Ciwon daji

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Bincike ta likitan likita

An Bayani game da Jiyya

Wadanne zaɓuɓɓukan magani suna samuwa ga ciwon daji, kuma ta yaya waɗannan hanyoyin suke aiki? Mene ne manufar wadannan jiyya, kuma yaushe ake amfani da su?

Zaɓin Tsarin Ciwon Kankara

Idan kai ko wanda kake ƙaunata kwanan nan an gano shi tare da ciwon daji, za ka iya jin damu da kuma ciwo. Ciwon daji ko kalmar "C" za ta iya kafa tunanin jin tsoro da tsoro a ko da yawan mutane. An ci gaba da ci gaba da yawa a cikin maganin ciwon daji, sau da yawa kyauta da dama daban-daban don kulawa.

Yaya za ku iya yin zaɓin da suka fi dacewa a gare ku a matsayin mutum?

Abin godiya shi ne ba kawai zai yiwu a yi waɗannan yanke shawara ba, amma mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna yin tasiri sosai fiye da yadda suke zabar maganin su. Wadannan zaɓuɓɓuka zasu dogara ne akan dalilai masu yawa, ciki har da shekarunka, da takamaiman tsari da mataki na ciwon daji da kake da shi, da kuma yiwuwar sakamako na lafiyar da kake so ka jure.

Magunguna masu gyaran ƙwayoyi don ciwon daji tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙaddara
Abin da za a yi a lokacin da maganin magungunanka ya haifar da raƙuman ruwa akan ƙafarka

Hakazalika, duk wani ciwon daji ya bambanta da yanayin kwayoyin halitta, kuma magani wanda yake aiki da kyau ga mutum daya da irin wannan ciwon daji zai iya aiki ba don wani mutum da irin wannan ciwon daji ba.

Bari mu dubi hanyoyin kwantar da ciwon daji a halin yanzu, da magunguna daban-daban, da kuma abin da za ku iya yi don kuyi shawara mafi kyau don kulawa.

Local vs. Ciwon lafiya Ciwon daji Jiyya

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da za'a iya maganin ciwon daji, amma yana taimakawa wajen fara karya wadannan zuwa manyan manyan hanyoyi biyu: jiyya na gida da kuma jiyya don ciwon daji.

Kulawa na gida - Gidajen gida suna magance ciwon daji inda ya samo asali. Dukkan tiyata da radiation suna dauke da jiyya na gida. Suna bi da ko cire ciwon daji na farko amma basu iya magance ciwon daji wanda zai iya yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Soshin lafiya - Soshin lafiya sun hada da wadanda ke bi da kwayar cutar Kanjamau a duk inda suka kasance cikin jiki. Hanyar da ke samar da "layin kwayoyin halitta" na ciwon daji ya hada da chemotherapy, maganin kwantar da hankula, hanyoyin maganin hormonal, da kuma immunotherapy. Idan ciwon daji ya yadu ko kuma idan akwai wata dama ta yada, an yi amfani da farfadowa kamar tsarin kulawa da cututtuka don cire waɗannan kwayoyin masu tausananci. Tun da cututtukan jini irin su cutar sankarar bargo sun shafi sel a cikin jikin jini wanda ke tafiya a cikin tsarin jiyya na jiki shine tsarin hanyar magani na farko.

Manufofin Ciwon daji

Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da manufofin maganin ciwon daji kafin ka fara ciwon daji. Nazarin ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da mahimmanci daban-daban fiye da na likitocin su game da tasirin hanyoyin wariyar launin fata.

Goals na iya hada da:

Don warkar da ciwon daji - Manufar yin maganin wasu cututtuka shine kawar da ciwon daji, don haka ya tafi har abada. Abin takaici, saboda gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin cututtuka daga ƙwayar ciwon ƙwayar cuta na iya "ɓoyewa" don shekaru ko shekarun da suka gabata, wasu manufofi suna la'akari da su (koda kuwa yiwuwar cewa ciwon daji zai dawo ne karami).
Don yada rai ko rage haɗarin sake dawowa - Magungunan ciwon daji da yawa suna ba da zarafi don ƙara tsawon lokaci wanda zai iya zama tare da ciwon daji, ko kuma yana zaune a gafara daga ciwon daji.
Magungunan Adjuvant - Magungunan adjuvant shine tsarin kulawa wanda ake amfani da magani (yawanci chemotherapy ko radiationrapy) wanda ya yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki (micrometastases) amma ba a iya tattara shi a kan nazarin rediyo ba. Anyi amfani da maganin ciwon maganin rigakafi bayan yin aiki don rage yiwuwar cewa ciwon daji zai sake dawowa.
Maganin Neoadjuvant - Magunguna Neoadjuvant sun haɗa da wadanda (yawancin cutar shan magani ne ko kuma radiationrapy) wanda ake amfani dashi don rage yawan ƙwayar cuta don haka tiyata zai yiwu.

Kwayar farfadowa - Kulawa mai mahimmanci ko kuma "farfadowa na tallafi" yana nufin tsarin kulawa wanda yake magana da dukkan sassan jiki: jiki, tunani, da kuma ruhu. Wadannan jiyya an tsara don inganta yanayin rayuwa ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji amma ba a tsara don magance ciwon daji ba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kulawa mai banbanci ya bambanta da hospice. Za a iya amfani da kulawa mai kyau don inganta yanayin rayuwa har ma ga mutanen da ke da ciwon daji wanda za'a iya warkar da su.

