Ciwon cututtuka, ganewar asali, jiyya, da kuma ƙwarewar cutar ciwon ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta
Mamancin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar da kwayar cutar ita ce wani nau'i na marasa ciwon mahaifa . Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar kanjamau na kimanin kashi 80 na kwayar cutar huhu, kuma daga cikin wadannan, kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari ne carcinomas cell cell .
Bayani
Kwayar ƙarancin ƙwayar cellular jiki ta fara ne a cikin kyallen takalmin da ke cikin layi a cikin cikin huhu. Ana kuma san shi da epidermoid carcinoma.
Yawancin carcinomas cell ne da yawa suna cikin tsakiya, yawanci a cikin ƙananan bronchi wanda ya shiga trachea zuwa ga huhu.
Kwayoyin carcinomas masu sassauci suna da alaka da shan taba fiye da wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin cutar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar jikin mutum kuma sun fi kowa a cikin maza fiye da mata. Suna yaduwa da sauri, kuma saboda an samo su a baya fiye da sauran cututtuka na ciwon huhu. Lalacewar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta jiki ta ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da wani nau'i na ciwon huhu na huhu, adenocarcinoma ya kasance kara. Wasu suna tsammanin cewa adadin maganin cigaba don cigaba yana ba da damar hayaƙi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ƙwayar cutar inda adenocarcinomas ke faruwa. Wadannan cututtuka na iya, duk da haka, suna faruwa har ma a cikin mutanen da ba su taɓa shan taba ba.
Subtypes
Magungunan ƙwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta ƙara rabawa zuwa kashi 4 a cikin abin da suke kama da su a karkashin kwayar halitta da yadda suke nunawa.
Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Na farko
- Na gargajiya
- Sakataren
- Basal
Mun san cewa akwai bambancin rayuwa tsakanin waɗannan subtypes amma kawai suna koyo game da yadda kowane nau'i zai iya amsa daban-daban ga kwayoyi daban-daban. Yawancin subtypes sun amsa akalla daya daga cikin magunguna masu amfani da ilimin chemotherapy. Wani banda zai iya kasancewa asibiti mai cututtuka.
Wannan subtype ba shi da mahimmanci ga ƙwayoyin cutar chemotherapy da aka saba amfani da shi saboda yana cigaba da girma (kuma chemotherapy yana da tasiri sosai a kan ciwon cancers da sauri saboda yana sa ran rarraba kwayoyin halitta).
Cutar cututtuka
Alamar da aka saba da alamun daji na ciwon huhu da ciwon huhu sun hada da tarihin tarihin, tarijin jini, rashin ƙarfi, da kuma raguwa. Tun da yawancin carcinomas cellular sun kasance a kusa da manyan hanyoyi, suna jawo hankalin bayyanar cutar a baya fiye da sauran cututtuka na huhu. Rashin iska na iska zai iya haifar da cututtuka irin su ciwon huhu, ko rushewa daga ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta ( atelectasis ), kuma kamuwa da cututtuka irin na ciwon huhu na iya zama alamar farko da cewa wani abu ya faru.
Kwayar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cell ne mafi mahimmanci dalilin wani abu da aka sani da ciwo na Pancoast ko ciwo mai sulcus mai sulhu. Ƙungiyar Pancoast yana haifar da ciwon huhu da zai fara kusa da saman huhu da kuma mamaye sassa a kusa, kamar jijiyoyi. Kwayar cututtuka sun haɗa da zafi da ke kunnuwan da ke kunnuwan da hannu, rauni ko jinƙai a cikin hannayensu, flushing ko sweating a gefe ɗaya fuska, da kuma fatar ido (Horner's syndrome).
Mutane da yawa tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna da ƙila su fuskanci matakin ƙwayar maɗaukaki ( hypercalcemia ) wanda zai iya haifar da rauni da tsoka.
