An Bayani game da Ciwon Kankara
Kwayar huhu ne babbar hanyar ciwon daji a duniya, tare da mutane miliyan 1.8 da aka gano a kowace shekara.
A Amurka, cutar kanjamau ita ce mafi yawan cutar ciwon daji a cikin mata, bayan da ya wuce ciwon nono a shekara ta 1987 a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da mutuwar cutar kanjamau. Har ila yau, mafi yawan cututtukan da ke fama da cutar ciwon daji a cikin maza , kashe mutane fiye da ciwon gurguwar jini, ciwon daji, da ciwon daji da aka hada. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 27 cikin dari na mutuwar cutar kanjamau a Amurka suna da cutar ciwon huhu.
> Bayani akan matakai na ciwon daji na huhu.
Kafin kowa yayi watsi da wadannan lambobi saboda shan taba kadai, yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa ko da an haramta shan taba a yau, har yanzu muna da ciwon huhu. Labaran ciwon huhu a wadanda ba su taba shan taba ba shine asali na shida na cutar ciwon daji a Amurka. A gaskiya ma, mayar da hankali ga katsewar shan taba kamar yadda hanyar magance cutar kanjamau ta, ta wasu hanyoyi, ta rufe binciken bincike a cikin wasu dalilai.
Mene ne Ciwon Cutar Canjin?
Maganin ciwon huhu ya samo asali ne a cikin kyallen takalma daga cikin huhu ko kuma kwayoyin dake rufe hanyoyi (bronchi). Waɗannan kwayoyin suna farawa kuma suna kama da kwayar cutar ciwon huhu a karkashin na'urar microscope, banda ga canje-canje da suka faru a cikin hanyar zama cancerous.
Idan ciwon huhu ya yadu zuwa wasu yankuna na jiki, kwayoyin sun kasance kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Alal misali, idan ciwon huhu ya yadu zuwa kwakwalwa, kwayoyin da aka karɓa daga masarautar (girma) a cikin kwakwalwa za a iya gane su a matsayin kwayar cutar ciwon huhu na huhu a karkashin na'urar microscope. Da bambanci, wasu ciwace-ciwacen da ke farawa a wasu sassa na jiki kuma yada (metastasize) zuwa ga huhu.
Ana kiransa wannan ciwon ciwon daji ne a cikin huhu kuma ba cutar ciwon huhu ba. Misali zai zama ciwon nono wanda ya yada ga huhu. Wannan ba za a kira shi ciwon daji ba, amma "ciwon nono yana cikin kwayar cutar."
Anatomy na ciwon huhu Ciwon daji
Ciwon daji na huhu zai iya faruwa a ko'ina a cikin huhu. Kwayar da ta dace tana da lobes uku da hagu na hagu, lobes biyu.
Idan muka dauki numfashin iska, sai ta shiga ta hanci da bakinmu, sai muka ratsa ta hanyar trachea (winduppe) sannan kuma a cikin magunguna. Daga nan sai ya tafi ta hanyar bronchus zuwa ko dai dama ko hagu na hagu. Da zarar a cikin bronchi, iska ta yi tafiya ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin lantarki da kuma cikin alvaoli -tiny jakar iska a cikin huhu wanda ta hanyar musayar carbon dioxide da oxygen. Capillaries (mafi karami na jini) kewaye da alveoli, samun iskar oxygen don ɗaukar shi zuwa sauran jikin. Cancer na iya faruwa a ko'ina a cikin numfashi na numfashi daga manyan bronchi zuwa ga alveoli.
Yaya Ciwon Cutar Canjin Mafi yawan?
Abin baƙin ciki, ciwon daji ne na kowa a ko'ina cikin duniya. Bugu da } ari, } asashen da ke fama da ciwon daji a dukan duniya sun ha] a da Hungary, Serbia da Koriya. Da yake kallon cutar kanjamau a cikin mata, duk da haka, ana samuwa mafi girma a Denmark, kuma Kanada da kuma Amurka gaba ɗaya suka biyo baya.
Wane ne yake cutar kwari?
Yawan shekarun shekarun daji na ciwon huhu shine 70, kuma kashi 80 cikin dari na mutanen da ke ciwon ciwon huhu na huhu sun yi kyauta, amma:
Maganin ciwon huhu ya auku a cikin mata - Mataye sun fi dacewa su mutu daga ciwon daji na huhu fiye da ciwon daji, kuma abin da ke fama da cutar kanjamau a cikin mata ya kusan kama shi a cikin maza. A shekarar 2016 an kiyasta cewa mutane 85,920 da 72,160 mata zasu mutu daga ciwon huhu na huhu. A kwatanta, mata 40,450 za su mutu daga ciwon nono.