Za a Warkar da Ciwon Cutar da Jiyya?

Yayinda ake yin la'akari da manufar magani, mutane zasu yi mamaki dalilin da yasa kalmar "warkewa" ba ta da amfani da ciwon tumuttuka da kuma dalilin da yasa magunguna sukan dawo. Akwai hanyoyi da dama game da dalilin da yasa cututtuka na iya dawowa , har ma da shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ku tuna cewa har ma idan kadan ya sami ciwon kuji zai sake dawowa bayan magani, akwai kuma dan takaitaccen likitanku zai yi amfani da kalmar "warke" idan kuna da kyamarar ƙwayar cuta. Maimakon haka, za ku iya jin maganganu irin su "cikakke fansa" da kuma "babu shaidar cutar."

Shin Ɗanku zai iya kasancewa abokin tarayya lokacin jiyya?
Yadda Vitamin D zai Rage Rashin Ciwon Cancer

Cancers da za a iya "warkewa" tare da magani sun haɗa da wasu leukemias da lymphomas, ciwon daji na yara na farko, da kuma ciwon daji wanda aka gano yayin da ake daukar ciwon sukari a cikin wuri. Carcinoma a wuri yana nufin ciwon daji wanda yake da kyau sosai (ba a haɗa da kwayoyin da suka dace ba ) amma ba ya kai cikin rufin ginshiki. A wasu kalmomi, ba wani ciwon "ciwo" ba. Yawancin cututtuka, har ma wadanda suke da mataki na I, har yanzu suna dauke da mamayewa saboda sun mika fiye da maɓallin kwalliya.

Bayani na Harkokin Cutar Cancer da Zabuka

Akwai hanyoyi da dama da ake bi da ciwon daji. Ka tuna cewa a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka za'a iya samun sababbin hanyoyin da bambancin kuma cewa waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban za a iya bada shawara tare da manufofi daban-daban. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da wani nau'i na maganin radiation a matsayin maganin curative yayin da wani nau'i na radiation zai iya amfani da shi azaman aikin farfadowa, ko da ma irin wannan ciwon daji. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyi za a fadada akan ƙara ƙasa. Jiyya hanyoyin sun hada da:

tiyata
radiation far
chemotherapy
dabarun magance
magungunan hormonal
immunotherapy
Tsarin sassan cell transplants
gwaji na asibiti
Sauran maganin ciwon daji

Tiyata a matsayin Cutar Cancer

Tare da 'yan kaɗan, irin su cutar ta jini kamar cutar sankarar bargo, tiyata yana ba da damar da za a iya warkar da ciwon daji ko a kalla muhimmanci rage damar da zai iya komawa. Manufar tiyata tana iya zuwa:

Ciwon kwakwalwa - Ciwon daji zai iya cire ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, ko kuma ciwon daji zai iya cirewa gaba ɗaya, domin ya gano ainihin ganewar asali.
Cutar daji - Gyara wani ciwon daji - ƙayyade yadda yawan ciwon daji yake da kuma yadda ya yadu-yana da mahimmanci a zabar mafi kyau jiyya ga ciwon daji. Yawancin dalilai suna shiga cikin maganin ciwon daji, amma auna girman ƙwayar ƙwayar bayan tayi aiki shine daya daga cikin waɗannan dalilai. Hoto zai iya kasancewa ɗaya don neman yaduwar cutar ciwon daji don ƙaddarawa, misali, ta hanyar yaduwar yaduwar kwayar cutar lymph tare da ciwon nono ko kuma maganin cutar kanjamau tare da ciwon huhu na huhu.
Cutar ciwon daji - Idan ana iya samun ciwon daji a wani mataki na farko, za a iya amfani da tiyata a ƙoƙarin maganin ciwon daji. Wannan na iya biyo bayan wannan magunguna irin su chemotherapy ko radiation na farfadowa don isa kowane kwayar da ba a cire ba a lokacin tiyata.
Tashin tumbura - Za ka iya mamaki dalilin da yasa ba'a amfani da tiyata fiye da sau da yawa don manyan cancers da suka yada. Bayan haka, bai dace ba ne a kalla rage girman ƙari kamar yadda ya yiwu? Tare da ciwon sukari mafi ciwon gaba, irin su mataki na IV ciwon nono, tiyata ba a bada shawara ba, kamar yadda cututtuka irin su chemotherapy sun fi tasiri. Akwai wasu abubuwan da "lalata" ko tiyata na iya samun karin amfani fiye da haɗari. Misali, tare da wasu cututtuka na ovarian, labaran debulking zai iya rage adadin ƙwayar cutar, yana barin chemotherapy ya zama mafi inganci kafin kututture ya zama magungunan wadannan kwayoyi.
Kwayar cutar ciwon daji - Za a iya yin tiyata don dalilai masu ban sha'awa. Alal misali, tiyata na iya cire wani ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta wadda ke haifar da ciwo, da ƙuntatawa, ko tsangwama tare da wasu matakai a jiki.
Riga ciwon daji - Domin ciwon daji wanda ke da matsala ko kuma idan yana tunanin cewa wani zai iya ciwon ciwon daji a wani yanki na jiki, ana iya yin tiyata don cire kwayar cutar kafin ciwon daji zai iya ci gaba. Alal misali, wasu mutanen da ke da mummunar haɗarin kwayoyin cutar don ciwon nono na iya ƙila su sami mastectomy.

