Yaya Immunotherapy zai iya taimaka wa Cibiyar Kanada Ciwon Kanada
Idan kun ji damuwa game da yadda yaduwar rigakafi ke aiki don magance ciwon daji, akwai kyawawan dalilai. Immunotherapy ba kawai nau'i ne kawai na magani ba; sai dai akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'ikan da suka fadi a ƙarƙashin wannan batu. Abinda aka sabawa shi ne cewa wadannan jiyya ko dai suna amfani da tsarin rigakafi, ko ka'idojin amsawa na rigakafi, don yaki da ciwon daji.
A wasu kalmomi, wadannan jiyya, wanda ake kira su maganin ilimin halitta, ana amfani dasu don canza tsarin jiki na jiki ko amfani da abubuwa da tsarin rigakafi yayi don yaki da ciwon daji.
Me yasa Immunotherapy Don haka yana da ban sha'awa?
Idan kun karanta jarida a kwanan nan, kuna ganin adadin labarai tare da sakonni masu ban mamaki irin su "warkewarta yana kusa" lokacin da yake kwatanta immunotherapy. Shin wannan abu ne da za a yi farin ciki game da shi, ko kuma kawai ya fi dacewa da kafofin watsa labaru?
Duk da yake muna fara fara koyi game da waɗannan jiyya, kuma ba shakka ba su aiki ga dukan ciwon daji ba, filin filin immunotherapy abu ne mai matukar muhimmanci. A gaskiya ma, an kira immunotherapy shekarar 2016 na ciwon ciwon ciwon ciwon daji a shekara ta Amurkan Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Nahiyar. Ga wadanda ke zaune tare da ciwon daji, wannan filin, tare da cigaba a cikin jiyya kamar maganin kwantar da hankalin, sune dalilai don jin dadi-ba kawai don makomar ba, amma don yau.
Ba kamar yawancin ci gaban cigaban ilimin ilimin halitta wanda ya gina a kan jiyya ba, immunotherapy shine mafi yawan hanyar da za a iya magance ciwon daji (wadanda ba su da wani mahimmanci na zamani irin su interferon sun kasance a cikin 'yan shekaru). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran maganin:
- Wasu daga cikin wadannan jiyya na iya aiki a fadin nau'in ciwon daji (a wasu kalmomi, likita zai iya aiki, ya ce, melanoma da ciwon huhu na huhu).
- Wasu daga cikin wadannan jiyya na iya aiki don mafi girma da kuma mafi wuya a magance cututtuka (alal misali, suna iya tasiri ga cututtuka irin su ciwon daji na ciwon huhu ko ciwon daji na pancreatic).
- A wasu lokuta, sakamakon yana dawwama - abin da masu ilimin likita suke magana a matsayin "amsa mai dorewa". Mafi yawan cututtukan ciwon daji don ƙwayar ciwon daji, irin su chemotherapy da kwayoyi wanda ke kawo cikas ga canjin kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin cututtuka, an iyakance; ciwon daji na ƙarshe ya zama magungunan magani. Duk da yake ba wanda zai iya raɗa maganar "warkewarta" duk da haka, akwai begen cewa ga 'yan tsirarun mutane tare da wasu irin magunguna duk da haka-wadannan magunguna na iya ba da dama ga kulawa da dogon lokaci na ciwon daji.
Tarihin Immunotherapy
Hasashen immunotherapy ya riga ya kasance na tsawon lokaci. Shekaru daya da suka wuce, likita da ake kira William Coley ya lura cewa wasu marasa lafiya, idan sun kamu da kwayoyin cuta, sun bayyana cewa suna yaki da cutar su. Wani likita da ake kira Steven Rosenberg an ladafta shi da tambayar tambayoyi game da ciwon daji. A wasu lokatai, ciwon daji zai iya tafi ba tare da wani magani ba. Wannan rigakafi ko rikici na ciwon daji an rubuta shi, kodayake abu ne mai wuya.
Dokta Dokta Rosenberg shine cewa tsarin rigakafi na likitan ya kai farmaki da kuma wanke ciwon daji.
Ka'idar Bayan Immunotherapy
Ka'idar a bayan immunotherapy shine cewa tsarin rigakafinmu sun rigaya san yadda za a yaki daji. Kamar yadda jikinmu zai iya ganewa, lakafta, da kuma adana maganin kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke mamaye jikinmu, ana iya ɗaukar kwayoyin cututtuka a matsayin mahaukaci kuma an kawar da shi daga tsarin rigakafi.