Hypercalcemia yana daya daga cikin bayyanar cututtuka na ciwo na paraneoplastic kuma an lalacewa ta hanyar ciwon da ke ɓoye nau'in abu mai kama da hormone wanda yake taso da matakin allura a cikin jini.
Sanin asali
Magungunan ƙwayar kwayar halitta mai ƙwayar cuta na huhu shine sau da farko da ake zargi idan ana ganin ananan abubuwa akan x-ray. Ƙarin bayani na iya haɗawa da:
- Ct Ct Scan
- Sputum Cytology . Tun da yawancin carcinomas cellular sukan shiga cikin iska, wani samfurin sputum yana iya gane kwayar cutar ciwon daji
- Bronchoscopy
- PET Scan . Binciken PET shine jarrabawar "aikin" da aka tsara domin neman ci gaba da ciwon sukari da yawa kuma ana yin sau da yawa domin neman duk wani shaidar yaduwa (metastasis)
- Endobronchial Duban dan tayi . Anyi amfani da duban dan tayi ta hanyar amfani da bincike na musamman a yayin da ake amfani da bronchoscopy.
Dangane da sakamakon, likitanku na so su samo samfurin nama ( kwayar huhu ) don tabbatar da ganewar asali kuma zai umurce ƙarin gwaje-gwajen don bincika idan ciwon daji ya yada.
Tsarin
Magungunan ƙwayar kwayar halitta mai ƙwayar cuta daga cikin huhu yana rushe zuwa kashi 4:
- Sashe na 1 - Cutar ciwon daji yana cikin cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma ba ta yada zuwa ga duk wani ƙwayar lymph
- Sashe na 2 - Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ko kuma rufin huhu, ko kuma yana cikin wani yanki na babban mashusa
- Sashe na 3 - Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa nama kusa da huhu
- Sashe na 4 - Ciwon daji ya yada (metastasized) zuwa wani ɓangare na jiki, wuraren da aka fi sani da kasusuwa, kwakwalwa, hanta, ko glandes.
Doctors kuma sunyi amfani da wani, hanya mafi ban tsoro don yanke shawara a kan mataki na cutar kanjamau da ake kira TNM . A cikin wannan suna kallon girman ƙwayar cutar (wanda T ta wakilta), ko a cikin mahaukaci sun shafi, inda kuma da yawa (wakilcin N), kuma ko tarin ya yadu (metastasized) zuwa yankunan jiki a waje daga cikin huhu, ko kuma zuwa sauran ƙwayar cuta (wakilin M). Alal misali, likitanku na iya bayyana cutar kanjin ku kamar T3N2M0.
Dalilin
Magungunan ƙwayar jikin kwayar cutar da kwayar cutar ita ce irin ciwon daji na ciwon huhu da ke da alaƙa da shan taba , amma wasu dalilai na iya taimakawa. Rawanin radon a cikin gida shine abu na biyu na cutar ciwon huhu. Harkokin aikin sana'a, irin su man fetur din diesel da mafi mahimmanci mahimmancin haɗari ne a cikin ci gaba da ciwon sikila na kwayar cutar.
Kwayoyin halittar na iya taka rawa, kuma hadarin ciwon daji na huhu ya karu ga mutanen da ke da sauran 'yan uwa da cutar.
Jiyya
Dangane da mataki na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayar cutar daga cikin huhu, magani na iya haɗa da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiationrapy, maganin farfado, immunotherapy, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan. Yawancin gwaje-gwaje masu gwaji suna ci gaba da neman sababbin hanyoyin da za su magance wannan ciwon daji kuma don taimakawa wajen yanke shawara ko wane magani ne mafi tasiri.