Risks da Side Side na Tiyata ga Ciwon daji - Kamar yadda tare da wasu jiyya na ciwon daji, tiyata yana da hadari, kuma yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa wadannan hadarin suna nunawa ta hanyar yiwuwar amfani da magani. Wadannan halayen sun bambanta da yawa dangane da irin ciwon sukari da wuri, amma zasu iya haɗa da zub da jini, kamuwa da cuta, da kuma matsalolin maganin rigakafi.

Hanyoyi na musamman - Ganowa a cikin hanyoyin fasaha, irin su zaɓi na lumpectomy da mastectomy na baya, suna barin likitoci don cire ciwon kututture da ƙananan matsaloli da kuma sauƙin dawowa. An yi amfani da ma'anar motsa jiki mai mahimmanci don bayyana wadannan fasahohin da ke ba da damar iya cire ƙwayar cutar, amma tare da rashin lalacewa ga al'ada. Misali shine yin amfani da aikin tiyata don magance cutar ta hanyan bidiyo don kawar da ciwon huhu na huhu, wanda ya bambanta da ƙwayoyin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka yi a baya. Yin aikin tiyata shi ne wani misali na fasaha na musamman wanda za a iya amfani dashi. Akwai wasu fasaha na musamman na musamman. Yin aikin laser yana amfani da yin amfani da magungunan rediyo mai ƙarfi don magance ciwon daji. An yi amfani da na'urar lantarki tare da yin amfani da wutar lantarki na makamashin makamashi mai karfi, da kuma muryar murmushi yana amfani da tushen sanyi irin su nitrogen din ruwa don daskare ciwon sukari.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy yana nufin amfani da sunadarai (magunguna) don kawar da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Wadannan kwayoyi suna aiki ta hanyar tsangwama tare da haifuwa da ninuwar kwayoyin halitta mai sauri, irin su ciwon daji.

Tun da an tsara wadannan kwayoyi don magance kwayoyin halitta masu sauri , suna da tasiri sosai don ci gaba da girma-ko tsokanar ƙwayar cuta. Kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji wanda ya kasance mafi mawuyacin hali da kuma saurin kisa a wasu lokuta shi ne mafi yawan abin da zai iya samuwa da kuma yiwuwar magance shi da amfani da chemotherapy. Sabanin haka, chemotherapy ba shi da tasiri ga ciwo mai raguwa, ko kuma "ciwo".

Wannan tsari na aikin kuma yana da asusun ajiyar ilimin chemotherapy. Akwai nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta "na al'ada" da yawa waɗanda suke girma cikin hanzari, kamar su a cikin gashin tsuntsaye, ƙwayoyi masu narkewa, da ƙashin kashi. Tun da yake cutar shan kwayar cutar ta haifar da dukkanin kwayoyin halitta mai girma, wannan asusun na lalacewar gashi, laushi, da kuma maye gurbin ɓawon nama .

Makasudin chemotherapy na iya zama:

Don warkar da ciwon daji - Tare da ciwon daji na jini kamar su leukemias da lymphomas, za'a iya amfani da cutar shan magani tare da niyyar warkar da ciwon daji.
Adjuvant chemotherapy - Adjuvant chemotherapy ne chemotherapy da aka ba bayan tiyata don "tsabtace" kowane ciwon daji da suka wuce fiye da tumo amma ba su iya ganowa a kan gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje da muke da shi a yanzu. Wadannan ƙwayoyin ƙyama waɗanda suke da ƙananan kaɗan don a gano su ana kiransu micrometastases . An tsara adjuvant chemotherapy don rage hadarin komawa da ciwon daji.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Za a iya baiwa neoadjuvant chemotherapy kafin a tiyata don rage yawan ƙwayar cuta. Idan ƙwayar cutar ba ta da ikon yin aiki saboda girmansa ko wuri, chemotherapy a cikin wannan wuri na iya rage yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar da za a iya yin tiyata.
Don ƙara rayuwa - Ana iya amfani da kodotherapy don tsawan rai.
Kwayar cutar shan magani - Palliative chemotherapy yana nufin amfani da chemotherapy don rage bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji, amma ba don warkar da ciwon daji ko ƙara rayuwa.

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na magunguna na shan magani, wanda ya bambanta a tsarin su guda biyu da kuma ɓangaren tantanin salula wanda suke rushewa. Yawancin lokuta ana amfani da kwayoyi masu amfani da chemotherapy a hade-wani abu da aka kwatanta hade da chemotherapy . Kwayoyin ciwon daji guda daya suna da maki daban-daban a tsarin aiwatarwa da rabawa. Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi fiye da ɗaya yana taimakawa wajen magance ciwon daji a duk inda suke cikin tantanin halitta.

Za a iya ba da kwayar cutar shan magani ta hanyar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta jiki, ta hanyar kwaya ko kwayar ruwa, kai tsaye a cikin ruwa da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, ko cikin ruwa da ke cikin rami na ciki.