Shin me yasa kwayoyin mu ba su yada dukkanin cututtuka?
Koyo game da tsarin da kwayoyin rigakafi na rigakafin kwayoyin halitta ke janyo tambayoyin: "Idan tsarinmu na rigakafi ya san yadda ake yaki da ciwon daji, me ya sa ba?
Yaya aka samu daya daga cikin maza biyu da daya daga cikin mata uku don ci gaba da ciwon daji a cikin rayuwarsu? "
Da farko dai, tsarin mu na rigakafi yana aiki sosai a cikin tsaftace tsararrakin da zai iya zama ciwon daji. Muna da jinsin da aka gina a cikin DNA, wanda aka sani da kwayoyin karewa ta tumo , wanda ke samar da tsari don sunadaran da ke gyara da kuma kawar da jikin jikin da aka lalace. Watakila wata tambaya mafi kyau ita ce, "me ya sa ba mu duka ci gaba da ciwon daji akai-akai ba?"
Babu wanda ya san ainihin dalilin da yasa wasu kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji suka kubuta daga ganowa da lalata ta hanyar rigakafi. Wani ɓangare na dalili, ana tunanin shine, kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji na iya zama da wuya a gane fiye da kwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta saboda sun fito daga kwayoyin da ake ganin su na al'ada ta hanyar tsarin mu. An tsara sel guda daya don rarraba abin da suke gani a matsayin kai ko wanda ba kai ba, kuma tun da ciwon kanji sun tashi daga kwayoyin halitta a cikin jikinmu, zasu iya zamewa ta hanyar al'ada. Ƙarar girma na kwayoyin cututtuka na iya zama mahimmanci, tare da yawan kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar da ke cike da karfin ƙananan kwayoyin halitta.
Amma dalili shine mafi kuskure fiye da fitarwa ko lambobi - ko kuma a kalla, kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji sun fi kyau. Sau da yawa kwayoyin cututtuka sun guje wa tsarin kwayoyin ta hanyar "nunawa" don kama da kwayoyin halitta. Wasu kwayoyin cutar kanjamau sun bayyana hanyoyin da za su canza kansu, su sanya mask idan kun so. Ta hanyar ɓoyewa ta wannan hanya zasu iya tserewa. A gaskiya ma, wani nau'i na miyagun ƙwayoyi na immunotherapy yana aiki ta hanyar kawar da mask daga kwayoyin tumo.
A matsayi na ƙarshe, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa tsarin na rigakafi yana da daidaitattun daidaitattun lambobi da ma'auni. A gefe ɗaya yana da muhimmanci a yaƙe-yaƙen ƙetare na kasashen waje. A gefe guda, ba ma so muyi yaki da kwayoyin halitta a jikinmu, kuma a gaskiya ma, cututtuka na autoimmune kamar cututtukan cututtuka na rheumatoid suna da alaka da "tsarin yaduwar cutar."
Ƙuntatawar Immunotherapy
Yayin da kake karantawa, yana da muhimmanci mu gane wasu iyakokin immunotherapy a wannan mataki na cigaba. Wani masanin ilimin likitan ilmin likita yayi magana da shi a wannan hanya: immunotherapy shine maganin cutar kanji kamar yadda Wright Brothers fara tashi zuwa jirgin sama. Jirgin immunotherapy yana cikin jariri.
Mun san cewa wadannan jiyya ba sa aiki ga kowa da kowa, ko ma ga yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar. Bugu da ƙari, ba mu da wata alamar nuna wa wanda za ta amfana daga waɗannan kwayoyi. Binciken masu bincike na biomarkers, ko wasu hanyoyi na amsa wannan tambaya, wani yanki ne na bincike a wannan lokaci.
Binciken Binciken Tsarin Lafiya da Ciwon Daji
Don fahimtar kadan game da yadda waɗannan jiyya ke aiki, zai iya taimakawa wajen sake nazarin yadda tsarin aikin rigakafi ke aiki don yaki da ciwon daji. Tsarinmu na rigakafi yana samuwa ne da fararen kwayoyin jini da kuma nau'ikan kwayoyin lymphatic kamar lymph nodes. Duk da yake akwai nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin kwayoyin da ke haifar da kawar da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau, "manyan bindigogi" a magance ciwon daji shine T-kwayoyin halitta (T lymphocytes) da kwayoyin kisa . Wannan jagorar cikakkiyar jagorancin fahimtar tsarin tsarin ba da jimawa yana ba da cikakken bayani game da mahimman bayani game da amsawar da ba a yi ba.