Maganin ciwon huhu ya faru a cikin wadanda basu taba shan taba - Kuma yayin da ciwon huhu na mahaifa a cikin maza da suka kyafaffen ya ragewa, ciwon huhu a cikin masu shan taba ba ya karuwa. An kiyasta cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na matan da ke bunkasa ciwon huhu a cikin Amurka ba taba taba shan taba ba, kuma lamarin ya karu zuwa kashi 50 a duniya.
Maganin ciwon huhu ya faru ne a cikin matasan - An kiyasta cewa kashi 13.4 cikin dari na ciwon huhu a cikin tsofaffi yana da shekaru 40. Duk da yake wannan lambar na iya zama karami, idan aka kwatanta da yadda cutar ciwon huhu ke gaba, ba haka ba. Idan aka kwatanta wannan, kimanin matasa 21,000 za su mutu daga ciwon huhu a wannan shekara (sake kwatanta wannan zuwa 40,450 mutuwar nono na mata na kowane lokaci.) Bugu da ƙari, mata suna da alaƙa fiye da maza don bunkasa ciwon huhu a lokacin ƙuruciyar, kuma ciwon huhu a cikin matasa yana karuwa.
Kwayoyin Cutar Canjin
Akwai nau'i guda biyu na ciwon huhu na huhu:
- Magungunan ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin cutar yafi kowa, yana da alhakin kashi 80 zuwa 85 cikin cutar. Wannan shi ne irin ciwon daji na huhu da aka samo a cikin masu shan taba, mata da matasa.
- Ƙananan ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta yana da alhakin kashi 15 cikin 100 na ciwon huhu na huhu. Wadannan cututtukan huhu suna da matukar damuwa kuma ba za a samu ba sai sun riga sun yada (musamman ga kwakwalwa). Yawancin lokaci sukan karɓa sosai don maganin cutar shan-jiji amma suna fama da rashin lafiya.
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Mene ne Rayuwar Survival na Kowace Ciwon Cutar Cancer?
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Ciwon Cancer vs. Salihai Na al'ada: Yaya Suke Bambanta?
Magungunan ciwon huhu na ƙananan ƙwayar cutar ba a kara zuwa kashi uku ba:
- Lung adenocarcinoma - Adulcincinoma na huhu ne ke da alhakin rabi marasa ciwon ƙwayar cutar kwayar cuta kuma a halin yanzu shine cutar sankarar mafi yawan ƙwayar cuta. Har ila yau, shi ne mafi yawan irin ciwon daji na huhu da aka samo a cikin mata, da matasa, da kuma mutanen da ba su shan taba.
- Mamancin kwayar cutar da kwayar cutar ta jiki - Kanjamau mai ciwon sikila ne wanda ya kasance mafi yawan kwayar cutar kanjamau, amma yanayin da ya faru ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wani ɓangare na tunani shi ne cewa kariyar filtaniya zuwa taba sigari ya halicci wannan motsi. Magungunan cututtuka na sel sun kasance suna faruwa a ko kusa da manyan hanyoyi na sama - na farko da aka nuna akan hayaki daga taba. Adenocarcinomas na huhu, da bambanci, yawanci suna samun zurfi a cikin huhu, inda hayaki daga cigaba da aka sarrafa zai daidaita.
- Babban ciwon huhu na ciwon huhu - Babban ƙwayoyin salula daga cikin huhu suna kara girma a cikin yankuna na waje. Wadannan suna yawan ci gaba da ciwon sukari da sauri.
Sauran magungunan ciwon huhu na jikin mahaifa sun hada da ciwon sukari da cutar neuroendocrine.
Alamai da cututtukan cututtukan ciwon huhu
Samun sani game da alamun farko da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon huhu shine dole ne ga kowa saboda dalilai guda biyu:
- Babu jarrabawar gwaje-gwaje ga kowa da kowa, don haka kawai hanyar da mafi yawancin mutane ke gano wadannan cututtuka da wuri-lokacin da suka fi dacewa-suna sanin alamun. Rahotanni na baya-bayan nan sun nuna mana cewa yawancin mutane a Amurka ba su da masaniya game da waɗannan alamu.
- Domin ciwon daji ne na kowa. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, cutar kanjamau shine babbar hanyar mutuwa a cikin maza da mata da duk wanda yake da damuwa yana cikin haɗari.