Risks da sakamako masu illa na chemotherapy - Yawancin mutane sun saba da ilimin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar , irin su asarar gashi. Abin godiya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an fara maganin jiyya don sarrafawa da yawa daga cikin wadannan tasirin. Alal misali, mutane da yawa yanzu suna da kadan ko babu tashin hankali ko jingina dangane da baya. Wadannan cututtuka masu tasiri sun danganta da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, maganin, da lafiyar lafiyarka, amma sun haɗa da:

Yawancin waɗannan maganganu masu tasowa sun gyara ba da jimawa ba bayan karon dinku na ƙarshe, amma akwai wasu lokuta na illa ganyayyaki na chemotherapy . Misalan sun hada da lalacewar zuciya da wasu daga cikin kwayoyi kuma karamin haɗari na ciwon cututtuka na biyu (irin su cutar sankarar bargo) tare da wasu. Amfani da farfadowa bai fi damuwa da duk wani damuwa ba, amma samun sani zai taimaka maka wajen tattauna dukkanin zabin da likitan ka.

Radiation Far

Magungunan radiation shine magani ne wanda ke amfani da hasken rayuka mai ƙarfi (ko proton) don halakar da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. An yi ingantattun gyare-gyare a cikin wadannan maganin nan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta rage yawan lalacewa ga takalma na al'ada game da ciwon daji.

Za'a iya ba da radiation a waje, inda aka ba da radiation ga jiki daga wani waje kamar na'urar x-ray, ko kuma a cikin ƙwayar jiki (wanda aka yi amfani da shi) ko dan lokaci a cikin jiki.

Kamar dai sauran maganin ciwon daji, radiation far for daban dalilai da kuma daban-daban burin. Wadannan manufofi na iya zama:

Don warkar da ciwon daji - Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) na iya amfani, misali, a cikin ƙoƙari na warkar da karamin ciwon daji wanda ba zai yiwu ba a kai shi tare da tiyata, ko cire gaba ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayar cuta.
Yayinda za'a fara amfani da maganin maganin radiation - Za a iya amfani da farfadowa na radiation bayan an tilasta wa kowannen jikin da aka bari a bayan aikin tiyata. Wannan na iya yin ko dai a waje ko cikin gida. Misali shine yin amfani da farfadowa na radiation zuwa bangon katako bayan mastectomy.
Yayin da za'a fara amfani da maganin neoadjuvant - za'a iya haɗuwa da maganin radiation tare da chemotherapy don rage yawan ciwon tumo kafin a tiyata. Alal misali, farfadowar radiation-yawancin haɗuwa tare da chemotherapy-ana iya amfani dashi don rage yawan ciwon daji marasa lafiya wanda ba zai iya aiki ba saboda haka za'a iya yin tiyata.
Tsanani - Wani misali na farfadowa na rigakafi yana bada radiation far zuwa kwakwalwa don hana ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa a cikin mutane tare da ciwon ƙwayar cutar kanjamau.
Harkokin radiation na farfadowa - Harkokin radiation na farfadowa yana nufin amfani da radiation don magance cututtuka na ciwon daji amma ba don maganin ciwon daji ba. Ana iya amfani dashi don rage rage zafi, rage matsa lamba, ko taimakawa matsawar da cutar ta samu.

Za a iya ba da magungunan radiation a hanyoyi daban-daban:

Harkokin radiyo na waje waje - An yi amfani da radiation na katako na waje sau da yawa kuma ya shafi jagorancin katako na radiation a gida zuwa shafin yanar gizo.
Tsarin radiation na zamani (IMRT) - IMRT hanya ce ta yadda za a ba da jagorancin radiation ta hanyar kai tsaye zuwa wani shafin, yakamata a ba da mafi girma daga radiation tare da rashin lalacewa ga kwayoyin kewaye.
Brachytherapy - Brachytherapy, ko radiation na ciki, wata hanya ce da aka sanya sautin rediyo a cikin jiki ko dai na dan lokaci ko har abada.
Sterractic body radiotherapy (SBRT) - SBRT, wanda kuma aka sani da wuka na cyber ko gamma wuka, ba aikin tiyata ba ne, amma a hakika hanya ce ta jagorancin mummunar radiation zuwa wani karamin yanki, tare da niyyar hallaka gaba daya. ciwon daji kamar yadda tiyata zai. Ana iya amfani dashi don biyan "oligometastases" -nusa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa wani yanki irin su huhu, hanta, ko kwakwalwa daga wani ciwon daji.
Proton farfesa - Proton farka yana amfani da kwayoyin halitta masu tsinkar kwayar halitta wadda ke da sauƙin sarrafawa fiye da x-haskoki - don magance ciwon daji wanda ba daidai ba ne wanda ke da wuya a bi da shi da radiation ta al'ada.
Tsarin radiation na tsarin jiki - Raɗaɗɗen tsarin raya hanya ne wanda ake kawo radiation cikin jiki ta hanyar jini. Misali shi ne amfani da na'ura na rediyo don magance wasu cututtukan thyroid.

Hadarin da cututtukan sakamako na radiation - Asarar radiation farfadowa ya dogara ne akan irin nauyin radiation da kuma wurin da aka samo shi kuma ana amfani dashi. Ra'ayin sakamako na gajeren lokaci na farfadowa na radiation sukan haɗa da redness (kamar kunar rana a jiki), ƙonewa na yankin da ke karɓar radiation, irin su radiation pneumonitis tare da radiation zuwa kirji, da gajiya. Sakamakon bayyanar cututtuka ma na kowa ne a cikin mutanen da suke karɓar kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. Rawanin lokaci na farfadowa na radiation na iya haɗawa da sauƙaƙe a yankin da aka yi amfani dashi da kuma cututtuka na biyu.