Ta Yaya Tsarin Kwayar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Cutar Kanjamau?
Don yin yaki da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji, akwai wasu ayyuka da tsarin mu na rigakafi ya kamata muyi. Sauƙaƙe, waɗannan sun hada da:
- Kulawa: tsarin na rigakafi yana buƙatar ganowa da gano kwayoyin cututtuka. Kwayoyinmu na rigakafi sun buƙaci tantance duka duba kwayoyin halitta a tsakiyar su kuma su iya fahimtar ciwon daji kamar yadda ba kai ba ne. Wani misalin zai zama ma'aikacin aikin gandun daji yana tafiya cikin gandun daji don neman itatuwan da ke fama da rashin lafiya.
- Tagging: Da zarar an gano, tsarinmu na rigakafi ya buƙaci muyi alama ko lakabi ciwon kanji don hallaka. Biye da misalin, ma'aikacin aikin gandun daji zai buƙaci ko lakabi itatuwan da ke cike da launi.
- Alamar: Da zarar an gano nau'o'in ciwon daji, sassan jikinmu bazai buƙatar sautin ƙararrawa, yana jawo hankalin kwayoyin da ke fama da ciwon daji zuwa yankin inda aka samo shi. Ci gaba da misalin, ma'aikacin aikin gandun daji zai koma gidansa da waya, rubutu, da imel ɗin itace sabis na bisani ya zo ya cire bishiyoyi marasa lafiya.
- Yin gwagwarmaya: Da zarar an gane magungunan ciwon daji da kuma alama, kuma sunadaran kwayoyin sun amsawa ga ƙararrawa kuma sunyi gudun hijira zuwa shafin, tantanin T tarin cytotoxic da kullun kwayoyin cutar kai da kuma cire kwayoyin cututtuka daga jiki. A ƙarshe, a cikin misalin, ma'aikata na ma'aikata za su sassare su kuma cire itatuwa marasa lafiya.
Wannan labarin game da yadda kwayoyin T ke aiki don yaki da ciwon daji ya bayyana tsarin da wadannan matakai ke faruwa, kuma wannan labarin akan tsarin rigakafi na ciwon daji yana ba da zane na matakan mutum.
Yaya Yaya Ciwon Cutar Cancer Ke Kariya Daga Tsarin Rashin Gida?
Hakanan zai iya taimakawa a san yadda kwayoyin ciwon daji ke iya sarrafawa don gujewa ganowa ko kuma kai farmaki ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi. Ciwon daji zai iya ɓoye ta hanyar:
- Rage bayanin maganganun antigens akan farfajiya na sel. Wannan zai kasance daidai ga itatuwa cire alamun cutar su daga rassan su ko ganye.
- Bayyana abubuwa a kan tantanin tantanin halitta wanda ke hana tsarin rigakafi. Kwayoyin ciwon daji zasu iya haifar da kwayoyin da suke damewar amsawar rigakafi. A misali, bishiyoyi zasuyi wani abu don kori ma'aikatan gandun daji da sabis na itace.
- Ciwon magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da kullun marasa ciwon daji a kusa da su don ɓoye abubuwa da zasu rage tasirin tsarin rigakafi. Wannan tsarin shine ake juyo da kwayar halitta, yankin da ke kewaye da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Tsayayya da misalin a bit, itatuwan da ke da cututtukan zasuyi amfani da ferns da lilac don shiga don taimakawa wajen hana ma'aikatan gandun daji su tafi.
Idan kun rikita batun wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin kwayoyin cututtuka, da kuma abin da ke haifar da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau, waɗannan sharuɗɗa zasu tattauna abin da ke sa kwayar halitta ta sami ciwon daji , da kuma bambancin dake tattare da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau da kwayoyin halitta .
