Hanyar, Manufar, da Rarraba na Sashen na PBSCT
Bayani na Binciken
Tsarin jini na jini wanda ya samo tantanin halitta, ko kuma PBSCT, sune hanyoyin da za su mayar da kwayoyin sutura wanda aka rushe ta hanyar maganin ƙwayar cuta. Sassan kwayoyin sune kwayoyin da ke haifar da jinin jini - kwayoyin jini na jini wanda ke ɗauke da oxygen, kwayoyin fararen fata wanda ke taimakawa jiki don yaki da cututtuka, da kuma plalets wanda zasu taimakawa yaduwar jini.
Yayi amfani da shi ne wanda ya haifar da sassan kwayoyin halitta daga kasusuwan da aka basu . Kodayake yawancin kwayoyin kwayoyin sun kasance a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, wasu suna rarraba - a cikin jini na jini. Wadannan za'a iya tattara su sannan kuma su canza su a marasa lafiya don mayar da ɗakinsu. Mafi yawan sassan cell transplants (amma ba duka don dalilai masu yawa) yanzu sune PBSCT. Kafin samar da kwayoyin jini, an ba masu bada taimako magani wanda ya ƙaru yawan kwayoyin jikinsu cikin jini. Kwayoyin jinin jinin jiki yana aiki sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙashin jini na kasusuwa, kuma a gaskiya, a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da platelets da kuma irin nau'in jini na jini wanda ake kira "neutrophils" har ma mafi alhẽri, idan mai bayarwa ba shi da alaka da mai karɓa .
Dalilin Sanya Tsarin Cell Transplants
Don fahimtar yadda za a iya amfani da sassan cell transplants, zai iya taimaka wajen magana kadan game da abin da ainihin kwayoyin yake.
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, kwayoyin jikinsu - wanda aka fi sani da kwayoyin saturan hematopoietic - suna tasowa ga dukkan nau'o'in jini a jiki. Ta hanyar dasa bishiyar kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya bambanta da baya a cikin daban-daban na jini - wani tsari da ake kira hematopoiesis - dashi zai iya maye gurbin rashi a kowane nau'i na jini.
Sabanin haka, maganin likita don maye gurbin dukkan waɗannan kwayoyin suna da karfi kuma suna kawo rikice-rikice masu yawa. Alal misali, zaka iya bayar da fassarar platinlet, karfin jini na jini, da kuma ba da magunguna don yaɗa duka jinsin jinin jini da kwayoyin jini, amma wannan yana da karfi, da wuya, kuma tana da tasiri da matsaloli masu yawa.
Dalilai na Kuskuren
Chemotherapy da aka tsĩrar da shi a manyan asarar yana lalata ciwon daji, amma kuma yana lalata kwayar halitta da ke cikin kasusuwan. Tsarin tantancewar siginar cell yana taimakawa mayar da kasusuwa na kasusuwan don mai haƙuri zai iya jure wa ƙwayar maganin chemotherapy.
Iri
Akwai nau'o'i uku na irin kwayar halitta na dashi:
- Tsarin tsaka-tsalle na Autologous: lokacin da marasa lafiya ke karɓar jikinsu.
- Allogeneic transplants: lokacin da marasa lafiya sami sutura kwayoyin daga ɗan'uwansu, 'yar'uwa, ko iyaye. Ba za a iya amfani da mai bayarwa ba tare da alaƙa ba .
- Syngeneic transplants: lokacin da marasa lafiya karbi kwayoyin jikinsu daga ma'aurata biyu.
Bayar da ƙwayoyin jini na jini
Kyautar PBSC ya shafi yin watsi da jini da kwayoyin jini, maimakon ƙwayoyin jiki daga kasusuwa, don haka babu wani ciwo daga samun damar kasusuwan kasusuwa. Amma a PBSC, maganin da aka ba da don bunkasa yawan kwayoyin kwayar halitta a cikin masu ba da gudummawa don taimakawa zai iya haɗuwa da ƙuƙwalwar jiki, ciwon tsoka, ciwon kai, da kuma alamun jini.
Wadannan tasiri na gaba suna tsayawa bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ƙaddarar ta ƙarshe na maganin ƙwayar ƙararrawa.
Nuna matsalolin PBSCT
Akwai matsaloli masu yawa na PBSCT. Babban hawan ƙwayar cutar daji kafin zuwan yana haifar da mummunar haɗari da kamuwa da cuta saboda rashin jinin jini (immunosuppression) da matsalolin da ke da nasaba da rashin jinin jini (anemia) da kuma kananan platelets (thrombocytopenia.)
Rashin haɗari bayan dashi shi ne na dasawa tare da cutar maraba (GvH), wanda ya faru da wani digiri a kusan dukkanin sassan cell transplants. A cikin cutar GvH cututtukan da aka sassaukar (daga mai bayarwa) sun gane mai karɓa (mai karɓa na dashi) a matsayin kasashen waje, da kuma kai hari.
Saboda haka dalili ne aka ba da mutun kwayoyi masu amfani da immunosuppresive bayan bin tsire-tsire.
Amma duk da haka kwayoyin immunosuppressive suna haifar da hadari. Rashin karuwar amsawa saboda wadannan kwayoyi yana kara haɗarin cututtuka mai tsanani, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin ci gaban wasu cututtuka.
Alternatives
Yin amfani da PBSCT wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci. Ba wai kawai an rigaya ya wuce kima ba, amma bayyanar cututtuka da cuta mai kulawa, da kuma rikitarwa na kwayoyin rigakafi sune hanyar da aka saba amfani dashi ga mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma a cikin lafiya sosai, mutane.
Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓi wanda za a iya la'akari da marasa lafiyar da suka tsufa ko a cikin lafiyar lafiya shi ne wanda ba shi da myeloablative karar dashi. A cikin wannan hanya, maimakon ragewa (yana lalata) ƙwayar kasusuwa tare da tsinkayyar cututtukan chemotherapy, an yi amfani da ƙananan kashi na chemotherapy. Asirin bayan wadannan siffofin transplants hakika ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wani nau'i na dasa tare da cuta mai watsa shiri. Duk da haka, a maimakon gwanin - kwayoyin suturar da aka sassauka - tsayayya da kwayoyin "mai kyau" a cikin jiki masu karɓa, kwayoyin suturar da aka sassaukar suna kai hari kan kwayoyin halitta a jikin masu karɓa. Wannan hali ana kiransa "sashi da ƙari."
Har ila yau Known As:
Kwararru, Kwayoyin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki
Sharuɗɗa Dabaru:
HSCT = hematopoietic siginar kwayar halitta
HCT = gyaran sakon kwayoyin halitta hematopoietic
SCT = Sanya cell dashi
G-CSF = Granulocyte-colony yana da matukar tasiri - wani abu mai girma, wani kwayar ƙararrawa mai kara ƙarfafawa, wani lokacin ana ba masu bada gudummawa don shirya samfurorin kwayoyin hematopoietic daga kasusuwa a cikin jini.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Sanya Cell Transplant. Updated 04/19/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant
Singh, V., Kumar, N., Kalsan, M., Saini, A., da kuma R. Chandra. Tsarin Nunawa: Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararraki (iPSCs). Takardun sakon kwayoyi . 2015. 10 (1): 43-62.
Wu, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Xu, Y., da T. Deng. Shin jini ne na jini ko kasusuwa na kasuwa mafi mahimmanci na kwayoyin sutura don canzawa a lokuta na HLA-wanda ya dace da masu bada taimako? A meta-bincike. Mahimman Bayani a kan ilimin ilimin halittu da ilmin lissafi . 2015. 96 (1): 20-33.