Magunguna da aka ƙayyade

Magunguna da aka ƙayyade su ne magunguna waɗanda aka tsara don magance kwayoyin cutar kanjamau musamman, kuma a irin waɗannan lokuta basu da haɗari ga ƙwayoyin jiki. Da dama daga cikin likitocin da aka kwantar da su don maganin ciwon daji sune magunguna, kuma ana kimantawa a cikin gwaji. Bugu da ƙari da ake kira ciwon dabarun da aka tsara, ana iya kira wadannan jiyya a matsayin "kwayoyin da aka yi niyya" ko "maganin maganin ƙwayoyi."

Harkokin maganin da aka ƙayyade ya bambanta da ilimin chemotherapy a wasu hanyoyi masu muhimmanci. Ba kamar maganin cutar kima ba wanda ke kai hare-haren kwayoyin halitta ko hanzari ko ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin maganin da ke tattare musamman da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Magungunan shan magani na yawanci cytotoxic, ma'anar cewa suna kashe kwayoyin halitta, yayin da hanyoyin da ake nufi da hanyoyin kwantar da hankula ne sau da yawa cytostatic, wanda ke nufin sun dakatar da ciwon ciwon daji amma kada su kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Akwai nau'o'i biyu na magungunan da aka tsara:

Ƙananan kwayoyin kwayoyi - Ƙananan kwayoyin magungunan sun iya tafiya zuwa cikin cikin kwayar cutar ciwon daji da kuma sunadarin sunadaran da suka shafi ci gaban kwayar halitta. Sannan sun sami damar toshe sakonni wanda ke fada wa sel don raba da girma. Wadannan magunguna an gano su ta hanyar suffix "ib" kamar erlotinib.
Monoclonal antibodies - Monoclonal antibodies suna kama da maganin rigakafi jikin mu yi a mayar da martani ga daukan hotuna da kwayoyin cuta. Sabanin wadannan kwayoyin cutar, duk da haka, kwayoyin sunadarai guda daya ne "kwayoyin halitta", kuma maimakon yaki da ƙwayoyin cututtuka da kwayoyin cutar, sunyi amfani da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta (proteins) a kan kwayar cutar ciwon daji. Wadannan magunguna suna daukar nauyin "mab" kamar yadda bevacizumab.

Akwai hanyoyi guda hudu wadanda wadannan hanyoyin magance cutar. Suna iya:

Tsoma baki tare da ci gaban sabon jini. Wadannan magungunan da ake magana da su a matsayin masu hana hawan angiogenesis , suna fama da ciwon ciki ta hanyar tarwatsa jini.
Block sigina a ciki ko waje da tantanin halitta wanda ya gaya wa tantanin halitta ya raba da girma.
Bayar da "guba" mai guba ga kututture.
Yarda da tsarin rigakafi don kawar da kwayoyin cututtuka.

Risks da sakamako masu tasiri na hanyoyin magance cutar - Duk da yake magance hanyoyin kwantar da hankula ne sau da yawa marasa cutarwa fiye da kwayoyin cutar shan magani, suna da sakamako masu illa. Yawancin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyi suna cike da hanta kuma zai iya haifar da kullun wannan kwayar. Wani lokaci furotin yana samuwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, an gano furotin da aka sani da EGFR a wasu cututtuka. EGFR kuma an bayyana ta wasu fuka-fatar jiki da kwayoyin halitta masu narkewa. Magungunan da ke dauke da EGFR na iya tsoma baki tare da ci gaban kwayoyin cutar Kankara, amma kuma suna haifar da cututtuka da kuma raguwa kamar ƙwayar jikin fata. Masu maganin Angiogenesis, tun da yake sun ƙididdige samuwar sabon jini, suna iya samun sakamako na jini.

Lokacin da aka gano ku, likitanku na iya yin labaran kwayoyin (labaran kwayar halitta) don sanin idan tsutsa zai iya amsawa daya daga cikin wadannan jiyya.

Hormonal Far

Cancers irin su ciwon nono da kuma ciwon karuwanci suna shawo kan matsalar hormones a jiki. Alal misali, estrogen zai iya bunkasa ci gaban wasu cututtuka na ƙirji (cutar ciwon estrogen receptor) kuma testosterone na iya haifar da cigaba da cutar ciwon gurgu. Ta wannan hanyar, hormones suna aiki kamar man fetur a kan wuta don inganta yawan ciwon daji. Magunguna-wanda ake kira endocrine far-block wannan mahimmancin tasirin hormones don dakatar da ciwon ciwon daji. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar kwayar maganin, ta hanyar allurar rigakafin, ko kuma ta hanyar wata hanya ta jiki tare da manufar:

Biyad da ciwon daji - Za a iya amfani da maganin gaggawa don dakatarwa ko rage jinkirin ciwon hanzari na hormone. Dukkan isrogen da progestérone taimako don fitar da ci gaban wasu cututtukan nono da kuma testosterone zai iya haifar da ci gaban wasu ciwon daji na prostate.
Riga ciwon daji - Misalin rigakafin ciwon daji zai zama amfani da Tamoxifen a wani wanda ke da mummunar haɗarin ciwon ciwon nono da fatan cewa magani zai rage hadarin cewa ciwon daji zai fara a farkon wuri.
Rage haɗarin sake dawowa (rage chances cewa ciwon daji zai dawo.)
Bi da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji.