Tiyata
Yin aikin tiyata na kwakwalwa na iya yiwuwa ga ƙwayar ƙwayar mota. Tare da mataki na 1A ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu na suturar jiki, tiyata kadai zai iya zama mai jinƙai. Za'a iya daukar nauyin tiyata ga waɗanda ke da mataki 1B, mataki na II, da kuma ciwon daji na 3A, wanda ake haɗuwa tare da chemotherapy da radiation far. Wasu lokuta, ƙwayar cutar ba zata iya farawa ba amma zai iya rage girmansa tare da maganin ilimin chemotherapy da / ko radiation na farfado don haka tiyata zai yiwu. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ilimin chemotherapy don rage yawan ciwon sukari kafin aikin tiyata an kira shi "neoadjuvant chemotherapy." Kwanan nan, an nuna nasarar ta hanyar amfani da rigakafin rigakafi don rage ƙwayar cutar marar inganci don yin aikin tiyata.
Chemotherapy
Ana iya amfani da kwayar cutar kwarewa kadai, tare da radiationrapy, ko kafin ko bayan tiyata don ciwon huhu na huhu. Mamancin kwayar halitta mai ƙwayar cuta daga cikin huhu yana amsawa da bambanci fiye da sauran cututtuka na huhu irin su adenocarcinoma zuwa magunguna na shan magani. Magungunan magunguna da aka yi amfani da su a farkon wannan irin ciwon daji sun hada da Platinol (cisplatin) da Gemzar (gemcitabine). Ga wadanda suka amsa maganin, ci gaba ( gyaran maganin ) tare da Tarceva (erlotinib) ko Alimta (pemetrexed) za'a iya amfani dasu.
Radiation Far
Za a iya amfani da farfadowar radiation don magance ciwon daji ko kuma kula da bayyanar cututtuka da suka danganci yaduwar ciwon daji. Za a iya ba da radiation a waje, ko kuma cikin gida ( farfadowa ) wanda an kawo kayan abu na radiyo zuwa wani yanki na ƙwayar jiki a yayin da yake da ƙwaya.
Manufar Target
Kila ka ji game da amfani da magungunan da aka yi niyya don bi da maye gurbin EGFR a cikin huhu adenocarcinoma. EGFR, ko kuma mai cikewar factor factor factor, shine hade mai gina jiki wanda ke cikin haɗarin ciwon ciwon daji. Kwayar kwayar halitta mai ƙananan ƙwayar cutar za a iya bi da shi ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar EGFR, amma ta hanyar daban daban.
Maimakon ƙaddamar da maye gurbin EGFR, maganin anti-EGFR wani nau'i ne na kwayoyi da ake amfani dashi don ɗaure ga EGFR a waje da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Lokacin da aka daidaita EGFR, hanyar da za ta nuna cewa tantanin halitta ta yi girma ba ta daina. An amince da Portrazza (necitumumab) a shekara ta 2015 don amfani tare da chemotherapy don ciwon sukari mai ƙwayar cuta. Gwajin gwaji suna kimantawa da sauran kwayoyi, irin su afatinib da sauransu don maganin cutar kanjamau.
Immunotherapy
An riga an yarda da kwayoyin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi don maganin cutar kanjamau a shekara ta 2015, kuma a yanzu anyi amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi a gwaji na asibiti.
A shekarar 2015, an yarda da maganin rigakafin rigakafi na farko don mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta. Magunguna Opdivo (nivolumab) wani nau'i ne na immunotherapy wanda, sau da yawa, ya inganta yanayin da ke jikin mu na iya yaki da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
Don fahimtar yadda waɗannan kwayoyi ke aiki, zai iya taimakawa wajen tunani akan tsarin rigakafinka kamar mota. "Kwancen" ana sarrafawa ta hanyar gina jiki mai suna PD-1. Opdivo a cikin wannan fasalin ya yi aiki don toshe PD-1-ƙuƙwalwa-barin tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji ba tare da tsangwama ba - a cikin ainihin, ɗaukar kaya daga motar. An amince da magani a yanzu ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ba su da ƙananan ciwon daji wanda ke ciwon ciwon daji ya ci gaba a lokacin ko bayan kwararren ƙwayar platinum. (Chemotherapy na tushen Platinum yana nufin tsarin chemotherapy ciki har da Platinol (cisplatin) ko Paraplatin (carboplatin)).