Iri da kuma Ma'anar Immunotherapy
Kuna iya ji immunotherapy wanda aka kwatanta a matsayin magani wanda "ya inganta" tsarin tsarin rigakafi. Wadannan jiyya sunfi haɗari fiye da samar da tsarin rigakafi. Bari mu dubi wasu hanyoyin da ayyukan aikin rigakafi, da magungunan maganin da ake amfani ko nazarin yau.
Tsarin sassa na Immunotherapy
Wasu sassan da hanyoyin magani na immunotherapy zasu iya magance ciwon daji sun hada da:
- Taimaka wa tsarin rigakafin gane ciwon daji
- Kunnawa da kara ƙarfafa kwayoyin halitta
- Tsayayya da ikon ciwon daji na iya ɓoye (de masking)
- Tsayayya da kwayar cutar ciwon daji ta hanyar canza yanayin sakonnin ciwon daji
- Yin amfani da ka'idodin tsarin mu na rigakafi a matsayin samfuri na zayyana magungunan ciwon daji
Nau'in Immunotherapy
Hanyar rigakafin rigakafi da aka amince ko an kimanta a cikin gwaji na asibiti sun hada da:
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Maƙallata masu bincike
- Ciwon maganin cutar kankara
- Shirye-shiryen kwayoyin halitta kamar kwayar cutar ta CAR T-cell
- Kwayoyin cututtukan Oncolytic
- Cytokines
- Adjuvant immunotherapy
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai matsala mai mahimmanci tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin shan magani. Alal misali, maganin da aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai hanawa mai bincike zai iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na daya.
Monoclonal Antibodies (Magungunan Ingancin Lafiya)
Monoclonal antibodies aiki ta hanyar sa ciwon daji kama da manufa kuma an yi amfani da wani lokaci, musamman ga magunguna irin su wasu irin lymphoma.
Lokacin da tsarinmu na rigakafi ya hadu da kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana aika saƙonni wanda zai haifar da kafawar kwayoyin cuta. Sa'an nan kuma, idan wannan mahaukaci ya nuna sama, an shirya jikin. Rigakaran rigakafi kamar kamuwa da mura ta hanyar nuna tsarin rigakafin kwayar cutar ciwon sukari (harbi) ko cutar rashin lafiya wanda ba shi da inganci (ƙuƙwarar hanci) don haka zai iya samar da kwayoyin cuta kuma a shirya shi idan cutar ta ciwo ta shiga jikinka.
Magungunan warkewa ko magunguna guda daya suna aiki a irin wannan hanya amma a maimakon haka wadannan kwayoyin "mutum" ne aka tsara don magance ciwon daji maimakon ƙwayoyin microorganisms. Magunguna sun haɗa zuwa antigens (alamun sunadarai) akan farfajiyoyin ciwon daji, kamar maɓalli zai dace da kulle. Da zarar ana nuna alamar cutar ciwon daji ko kuma alama, ana iya sanar da wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin da ba a rigakafi don halakar tantanin halitta. Kuna iya tunanin ƙwayoyin maganin monoclonal kamar kamannin launin ruwan orange wanda zai iya gani a bishiyar bishiya. Lakabin alama alama ce cewa dole a cire cell (ko itace).
Wani nau'i na anti-monoclonal zai iya zama a maimakon haɗa kai zuwa antigen a kan kwayar cutar ciwon daji domin ya hana siginar girma daga samun damar. A wannan yanayin, zai zama kamar sanya maɓalli a cikin kulle, don haka wani maɓallin-alama na girma-ba zai iya haɗi ba. Magunguna Erbitux (cetuximab) da kuma Vectibix (panitumumab) aiki ta hada da kuma hana mai karɓar EFGR (antigen) a kan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Tun da karɓar mai karɓar EGFR an "katange" siginar ci gaba ba zai iya haɗuwa ba kuma ya gaya wa kwayar cutar cancer don raba da girma.
Magunguna guda daya da aka yi amfani da shi guda daya shine Rituxan magani (rituximab). Wadannan kwayoyin sun daura ga antigen da ake kira CD20-alamaccen tumo da aka samo a kan jikin lymphocytes na B a wasu ƙwayoyin lyji na B.
