Idan kuna da ciwon kumburi na kullun jikin ku na likita ko likitan ilimin likitancin jiki sun iya ambata micrometastases. A gaskiya, micrometastases suna da mahimmanci tare da kusan kowace irin ciwon daji kuma shine dalili a bayan abin da ake kira "adjuvantrapy."
Menene ainihin micrometastases kuma menene ma'anar idan kuna da micrometastases a cikin lymph nodes?
Bayani
Micrometastases ne karamin tarin ciwon daji wanda aka zubar daga ainihin ƙwayar kuma yada zuwa wani ɓangare na jiki. Ba za a iya ganin su ba tare da duk wani gwajin hoto kamar su mammogram, MRI, duban dan tayi, PET, ko CT. Wadannan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau suna iya haɗuwa tare da samar da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, wanda shine karamin cewa za'a iya ganinsa kawai a ƙarƙashin microscope.
Alamar
Kasancewar micrometastases yana da muhimmanci sosai. Ba yawanci ciwon daji na farko ba (ko a cikin nono, huhu, ko wasu yankuna na jiki) wanda shine mafi yawan lalacewa. A gaskiya ma, shi ne lokacin da ciwon daji ke yaduwa ( metastasizes ) zuwa wasu sassan jiki yayin da ya fi yawan lalacewa. Kusan kashi 90 cikin dari na mutanen da suka mutu daga ciwon daji sun mutu daga cutar da suka kamu da cutar.
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara yadawa, yana daukan zama a matsayin karamin ɓangaren ciwon daji. Wannan karamin kwayoyi na ciwon daji wanda aka sani da shi ne micrometastasis (microscopic metastasis).
Wannan jinsin ciwon daji yana da ƙananan ƙanana don a ji kuma za'a iya gani a fili a karkashin wani microscope. Wadannan gungu ba su nunawa akan duk wani gwajin hoto wanda muna samuwa a yau. A wasu kalmomi, kadai hanyar da za a sani idan micrometastases ya kasance shine cire kayan da suke da su kuma dubi nau'in nama a ƙarƙashin microscope.
Tare da kwayar cutar kumburi na lymph, yana yiwuwa a yi wannan, amma ba zai yiwu ba a cire dukkanin ƙumburi na lymph. Haka kuma ba zai yiwu a cire wasu sassan jiki ba don neman yadawa. Ba zamu iya fitar da kututtukan mutum, hanta, da kasusuwa ga mutum don neman duk wata shaida na ciwon sukari ba. Wannan shine tunanin bayan adjuvant chemotherapy ko adjuvant radiation far. Lokacin da ciwon sukari ya kasance na musamman ko kuma idan ya yada zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, an ɗauka cewa akwai ƙananan metastases a wasu wurare a jikin da ba a iya gano su ba tukuna. Ana jin cewa ciwace-ciwacen da suka hadu da kwayar cutar da kuma girma ba tare da magungunan asalin sun fara kamar wadannan ƙwayoyin magungunan ciwon daji ba.
Micrometastases ne dalilin magunguna irin su adjuvant chemotherapy ko adjuvant radiation far. Ana amfani da wadannan jiyya bayan an cire tumɓir na farko zuwa "tsabtace" duk wani micrometastases kusa da asalin ciwon sukari (via radiation) ko a ko'ina cikin jiki inda zasu iya tafiya (ta hanyar radiation).
Micrometastases da raunin Tumatir Cells
Idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin mafi yawan cututtuka, micrometastases koma zuwa wadannan kwayoyin da ake zaton sun yi tafiya (metastasized) daga kututture amma ba'a iya ganewa ta hanyar nazarin hotunan da muka samu yanzu.
Ƙarin rarraba wadannan ƙananan yankuna na yaduwa yana amfani dashi wajen magana game da cututtuka na jikin mutum da ciwon nono. A cikin wannan wuri, an gano micrometastases a matsayin gungu na kwayar cutar ciwon da ke tsakanin 0.2 mm (millimeters) a diamita da 2.0 mm a diamita. Ya bambanta, "Kwayoyin tumatir ne" sune gunguwar kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji wadanda basu karami ba tukuna; kasa da 0.2 mm a diamita.