Za a iya amfani da magungunan magungunan maganin hana wani hormone, ko don hana damar hormone don haɗawa da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Za a iya amfani da tiyata a matsayin farfadowa na hormonal. Alal misali, cirewar cirewa na kwayoyin zai iya rage yawan samar da testosterone a cikin jiki kuma cirewa daga ovaries (oophorectomy) na iya hana cinikin estrogen. Wadannan sharuɗɗa suna gano maganin hormonal don ciwon daji a mafi zurfin zurfin :.

Risks da cututtukan cututtuka na maganin hormonal - Mafi yawan cututtuka daga wadannan jiyya, irin su anti-estrogens, farfadowa na asrogen, da kuma tiyata, suna da alaka da rashin jarabawan da ke cikin jikin mu. Alal misali, cire ovaries, saboda haka rage yawan isrogen, zai iya haifar da walƙiya mai zafi da kuma bushewa.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy yana da matukar farin ciki don magance ciwon daji kuma an kira shi Cibiyar Nazarin Ingancin Inganci na shekarar 2016. Akwai nau'o'in immunotherapy daban-daban, amma al'ada shine cewa wadannan kwayoyi suna aiki ta hanyar musayar tsarin tsarin jiki ko ta hanyar amfani samfurori na tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji.

Wasu nau'in immunotherapy sun hada da:

Monoclonal antibodies - Monoclonal antibodies aiki kamar antibodies da muke yi don kai farmaki da ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta, amma maimakon kasancewa zuwa wadannan microorganisms, sun haɗa zuwa wani maƙalli (antigens) kan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. A yin hakan, zasu iya toshe sigina zuwa ciwon daji don yadawa, "tag" kwayar cutar cancer don haka sauran kwayoyin halitta ba zasu iya samuwa da kai hare-haren, ko a maimakon haka, za a iya haɗa su zuwa "payload" -a maganin cutar shan magani ko barbashi na radiation wanda aka tsara don kashe ciwon daji.
Maɗaukaki ba tare da izini ba - Ma'aikatanmu na rigakafi sun san yadda za su iya yaki da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Masu rikici ba tare da izini ba sunyi aiki ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙuƙwalwa daga cikin tsarin na rigakafi domin ya iya yin aikin da ake nufi don yin yaki da ciwon daji.
T hanyoyin maganin T - Wadannan jiyya suna aiki ta hanyar daukar kananan ƙwayoyin T waɗanda ke da damar don yaki da ciwon daji, da kuma ninka su.
Kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta - Ba kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke kai hari ga jikin mu ba kuma ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su sanyi na yau da kullum, an tsara waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta don shigar da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kuma suyi aiki kamar tsauri, lalata kwayar cutar cancer.
Masarar rigakafi - Ba kamar maganin alurar da ka samu don hana tetanus ko mura ba, ana yin maganin alurar rigakafi ta yin amfani da kwayoyin tumo ko kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin tumo suka yi don magance ciwon daji wanda ya riga ya kasance.
Cytokines - Abubuwa na farko na immunotherapy da za a yi amfani da su, cytokines, ciki har da interleukins da interferons, haifar da wani amsa ga duk wani mahaukaci na kasashen waje, ciki har da ciwon daji.

Labarin da ke gaba ya tattauna kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin a zurfi da kuma yadda tsarin mu na rigakafi yayi aiki don yaki da ciwon daji:

Immunotherapy 101: Abin da yake da kuma yadda yake aiki

Risks da sakamako masu illa na immunotherapy - Abubuwa masu rinjaye na asibiti na immunotherapy ne sau da yawa abin da za ku yi tsammani daga ciwon tsarin kulawar rigakafi. Maganin rashin lafiya sun kasance tare da wasu kwayoyi, kuma magunguna don ƙayyade waɗannan halayen ana amfani dasu tare da jima'i na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kumburi yana na kowa, kuma akwai maganganun cewa kwayoyin cututtuka na kwayoyin immunotherapy sune abubuwa da suka ƙare tare da "itis". Alal misali, pneumonitis yana nufin ƙin ciwon huhu da aka danganta da wadannan kwayoyi.

Sanya Cell Transplants

Tsarin sassan cell , wanda ya bambanta da kwayar halitta mai dadi kamar dashi na koda, maye gurbin kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kututture. Wadannan kwayoyin sifofin hematopoietic sune farkon kwayoyin halitta waɗanda zasu iya bambancewa cikin dukkanin jini na jiki ciki har da kwayoyin jinin jini, jinsin jini, da kuma platelets.

A cikin wannan hanya, an ba da babban maganin magungunan cututtuka da kuma radiation don halakar da kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kututture. Bayan haka, ana maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta a cikin hanyoyi biyu. A cikin wani motsi na autologous wanda aka sassauka, an cire sassan jikin jikin mutum kafin cutar chemotherapy sannan a maye gurbin. A cikin maganin allogeneic ƙwayoyin cell, ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta daga mai ba da taimako don maye gurbin sel a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu sassaucin sutura masu amfani da leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta.