An riga an amince da maganin rigakafin monoclonal don ciwon daji. Misalan sun haɗa da:
- Avastin (bevacizumab)
- Herceptin (yanar gizo)
- Rituxan (rituximab)
- Vectibix (panitumumab)
- Erbitux (cetuximab)
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab)
Wani nau'i na anti-danclonal shi ne wanda yake da alaƙa. Wadannan kwayoyin sun danganta zuwa antigens daban-daban guda biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin kalmomi da kwayar cutar ciwon daji kuma ɗayan yana aiki don kama ɗakin T kuma ya kawo su tare. Misali ne Blincyto (blinatumomab).
Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated
Magunguna guda daya suna aiki ne kadai, amma mawuyacin kwayoyi suna iya haɗuwa da kwayar cutar shan magani, abu mai guba, ko kwayar cutar ta rediyo a cikin hanyar magani wanda ake kira anticocodal monoclonal conjugated . Ma'anar kalmar da aka haɗa shi ne "haɗe." A cikin wannan halin, an "sauke nauyin" kai tsaye zuwa ga kwayar cutar ciwon daji. Ta hanyar samun haɗin kai ga antigen a kan kwayar cutar ciwon daji da kuma fitar da "guba" (miyagun ƙwayoyi, toxin, ko kwayar rediyo) kai tsaye zuwa ga tushe, za'a iya zama ƙasawar lalacewar kyallen lafiya. Wasu magunguna a wannan rukunin da FDA ta yarda sun hada da:
- Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab): wannan shi ne wanda aka sanya shi a kan kwayar cutar shan magani don maganin ciwon nono
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin ): wannan maƙaryaci ne kuma an haɗa shi da kwayar cutar shan magani
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan): wannan antibody yana a haɗe zuwa wani ƙwayar rediyo
- Ontak ( denileukin difitox ): wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da wani ƙwayar cuta guda daya tare da toxin daga kwayoyin da ke haifar da diphtheria
Maimakon Bincike na Bincike
Maƙallan maƙarai ba suyi aiki ba ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙuƙwalwa daga tsarin rigakafi.
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, tsarin na rigakafi yana dubawa da ma'auni don kada ya fi kwarewa ko rashin fahimta. Don kiyaye shi daga overperforming-da kuma haifar da cututtuka na autoimmune-akwai wuraren bincike na hanawa tare da hanyar da ba a rigakafi wanda aka tsara, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa don ragewa ko dakatar da mota.
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, kwayoyin ciwon daji za su iya zama yaudarar kuma su yaudari tsarin. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyar da suke yin wannan ita ce ta hanyar sunadarin sunadarai. Mafarin sunadarai sune abubuwa da ake amfani dashi don ragewa ko rage jinkirin tsarin rigakafi. Tun da ciwon daji ke tashi daga kwayoyin halitta, suna da ikon yin waɗannan sunadarai amma suna amfani da su a wata hanyar da ba za ta iya tserewa daga ganowa ta hanyar rigakafi ba. PD-L1 da CTLA4 sune sunadarin sunadarai waɗanda aka bayyana a mafi yawan yawan su a kan wasu kwayoyin cututtuka A wasu kalmomi, wasu kwayoyin ciwon daji sun sami hanyar yin amfani da wadannan "sunadarai na al'ada" a cikin hanya mara kyau; Ba kamar yarinyar da ke da matsala a kan mota ba, waɗannan sunadarai sunyi matsi a kan shinge na tsarin rigakafi.
Magunguna da ake kira masu zanga-zangar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya ɗaura tare da waɗannan sunadarin sunadarai irin su PD-L1, da gaske da sake watsar da ƙuƙwalwa, don haka tsarin na rigakafi zai iya komawa zuwa aiki da kuma yakar kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
Misalan maƙallan maƙalafan da ake amfani da su yanzu ana amfani da sun hada da:
- Opdivo (nivolumab)
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
- Yervoy (Tsarimumab)
Binciken na yanzu yana duban amfanin amfani da kwayoyi biyu ko fiye a cikin wannan rukuni. Alal misali, ta hanyar amfani da PD-1 da CTLA-4 inhibitors tare (Opdivo da Yervoy) suna nuna alkawari.
Tsarin Canjin da ke Kula da Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Yari
Kwayoyin maganin kwayoyin halitta da na CAR T-cell ne hanyoyin hanyoyin rigakafi wanda ke bunkasa tsarin mu na rigakafi. A sauƙaƙe, sun juya magungunan ciwon kanji a cikin mafi yawan mayakan ta hanyar kara yawan yakin da suke yakin ko lambobi.