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an yarda da wasu magungunan immunotherapy guda biyu, Keytruda (pembrolizumab), da Tecentriq (atezolizumab).
Faɗakarwa
Kafin ka amsa tambayar "menene alamar ƙwayar cutar ciwon sikila na kwayar cutar?" Yana da muhimmanci muyi magana game da abin da lambobin da ke kwatanta rayuwar kuɗi suna nufin. Da farko, kowa ya bambanta. Lissafi sun gaya mana abin da ake nufi da "matsakaici" ko rayuwa, amma ba su gaya mana wani abu game da wasu mutane ba. Abubuwa masu yawa zasu iya shafar ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu na mahaɗar daji tare da shekarunka a ganewar asali, jima'i, yanayin lafiyar lafiyarka, da kuma yadda kake amsa maganin.
Har ila yau, ya kamata mu tuna cewa kididdigar sun dogara da bayanin da yake da shekaru da yawa. Yayinda sababbin jiyya ke samuwa, waɗannan lambobin bazai dace daidai da abin da bayaninku yake a yau ba. Alal misali, tsawon rayuwar shekaru biyar na cutar kanjamau da aka ruwaito a shekarar 2018 ya dogara ne akan mutanen da aka bincikar su a 2013 da kuma a baya. Tun da yawancin magungunan da aka samu don ƙwayoyin cutar ta jiki ne kawai aka yarda bayan 2013, kididdiga ba dole ba ne a nuna yadda mutum zai yi a yau.
Bugu da} ari, akwai sababbin jiyya da aka amince don maganin ciwon huhu a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, fiye da shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Alal misali, magunguna na Portrazza bai samuwa ba a lokacin da aka gano mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan nazarin. Abin da ake nufi shi ne cewa yawan kuɗin rayuwa na yau da kullum ba zai la'akari da yadda za a sa wani ya yi a kan kowane sababbin jiyya ba.
Akwai bege mai yawa ga wadanda aka gano da ciwon huhu a cikin yau da kullum, amma rashin alheri, ƙididdiga da za ka karanta bazai iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar wannan bege ba.
Kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji marasa ƙananan kwayar halitta sun bambanta da mataki , tare da tsawon shekaru biyar na rayuwa shine kashi 50 (ko mafi alheri) tare da cutar ta farko, amma kawai kashi biyu zuwa hudu cikin 100 tare da cutar 4. Kusan yawan shekaru biyar na rayuwa na ciwon daji na huhu shi ne bakin ciki kawai kimanin kashi 18 cikin dari. Har ila yau yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa lambobi a cikin waɗannan kudaden ba su nuna haɓakawa tare da sababbin kwayoyi da hanyoyin da ake samuwa yanzu ba.
Bayyana Mahimmancinku
Yayin da kake duban hangen nesa yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa dukkanin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ba daya ba ne. A gaskiya ma, idan akwai mutane 300 tare da kwayar cutar ƙwayar kwayar halitta a cikin ɗaki, za su sami ciwon daji 300. Ciwon kuɗi na musamman yana iya samun siffofi na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya kara ko rage yawan ƙwarewarku. (Kwararren likitanku na iya tattauna wasu daga cikin waɗannan). Bugu da ƙari, bincike yana nema wasu hanyoyi na kimantawa da ƙaddarar kwayar kamuwa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ɗan adam bisa ga binciken kamar rarraba kwayoyin tumo da aka samo a jikin kwayoyin halitta da sauransu.
Ciyarwa
Sakamakon ganewar ƙwayoyin kwayar halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu shine tsoratarwa kuma zaka iya jin dadi. Maganar "yana daukan ƙauyen" ba ya fi dacewa ba yayin da yake magana game da cutar kanjamau. Komawa da kuma bada izinin (wannan ɓangare wani lokacin maɓallin) maƙwabtanka su goyi bayan ku.