Gwaji na Clinical

Akwai labarai masu yawa game da gwajin gwaji , amma gaskiyar ita ce, kowane magani wanda yanzu ya samu don ciwon daji ya taɓa binciken a cikin gwaji. Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa, tare da cigaba a binciken bincike kan ciwon daji, gwaji na gwaji sun canzawa. Kodayake a cikin wani lokaci na gwaji (gwajin farko da ake gwada magani a cikin mutane) ya kasance mai saurin "tsaka-tsakin" kuma ba zai iya taimaka wa mutane da ciwon daji ba, waɗannan lokuta zasu iya ba da damar sauƙaƙe kawai magani don ciwon daji. Bambanci shi ne cewa yawancin sababbin maganin nan an tsara su da kyau don magance ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwayoyin dake cikin wasu kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Bisa ga Cibiyar Cancer na Cibiyar Kankara, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji zasuyi la'akari da gwajin gwaji a yayin da suke yanke shawarar game da maganin ciwon daji.

Misali yana da daraja dubu kalmomi. A shekara ta 2015, akwai wasu sababbin kwayoyi (magungunan maganin cututtuka da rigakafin rigakafi) da aka amince don maganin cutar kanjamau. Wadannan kwayoyi an yarda da su kamar yadda aka samo mafi kyawun maganin da muke da shi a wancan lokaci. Wata shekara a baya, a cikin shekarar 2014, mutane kawai da zasu iya karɓar wannan sabuwar magani kuma mafi kyau shine wadanda suka shiga cikin gwaji.

Alternative / Karin Ciwon Cutar Ciki (Harkokin Ciki)

Muna jin karin bayani game da sauran maganin, kuma yawancin cibiyoyin ciwon daji suna samar da waɗannan hanyoyin magance ciwon daji , amma wane rawa za su iya takawa wajen gudanar da ciwon daji? Akwai kananan shaida da ke nuna cewa wani daga cikin wadannan jiyya zai iya warkar da ciwon daji ko ya rage ci gabanta, amma akwai tabbacin shaida cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan zasu taimaka wa mutane su magance alamun cutar ciwon daji da kuma maganin ciwon daji. Wasu daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin magancewa sun hada da:

Har ila yau ya kamata a lura cewa babu wasu maganin da aka samu wanda ya dace a magance ciwon daji kai tsaye kuma cewa manufar su ya kamata a bi da alamar cutar ciwon daji.

Yin shawara - Zabi Ciwon Cutar da ke da kyau a gare ku

Kuna iya jin dadi yayin da kake karanta game da yawancin ciwon daji da ake samu yanzu. Yaya zaku iya zaɓar zaɓin da suka fi kyau a gareku? Ga wasu matakai don taimaka maka jagorancin yanke shawara.

Bayyana burin maganin ku . Shin manufarka don magance ciwon daji, don ƙara rayuwarka, ko don kara yawan rayuwarka tare da lokacin da ka bar.
Lissafin dukkanin zaɓuɓɓukan magani da ake samuwa.
Yi la'akari da illa masu illa na yiwuwar jiyya.
Tambaye tambayoyi da gudanar da bincike - Yana da amfani don samun littafin rubutu lokacin da aka saba da ku da ciwon daji. Rubuta tambayoyi don tambayi likitan ilimin likitancin ku kawo wadannan tambayoyin don tabbatar da an amsa su. Muna rayuwa ne a lokacin da mutane zasu iya samun labarun bayanan likita a kan layi, amma ba dukkanin abin da ke da gaskiya ba. Koyi yadda za a sami bayanai mai kyau na ciwon daji a kan layi sannan ka yi wasu bincikenka na kanka. Nazarin ya gaya mana cewa koyo game da ciwon daji zai iya taimaka maka wajen magance halin da kake ciki kuma yana iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a sakamakonka.
Karfin yin la'akari da samun ra'ayi na biyu . Ba wai kawai wannan zai samar maka da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka ba, amma samun waɗannan ra'ayoyin na iya ba da tabbacin cewa kana zabar hanyar kulawa daidai. Wasu masana sun bayar da shawarar samun ra'ayi na biyu (ko na uku ko na hudu) a ɗaya daga cikin Cibiyar Cancer ta Cibiyar Cancer ta Tsakiya-wadda aka sanya cibiyoyin ciwon ciwon daji inda za ka iya samun likita wanda ya kware a kan irin wannan ciwon daji.
Yi magana da likitan ɗan adam, iyali, da abokai. Kila iya so ka tambayi likitancinka abin da za ta ba da wannan ganewar. Mutane da yawa sun sami labarun watsa labarun don zama kyakkyawan wuri na goyon baya da ilimi. Kafin ka shiga yanar gizo, duk da haka, ka saba da matsalolin sirri da kafofin watsa labarun da ciwon daji .
Ku kasance mai ba da shawara - Ko da kun kasance kunya kuma kuna da matsalolin da ke tsaye don kanku, ku koyi yadda za ku yi shawara don kanku a matsayin mai ciwon daji .
Yarda da zaɓin ku.

A yayin da kake yanke shawara, za ka iya jin labarin da yawa daga iyalinka da abokanka. Wadannan tunani suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen taimaka maka kayi tunani game da kusurwoyi daban-daban, amma zaka iya haifar da rikice-rikice idan mambobi ba su yarda ba. Daga ƙarshe, kana buƙatar yin shawara wanda ya fi kyau a gare ka.