Zaɓin Canjin Adoptive
Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, daya daga cikin dalilan da tsarin mu na rigakafi baiyi yaki da ciwon tumuttuka ba shine cewa an rinjaye su kuma ba su da yawa. A matsayin misali, zakuyi tunanin kasancewar sojoji 10 a kan gaba da ke fuskantar magungunan dubban mutane (kwayoyin cutar kanjamau). Wadannan jiyya sunyi amfani da aikin yaki da sojoji amma ƙara karin sojoji zuwa gaba.
Tare da wadannan jiyya, likitoci sun fara cire ƙwayoyin T ɗinku daga yankin da ke kewaye da ciwon ku. Da zarar an tattara kwayoyin T ɗinku, suna girma a cikin lab (kuma suna aiki tare da cytokines). Bayan sun sami karuwan yawa, an toshe su a jikinka. Wannan magani ya haifar da kyakkyawan magani ga wasu mutane tare da melanoma.
Cibiyar T-cell TRT
Ci gaba da fasalin motar daga sama, ana iya ɗaukar farfadowa na TAR-cell T-cell a matsayin tsari na rigakafi "kunna." CAR tana tsayawa ne ga mai karfin karnin chimeric antigen. Chimeric wani lokaci ne wanda ke nufin "haɗuwa tare." A wannan farfasa, an haɗa wani antibody tare da (a haɗe zuwa) wani mai karɓar T-cell.
Kamar yadda aka canzawa hanyar canzawar kwayar halitta, ana tattara duniyoyin T da ke yankin tarin ku. Ana yin gyaran ka na T-cell don bayyana wani furotin da ake kira a matsayin mai karɓar maganin antigen na asibiti ko CAR. Wannan mai karɓa a kan t-jikinka T ya ba su damar haɗawa ga masu karɓa akan farfajiyar ciwon daji don halakar da su. A wasu kalmomi, yana taimaka wa ƙwayoyin T a cikin ganewa kwayoyin ciwon daji.
Har yanzu ba a samu hanyoyin kwantar da kwayar cutar ta CAR da aka yarda ba, amma ana gwada su a gwaji na gwaji tare da sakamako masu ƙarfafa, musamman ga cutar sankarar bargo da melanoma.
Cancer Treatment Vaccines
Magungunan maganin cututtuka sune maganin rigakafi wanda ke aiki da gaske ta hanyar tsallewar maganin rigakafi ga ciwon daji. Kuna iya jin maganin alurar rigakafi wanda zai iya taimakawa maganin ciwon daji, irin su hepatitis B da HPV, amma ana amfani da maganin alurar rigakafin ciwon daji tare da manufa daban-don kai farmaki kan ciwon daji da ya rigaya.
Lokacin da aka yi maka rigakafi, ka ce, tetanus, tsarinka na rigakafi yana fallasa ga ƙananan tarin da aka kashe. A ganin wannan, jikinka ya gane shi a matsayin kasashen waje, ya gabatar da shi zuwa wani B-cell (B-lymphocyte) wanda ya haifar da kwayoyin cutar. Idan har yanzu an sake nuna ku ga tetanus, kamar idan kun shiga wani ƙusa mai tsabta, tsarinku na rigakafi yana farawa da shirye don kai farmaki.
Akwai wasu hanyoyi da aka samar da wadannan maganin. Ana iya yin rigakafin cutar ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin tumo, ko abubuwa da kwayoyin tumatir suka samar.
Misali na maganin rigakafin ciwon daji da aka yi amfani da shi a {asar Amirka shine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) don ciwon daji na prostate. An riga an gwada maganin maganin cutar kanjamau don yawan ciwon daji, da kuma hana hana sake ciwon nono.
Tare da ciwon daji na huhu, alamun maganin biyu, CIMAvax EGF da Vaxina (racotumomab-alum), an yi nazarin su a Cuban saboda cutar kanjamau marasa ciwon ƙwayar cuta. Wadannan maganin alurar riga kafi, wanda aka samo don kara yawan rayuwa mai ci gaba a wasu mutanen da ba tare da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba , an fara fara karatu a Amurka. Wadannan maganin rigakafi sunyi aiki ta hanyar samun tsarin rigakafi don yin maganin rigakafi da magunguna masu ci gaba (EGFR). EGFR mai gina jiki ne a kan jikin kwayar halitta wadda ba a bayyana a wasu mutane da ciwon huhu na huhu ba.