Gaba ɗaya, mafi yawan alamu sun hada da:
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi tare da aiki
- babban tari
- cinye jini
- rashin asarar rashin daidaituwa
- zafi ciwo
Na lura cewa irin ciwon daji na huhu ya canza a tsawon shekaru, kuma tare da wannan, mafi yawan alamun bayyanar cututtuka. A baya, ciwon daji na huhu kamar su karamin kwayar jini da ƙananan ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyi sun fi kowa. Wadannan cututtukan suna girma a kusa da manyan hanyoyi na huhu da kuma haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a farkon mawuyacin tari da kuma karar jini. Yanzu, adenocarcinoma na huhu, ƙwayar da ke ci gaba da girma a cikin yankunan da ke cikin ƙananan huhu shine mafi yawancin. Wadannan cututtukan sunyi girma na dogon lokaci kafin su haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, wanda zai iya haɗa da rashin tausayi na rashin tausayi, rashin asarar nauyi, da kuma ma'anar rashin lafiya.
Binciken asali da ƙaddamarwa
Za'a iya amfani da haɗin nazari na hoto, ciki har da CT, MRI, da PET scans don tantance cutar kanjamau. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da kwayar cutar ta huhu don sanin irin ciwon daji na huhu.
Kula da hankali game da yadda ake fama da ciwon huhu na huhu-yana da muhimmanci a tsara tsarin tsarin kulawa. Magungunan ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin halitta ya rushe kashi biyar: mataki na 0 zuwa mataki na IV. Ƙananan ciwon huhu na ciwon huhu ya rushe zuwa kashi biyu kawai: mataki mai iyaka da matakai mai zurfi.
Sanadin Ciwon Kankara
Gaskiya ne, shan shan taba yana da mahimmancin cutar ciwon huhu, amma yana lura da kididdigar sama, akwai wasu muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon huhu na huhu .
Rawanin radon a gida shi ne babban abu na biyu na cutar ciwon huhu da kuma abin da ya fi dacewa a cikin wadanda ba masu shan taba ba. Duk wani gida a Amurka (ko a ko'ina cikin duniya don wannan al'amari) yana iya fuskantar haɗari, kuma hanya ɗaya ta san shine yin gwajin radon. Radon wani gas marar lahani, marar inganci wanda ya haifar da lalacewa na uranium a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin gidajenmu. An kiyasta cewa mutuwar mutane 27,000 da ke fama da cutar kanjamau ya faru a kowace shekara a Amurka kadai kuma kashi 15 cikin 100 na magunguna a duk duniya suna da dangantaka da radon hotuna.
Sauran cututtukan kanjamau 7,000 na faruwa a kowace shekara saboda hayaki na gaba. Sauran haddasawa da kuma yiwuwar haɗuwa sun haɗa da halayen sana'a, gurɓataccen iska, hayaki na itace, da kuma dafa abinci tare da rashin lafiya. Kwanan nan an gano cewa ɗan adam papillomavirus (HPV) - kwayar cutar da ke haifar da ciwon sankarar mahaifa - an hade da wasu ciwon huhu, ko da yake ba haka ba ne idan wannan yana iya kasancewa a cikin hanyar.
Yaya Yaya Ciwon Cutar Canjin Fara?
Magunguna na huhu yana farawa da yawa kafin ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kuma an gano shi. Sel a cikin huhu suna iya zama ciwon daji bayan sunyi jerin jerin maye gurbi wanda ya canza su cikin kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Sauyawar jinsin-ko canje-canje a cikin DNA na sel-za'a iya gadonta (a matsayin tushen rigakafi ) ko samu (lalacewa sakamakon sakamakon yaduwa ga carcinogens (abubuwa masu cutar ciwon daji) a cikin yanayin. dalilan da aka gano da juna tare da ciwo da ciwon huhu: Mutane da yawa suna ciwon ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa ba tare da taba taba taba taba ba, wasu kuma suna shan taba duk rayuwarsu kuma basu cigaba da cutar ciwon huhu.
Maganin ciwon huhu yana farawa-ƙwayar ƙari tana samo asali - lokacin da kwayar cutar ciwon daji ta zama ta jiki a hanya; Kwayoyin rarraba da ninuwa daga iko. Kodayen mu na al'ada an tsara su ta hanyar jerin lambobi da ma'auni.