Tambayoyi don Tambaya Game da Ciwon Cancer

Samun jerin tambayoyi zuwa ga ayyukanku zai iya tabbatar da samun amsoshin da kuke buƙata. Bincika waɗannan tambayoyin kuma ku kara da kanku kamar yadda suka zo cikin tunani.

Wadanne magani za ku bayar da shawarar don ciwon daji bisa ga bukatun da nake bukata?
Me ya sa kake bayar da shawarar kowane daga cikin wadannan jiyya?
Mene ne zabinku na biyu a tsakanin zabin na?
Wadanne jiyya za ku zaba idan kuna magance ciwon daji na ku?
Menene yiwuwar illa mai yiwuwa - gajerun lokaci da dogon lokaci-wadannan jiyya?
Akwai wanda zan iya magana da wanda ya karbi wadannan jiyya?
Akwai gwaje-gwaje na asibiti wanda zai iya zama wani zaɓi na gare ni?
Menene mataki na gaba idan wadannan jiyya ba su aiki ba?

Taimakawa ga Jiki a Cikin Ciwon Cutar Cancer

Muna fara fara koyi game da muhimmancin abinci mai gina jiki a kulawa da ciwon daji. Mun sani cewa cin abinci mai kyau da kuma motsa jiki mai kyau zai iya inganta zaman lafiya, kuma wani lokaci ma inganta rayuwar. Abin takaici, wasu daga cikin jiyya don ciwon daji zai iya ƙarawa-maimakon rage-iyawarka don samun abinci mai kyau.

Ganin cewa a cikin abincin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ba a kula da ilimin ilimin halitta ba, yawancin masu ilimin likita a halin yanzu sunyi la'akari da kyakkyawan abinci shine wani ɓangare na maganin ciwon daji. Abincin abinci mai kyau zai iya taimakawa mutane su yi hakuri da maganin jiyya mafi alhẽri kuma zai iya zama rawar a cikin sakamako. Kwanan nan kwanan nan an lura da cewa cachexia na ciwon daji , ciwon da ya shafi asarar hasara da tsokawar tsoka, yana da alhakin kashi 20 cikin 100 na mutuwar daji. Kodayake ba mu san irin rawar da abinci ke da shi ba wajen hana wannan ciwo, wannan ya karfafa muhimmancin cin abinci mai kyau.

Yi magana da likitanku game da bukatun ku na gina jiki a lokacin jiyya. Wasu cibiyoyin ciwon daji suna da masu gina jiki akan ma'aikatan da za su iya taimaka maka, wasu kuma suna ba da horo kan abinci da ciwon daji. Yawancin masu ilimin likitoci sun bada shawarar yin samfurori da ke buƙatar farko ta hanyar kayan abinci kuma ba kari. Yayinda wasu maganin ciwon daji na iya haifar da talauci na bitamin, akwai damuwa cewa wasu karin bitamin da ma'adinai na iya tsoma baki tare da maganin ciwon daji .

Kalma Daga

Tare da yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka da ake samu a yanzu don magance ciwon daji, zai iya zama ƙalubale don zaɓar hanyoyin jiyya waɗanda suka fi kyau a gare ku. Yi la'akari da matakai na yin yanke shawara a sama. Rayuwa na iya ƙalubalanci yayin da kuke ƙara maganin ciwon daji zuwa ga ayyukanku na yau da kullum. Ku shiga gidanku da abokai ku kuma karɓi taimako. Wadanda ake ƙauna suna cewa sashen mafi wuya na fuskantar ciwon daji a cikin ƙaunataccen su shine tunaninsu na rashin taimako. A neman neman taimako ba kawai ka rage kaya naka ba amma magance wannan bukatu na kaunataccen.

Samu da neman taimako daga wasu waɗanda ke fuskantar irin wannan ganewar, ko dai a cikin al'umma ko kuma kan layi. Akwai yanzu ƙungiyar masu tallafawa da kungiyoyin tallafi a dukan duniya, don haka ko da kuna da wata magungunan ciwon daji, ba buƙatar ku zama kadai ba.

Mafi mahimmanci, rataya a kan bege. Magungunan ciwon daji-da kuma rayuwa-suna inganta. An kiyasta cewa akwai mutane miliyan 15 da suka tsira daga cutar kanjamau a Amurka kadai, kuma wannan lambar tana girma. Ba wai kawai mutane da yawa ke ciwon ciwon daji ba, amma mutane da yawa suna rawar jiki, tare da sababbin ma'ana da kuma godiyar rayuwa bayan ciwon daji.

_Sources:

_{Ƙasar Amirka ta Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kwayoyi.} _{Yin Shirye-shiryen Game da Ciwon Daji.} _{Updated 11/2015.} _{http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/making-decisions-about-cancer-treatment}

_{Bridges J, Hughes J, Farrington N, Richardson A. Cancer Jiyya Shirye-shiryen Shirye-shiryen Magana ga Tsofaffiyar Marasa lafiya da Bukatun Bukatun: Nazari na Gaskiya.} _{BMJ Bude .} _{2015. 5 (12): e009674.}

_{Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa.} _{Nau'in Cancer Jiyya.} _{Updated 04/29/15.} _{http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types}