Oncolytic Virus
An yi amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cututtuka na kancolytic a matsayin "tsauri don ciwon daji." Idan mukayi tunanin ƙwayoyin cuta, zamu yi la'akari da wani abu mara kyau. Kwayoyin cuta irin su kwakwalwa na yau da kullum suna shafan jikinmu ta hanyar shigar da kwayoyin, yadawa, kuma yana haifar da yaduwar kwayoyin.
Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cututtukan incolytic don su "cutar" ciwon daji. Wadannan jiyya sunyi aiki a wasu hanyoyi. Suna shigar da kwayar cutar ciwon daji, ninka kuma haifar da tantanin halitta, amma sun kuma saki antigens a cikin jini wanda ke janye karin kwayoyin jikinsu su zo su kai farmaki.
Babu wata maganin cutar ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta amma duk da haka an amince da ita a Amurka, amma ana nazarin su a gwajin gwaji don ciwon daji.
Cytokines (Mune System Modulators)
Kwayoyin tsarin na'ura marasa tsari sune nau'i na immunotherapy wanda aka samuwa har tsawon shekaru. Wadannan jiyya an kira su "marasa ƙananan immunotherapy." A wasu kalmomi, suna aiki ne don taimakawa tsarin yaduwar cutar ta yaki kowane mai haɗari, ciki har da ciwon daji. Wadannan abubuwa na sirri-cytokines- hada da interleukins (ILs) da interferons (IFNs) sun karfafa ikon da kwayoyin halitta ke fama da su.
Misalan sun hada da IL-2 da IFN-alpha wanda aka yi amfani da su da ciwon koda da kuma melanomas a cikin sauran cututtuka.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy
BCG wani nau'i ne na immunotherapy adjuvant da aka amince da shi don magance ciwon daji. BCG tana tsaye ne ga Bacillus Calmette-Guerin kuma yana maganin alurar rigakafin da aka yi amfani da shi a wasu sassa na duniya don kare kariya daga tarin fuka. Ana iya amfani da shi don magance ciwon mafitsara ƙwayar cuta. Alurar riga kafi, maimakon ba a ba shi a matsayin rigakafin rigakafi, an sanya shi a cikin mafitsara. A cikin mafitsara, maganin ya haifar da wata amsa mai mahimmanci wanda zai taimaka wajen yaki da ciwon daji.
Hanyoyin Gaba
Daya daga cikin bege ya kasance, saboda immunotherapy yana magance ciwon daji musamman, cewa waɗannan jiyya za su sami sakamako mai yawa fiye da maganin gargajiya na chemotherapy. Kamar duk hanyoyin shan magani, duk da haka, maganin rigakafin rigakafi na iya haifar da mummunan halayen, wanda ya bambanta dangane da jinsin immunotherapy da magungunan musamman. A gaskiya ma, daya daga cikin hanyoyi da wadannan alamun da aka kwatanta shine "wani abu tare da wani abu" - "shi" kasancewa ma'anar ma'ana ƙonewa.
Future
Jirgin immunotherapy yana da ban sha'awa, duk da haka muna da yawa don koyo. Abin godiya, yawan lokacin da ake ɗauka don sababbin maganin da ake amfani dashi ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji yana inganta, yayin da a baya an yi tsawon lokaci tsakanin gano kwayoyi da kuma lokacin da aka yi amfani dashi a asibiti. Tare da magunguna irin su waɗannan, waɗanda ake amfani da kwayoyi suna kallo kan wasu batutuwa da suka shafi maganin ciwon daji, wannan lokaci na cigaba ya fi guntu sosai.
Saboda haka, yin amfani da gwaji na asibiti yana canza. A baya, gwajin gwaji na farko-gwajin farko da aka gwada sabon magani a kan mutane-an dauke su fiye da "ƙoƙari na karshe". An tsara su ne a matsayin hanyar inganta kiwon lafiya ga wadanda ke nan gaba maimakon mutumin da ke cikin gwaji. Yanzu waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya ba wasu mutane damar da za su iya rayuwa tare da cutar. Ɗauki ɗan lokaci don ƙarin koyo game da gwaji na asibitoci , da kuma yadda mutane suke samun gwaji don ciwon daji .
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