Ta Yaya Cutar Tsutsa Cikin Ciki Cike da Tsara
Daya daga cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin ciwon daji da kuma ciwon huhu na huhu, kamar yadda aka sani, shine kwayoyin cutar kanjamau suna da ikon karyawa da kuma yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Wannan yada, a gaskiya, shine dalilin yawan mutuwar daji. Daya daga cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau da kwayoyin halitta shine cewa kwayoyin ciwon daji ba su da "tsayawa." Kwayoyin al'ada suna samar da abubuwa da zasu sa su zauna tare. Idan ba tare da wannan tsalle ba, kwayoyin cutar kanjamau za su iya tafiya da girma a wasu yankuna, kazalika da mamaye hanyoyi masu kusa.
Akwai hanyoyi guda hudu na yaduwar cutar huhu . Yana iya "mamaye" kyallen takarda a gida. Ba kamar ƙwayar ciwon daji ba wanda zai iya matsawa da kayan da ke kusa da su, to lallai kwayoyin cutar za su shiga cikin takalma a kusa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ake kira "ciwon daji," wanda aka samo shi daga furucin kalma; ciwon daji zai iya aika da kariyar crablike a cikin takalma na kusa.
Kwayoyin cutar ciwon huhu na iya ƙetare kuma yada ta jini ko kuma lymphatic tsarin zuwa wuraren da ke da nisa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano cewa cutar kanjamau na iya tafiya da kuma yada ta cikin hanyoyi a cikin huhu.
Shin Ciwon Cutar Lungu Ya Zama Nesa?
Kodayake yana da wuya sosai, cutar kanjamau ta yi, a wasu lokuta, kawai tafi. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci gafarar ciwon daji. Masu bincike suna bin wannan binciken su koyi yadda tsarin mu na rigakafi yana aiki don kawar da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau, kuma zayyana jiyya bisa ga ka'idar.
Lung Cancer Screening
Har sai kwanan nan, ba mu da gwajin gwajin cutar kanjamau, amma wannan ya canza. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa hasken rayukan kirji ba gwajin gwaje-gwaje ne cikakke kamar yadda waɗannan basu kasa karbar ciwon huhu a wani mataki a farkon isa don inganta rayuwa. Maganar Cutar Toshin Lung ne yanzu an ba da shawarar ga mutanen da suka:
- suna tsakanin shekarun 55 zuwa 80
- kyafaffen don akalla tsawon shekaru 30 (an ƙayyade shekara ɗaya ta hanyar ninka yawan adadin cigaban sigari kyafaffen yau da kullum yawan shekarun shan taba)
- ci gaba da shan taba ko barin cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata
Ga mutanen da ke da wasu abubuwan haɗari, kamar tarihin iyali na ciwon huhu da ciwon huhu, tarihin COPD, ko wasu abubuwan haɗari don ciwon huhu na huhu, ana iya yin la'akari. An kiyasta cewa idan duk wanda ya cancanci yin nazari akan wadannan gwaje-gwaje, za'a iya rage yawan kwayar cutar ta jiki daga cutar kanjamau kashi 20 cikin 100.
A ina Yaya Ciwon Cutar Canjin Tasawa?
Mafi shafukan yanar-gizon ciwon daji na ciwon huhu na ciki sun hada da kwakwalwa, kasusuwa, hanta, da kuma glandon. Wasu nau'in ciwon huhu na huhu - alal misali, cutar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta-an gano su ne bayan da ciwon daji ya riga ya yada. Labaran ciwon huhu yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa zai iya yada ga ƙasusuwan hannun da ƙafa.
Ciwon daji na huhu
Yanayin maganin cutar kanjamau sun inganta sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Tiyata - Akwai tiyata da dama na tiyata wanda za a iya yi, dangane da girman da wuri na ƙwayar cuta.
- Tsarin radiation - Za a iya ba da maganin radiation a matsayin mai haɗuwa ga tiyata, don rage yawan ciwo ko kuma karfin jirgin sama saboda ciwon daji, ko kuma a cikin manyan canje-canje zuwa yankin da aka gano a kokarin ƙoƙarin magance ciwon daji (radiotherapy body radiotherapy.)
- Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy yawanci yana amfani da hade da magunguna don magance cutar kanjamau.
- Magungunan da aka tsara - Duk wanda ke fama da ciwon huhu ya kamata ya yi amfani da kwayar cutar kwayoyin (gwajin gwaji) a kan ciwon sukari. Anyi amfani da kwayoyi masu magungunan ci gaba don mutanen da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari da wasu maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta ciki har da maye gurbin EGFR, gyaran ALK, da ROS1 sake fasalin. Tuntuɓi mai ilimin likitancinka don jerin jerin maye gurbin.