Yi amfani da lokaci don koyo game da ciwon daji. Nazarin ya gaya mana cewa mutanen da suka fi fahimtar ciwon daji ba kawai suna jin daɗin ba, amma wannan ilmi zai iya yin wani sauƙi a rayuwa. Duba idan zaka iya samun ƙungiyar tallafi ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu a cikin al'umma, ko kuma dauki lokaci don haɗi tare da ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu a cikin layi.
Wadannan mutane ba kawai za su karbi ku ba kuma su goyi bayan ku amma zai iya kasancewa babban tushe na sababbin bayanai da bincike. Binciken kungiyoyin ciwon daji na huhu kamar LUNGevity, kungiyar Lung Association Lung Force, da Lung Cancer Alliance. A lokacin da ake nema wadanda ke fama da ciwon huhu a kan kafofin watsa labarun, hashtag shine #LCSM wanda ke wakiltar kafofin watsa labarun ciwon huhu na huhu. Idan kana da shekaru 50, ka tabbata ka duba Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation, kungiyar da ke da sha'awar cutar ciwon huhu a cikin matasa .
Mafi mahimmanci, zama mai ba da shawara don kula da ciwon daji . Yin maganin ciwon daji na huhu yana canzawa da sauri, kuma an ƙara kiran mutane su kasance wani ɓangare na sashen kula da su. A gaskiya ma, akwai mutane da yawa da suka tsira a halin yanzu suna da rai ne kawai saboda suna ilmantar da kansu kuma sun kasance mai neman shawara don kulawa da su. Tun da yake mawuyacin likitan ilimin likita ya kasance a cikin saurin canje-canje a cikin magani, mutane da yawa masu tsira da ciwon huhu na huhu sun bada shawara akan samun ra'ayi na biyu a daya daga cikin manyan Cibiyar Cancer na Cibiyar Cancer - wanda aka tsara cibiyoyin ciwon ciwon daji wanda ke da samfurin likitanci na huhu.
Idan Ƙaunataccenku yana da Ciwon Cutar Kwayar Cutar Kyau
Yin gwagwarmayar ciwon daji a cikin ƙaunataccen mutum zai iya zama kalubale. Ba wai kawai kake fuskantar abin da ƙaunataccenka yake ba daga kusurwarka, amma ma'anar rashin taimako zai iya zama ƙin zuciya. Za a iya tabbatar da kai cewa mafi yawan mutane ba su san yadda za su amsa ba idan mai ƙaunataccen ciwon huhu yake. Tambaya game da hanyoyin da za ku iya taimakawa, maimakon yin magana "kira ni idan kuna buƙatar ni," wata hanya ce wadda za ku iya nuna lafiyar ku da kuma rage nauyinsu. Ɗauki ɗan lokaci don koyi game da abin da yake son zama tare da ciwon huhu tare da ciwon huhu da kuma yadda zaka iya tallafa wa ƙaunataccen ciwon daji .
> Sources
- > Kawai, K., Saito, Y., Demura, R. Maganin Ciwon Kwayoyin Cutar Squamous Cell Pulmonary Ya Warkar da Neman Ta Hanyar Harkokin Gudanar da Bincike na Bincike. Thoracic Cancer . 2018 Feb 8. (Epub gaba da bugu).
- > Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Ƙunƙasar Ciwon Kwayoyin Wutar Cutar Kan Ƙasar Kanana (PDQ) - Shafin Farko na Lafiya. Updated 02/01/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
- > Shum, E., Wang, F., Kim, S., Perez-Soler, R., da H. Cheng. Binciken Harkokin Bincike don Ciwon Cutar Kwayar Mutuwar Kwayoyin cuta: Daga Nazarin Dabbobi zuwa Matsalolin II na gwaji. Kwararren Kwararru a kan Drugs Research . 2017. 26 (4): 415-426./
- > Thakur, M., da A. Wozniak. Hasken haske kan Necitumumab a maganin Kwayoyin Carcinoma Ƙananan Ƙananan ƙwayar cuta. Lung Cancer . 2017. 8: 13-19.