Micrometastases a cikin Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Ga matan da ke fama da ciwon daji wanda ba su da shaida na kumburi na lymph a kan jarraba ko duban dan tayi, wani ƙwayar kullun kwayar jinji ya zama abin kulawa.
A cikin wannan hanya, dye mai launin shudi (wanda aka lakafta shi don haka ana iya gano shi a hankali) an allura shi cikin kututture kuma a yarda ya tafi. Lokacin da ciwon daji ke yaduwa daga ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyin cuta, yakan yadu zuwa ƙananan lymph a cikin yanayin da aka iya gani.
Ta hanyar yin biopsy na kodin kullun ko ƙuƙwalwa-ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ciwon daji ke tafiya zuwa-mata da yawa suna kare cikakkiyar lalata ƙwayar lymph node (cire duk ko yawa daga cikin ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin armpit). Tunda cikakkiyar rarraba axillary zai iya haifar da rikitarwa irin su lymphedema , wannan tsari zai iya kare wasu mata wannan rikitarwa.
Bincike yana gudana don gano muhimmancin micrometastases a cikin kumbun sakonni. Ya zuwa yanzu an san cewa macrometastases (metastases mafi girma fiye da 2.0 mm) ya kara da prognoosis na cutar. Haka kuma an gano cewa bayyanar da mata da ke da micrometastases zuwa ga kumburi na sirri suna da matsala fiye da mata wadanda ba su da wata alamar ƙwayar cutar a cikin wadannan kwayoyin lymph. Ya bambanta, matan da suka rabu da kwayoyin tumo a cikin kumbun kullun (ta hanyar ma'anar sashen kwayoyin tumo da basu wuce 0.2 mm a diamita) ba su da alamar ganewa mummunar mummunar mace fiye da mace ba tare da shaidar alamomi ga kumburi ba.
Samun wannan bayanin zai iya taimaka wa masu bincike su kara koyo game da abin da mata za su buƙaci cikakken yaduwar ƙwayar lymph, wanda kuma mata suyi la'akari da maganin ciwon nono.
Layin Ƙasa
A cikin yanayin ciwon nono, gano magungunan micrometastases yana da mahimmanci wajen zabar maganin lafiya. Ciwon daji wanda ya fara tafiya don a iya samun gungun kwayar cutar kanjamau a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar lymph wanda zai iya yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci don zama mafi muni da amfani da maganin ilimin chemotherapy da / ko radiation (don kawar da gungun kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji kawai ba kawai a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph kusa ba, amma wadanda zasu iya tafiya zuwa ƙasusuwan, hanta, ko wasu yankuna).
Duk da haka micrometastases yana da mahimmanci mahimmanci tare da kusan kowane ciwon daji. Wadannan jigon farko na ciwon daji wanda ke tafiya daga ainihin ƙwayar jiki, sau da yawa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph, sa'an nan kuma zuwa wasu sassan jiki kamar su huhu, kasusuwa, hanta, kwakwalwa, ko sauran yankuna. Idan za mu iya ganowa sannan kuma mu kawar da micrometastases za mu iya kawar da dalilin kashi 90 cikin dari na mutuwar daji.
> Sources:
> Mayer, E., da L. Dominici. Ciwon daji na Acerilla Axillary: Mafi Girma Game da Cutar Micrometastatic. Journal of Clinical Oncology . 2015. 33 (10): 1095-7.
> Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Tsarin Ciwon Kankara (PDQ) -Shijin Harkokin Kyau. Updated 10/13/17.
> Tvedskov, T., Meretoia, T., Jensen, B., Leidenius, M., da N. Kroman. Tabbatarwa ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki na uku don ba da izini ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya na nono. Jarida ta Turai game da ilimin binciken kwayoyin halitta . 2014. 40 (4): 435-41.