- Immunotherapy - A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yarda da kwayoyi biyu na rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi don maganin cutar kanjamau. A wasu lokuta, wadannan kwayoyi sun haifar da rayuwa mai dorewa har ma wadanda ke da ciwon ciwon huhu na ciwon huhu.
Wani sabon nau'i ne na kula da ciwon daji yana wakiltar kulawa mai ban tsoro. Ana kula da kulawa mai kyau don magance dukan bukatun likita don mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji, ciki har da jiki, da tunanin juna, da kuma taimakon ruhaniya. Ba kamar kulawa na asibiti ba, ana iya amfani da kulawa da kariya ga kowa, koda kuwa kuna da ciwon daji wanda aka dauka mai dadi. Binciken farko sun gano cewa, ban da inganta rayuwar mutane, wannan kulawa na iya inganta rayuwar.
Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci irin su acupuncture na iya taimakawa mutane su magance bayyanar cututtuka da suka zo da ciwon daji da jiyya. Wadannan maganin haɗin gwiwa yanzu suna samuwa a cibiyoyin ciwon daji da yawa.
Idan Kwanan nan An Bincika Da Ciwon Cutar Kwayar Wuta
Idan an gaya muku kwanan nan cewa kuna da ciwon huhu na huhu, za ku iya tsoratar da ku kuma ba dan kadan ba. Koyo kamar yadda za ka iya game da ciwon daji za su iya taimaka maka ka ji daɗin kulawarka, kuma taimake ka ka taka rawar gani a kulaka. Binciken ciwon daji. Samun ga abokai da iyali kuma ka ba su damar taimaka maka da abubuwan da za ka iya wakilci. Koyi yadda za a yi shawara don kanka a matsayin ciwon daji .
Kuna iya jin daɗin zama yayin da kake fuskantar wani abu ba wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar kaunataccen iya fahimta. Kasancewa cikin kungiyoyi masu tallafi na ciwon daji da kuma al'ummomi na iya ba ka damar haɗi da wasu waɗanda suke tafiya irin wannan hanya. Wa] annan kungiyoyi ne kuma hanya mai kyau don ci gaba da sabuntawa game da binciken da aka yi game da cutar kanjamau.
Ɗauki lokaci don kuta kanka, kuma ka gafartawa kanka idan kuna jin dadi. Babu wanda ya san yadda za su ji sai idan an gano su. Halin motsin zuciyarka da ke fuskanta zai iya sauya bakan daga bakin ciki don fushi, da matsanancin damuwa-wani lokacin a cikin minti kadan kawai. Bincika waɗannan matakai na farko don lokacin da aka saba gano ku .
Idan Wanda Kana Ƙaunata yana da Ciwo Tsutsa
Idan dan kaunarka maimakon kanka wanda aka gano shi da ciwon huhu na huhu, to wani lokaci ma zai fi wuya a magance shi. A saman ganewar asali, zaka iya jin damuwar abin da za ka yi. A lokaci guda da kake fama da tsoro da baƙin ciki, motsin zuciyar wanda kake ƙauna yana iya rikicewa har ma da damuwa. Bincika wadannan tunani game da " lokacin da mai ƙaunatacciyar kwari ya kamu da ciwon huhu " wanda mutane da suka rayu tare da cutar sun raba abin da suke son 'yan uwa sun san.
Kalma Daga
Halin cutar kanjamau yana canzawa. Domin shekaru da yawa, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu na huhu sun damu da ba kawai lalacewar ciwon huhu na huhu ba ne kawai "rashin lafiyar mahaukaci" amma labarin da yake da cewa yana da kisa. Wannan lalacewar yana canzawa yayin da jama'a ke sane da cewa duk wanda ke da huhu zai iya samun ciwon huhu na huhu. Halin na rayuwa yana canzawa, yayin da jama'a ke koyon sababbin sababbin maganin da aka amince da su kwanan nan. Bugu da ƙari, da sababbin jiyya da aka amince da su a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce, akwai ƙwayoyi fiye da 100 da ake nazarin su a gwaji na asibiti.
Har yanzu muna da hanyar da za mu tafi, amma mutane da yawa suna tsira-kuma suna ci gaba-yayin da suke tare da wannan cuta. Akwai mai yawa bege.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Ciwon Magunguna da Ma'aikata 2016. http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2016/
Ƙungiyar Lung Association ta Amurka. Lung Cancer Fact Sheet. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/learn-about-lung-cancer/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html
Pass J, Carbone D, Johnson D. et al. Ka'idoji da Kwarewar Ciwon Kankara . 4th Ed. Williams da Wilkins: 2010.