Cutar cututtuka, jiyya, da ƙwarewar ƙwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta
Bayani
Ƙananan ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta na asali na kashi 15 cikin dari na ciwon huhu na huhu. Ba kamar sauran kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ba , ƙananan ciwon ƙwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta yi girma amma sau da yawa yakan karbi maganin cutar kwayar cuta a farko. Abin baƙin ciki shine, yana sa ran komawa bayan jiyya na farko kuma ya zama mafi tsayayya ga magani na yau da kullum.
Ƙananan ciwon huhu na ƙananan ciwon sukari yakan fara a cikin manyan hanyoyi ( bronchi ) na huhu, amma yada farkon, sau da yawa zuwa kwakwalwa.
An rushe su a cikin kashi biyu kawai, iyakance da ƙananan ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta. 60 zuwa 70 bisa dari na mutanen da suka riga suna fama da mummunar cutar a lokacin ganewar asali.
Ƙananan ciwon huhu na mahaifa yana da nasaba da shan taba, ko da yake wasu dalilai kamar kamuwa da radon da asbestos suna da nasaba da cutar kanjamau. Wannan irin ciwon huhu na huhu ya fi kowa a cikin maza fiye da mata, kuma shine mafi yawan kwayar cutar ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa da ake kira ciwon cututtuka da ake kira paraneoplastic syndrome - wato, bayyanar cututtuka saboda hormones da ɓoye ko ɓoye ta jiki zuwa ƙari.
Cutar cututtuka
Kwayoyin cututtuka na ciwon huhu na ƙananan ciwon ƙwayar cuta na iya hada da:
- Mawuyacin tari
- Cageing jini ( hemoptysis )
- Kusawa a fuska da wuya
- Rawancin numfashi
- Wheezing
- Maimaita fashewar ciwon huhu ko mashako
- Girma
- Wulo
- Baceccen asarar rashin lafiya
Cutar cututtuka saboda yaduwar cutar kanjamau zuwa wasu yankuna na jiki.
Mafi yawan wuraren da cutar kanjamau ta yaduwa ta kunshi sun hada da:
- Kwaƙwalwa - Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga ciwon daji na huhu zai iya faruwa a farkon, kuma zai iya zama alama ta farko na wadannan cututtuka. Wadannan sun hada da ciwon kai, canje-canjen hangen nesa, raunana, ko rikici.
- Kasusuwa - Sassaukar ƙananan metastases na iya haifar da ciwo a baya, kwatangwalo, kirji, kafada, ko hamsin.
- Hanyar hanta - Hanyoyin haɗari na iya haifar da ciwo na ciki, dawa, da kuma discoloration na launin fata da ake kira jaundice.
- Glanden da ke cikin jiki - Admonal metastases yawanci ana samuwa a CT scan maimakon ta bayyanar cututtuka, amma zai iya haifar da ciwon ciki.
Ƙananan ciwon daji na ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da mummunar alamun bayyanar cututtuka saboda cututtuka na paraneoplastic . Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Tashin jiki a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin, sauye-sauye da hangen nesa, da kuma wahalar haɗuwa ( Lambert-Eaton mummunar ciwo )
- Rashin rauni, gajiya, da kuma karamin sodium a cikin jini ( ciwo na ɓarkewar kwayar cutar hormone marasa dacewa (SIADH) .
- Rashin daidaituwa da wahalar yin magana (matsanancin ƙwayar cuta)
- Ƙungiya (zagaye) na kusoshi
Tsarin
Akwai matakai 2 na kananan kwayar cutar ciwon huhu:
- Sashin ƙananan ƙwayar cutar kanjamau - Ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar ciwon huhu na mahaifa an bayyana shi a matsayin ƙwayar ciwon ƙwayar cutar ciwon daji wanda ke cikin kwayar cutar guda daya kawai kuma zai iya yadawa zuwa jigilar lymph ko kusa da launi ( mediastinum ), amma ba yada ( metastasized ) zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Tsarin Tsarin Kwayar Cizon Tsari - A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar kanjamau, ciwon daji ya yada (metastasized) zuwa wani yanki na jiki, kamar sauran lobe na huhu ko kwakwalwa.
Jiyya
Yin magani ga ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin halitta ya bambanta dangane da mataki na ciwon daji da sauran dalilai.
Tiyata - An yi amfani da tiyata a kan ƙwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayar kananan kwayoyin cutar (wanda aka fi la'akari da shi ba shi da amfani,) amma an yi amfani da tiyata a wasu lokuta idan an sami karamin ƙwayoyin cuta a kan akwatin X-ray ko CT dubawa (don maganin canjin farko sosai.) Adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy bayan tiyata) ana bada shawarar idan an yi aikin tiyata don cutar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Chemotherapy - Magungunan ƙwayar iyaka da matsanancin ƙwayar cuta yakan ƙunshi haɗuwa da chemotherapy da radiation far.
Kwayar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayar cuta yana da kyau sosai don maganin cutar chemotherapy da farko, amma juriya tasowa. An gano cewa yin maganin magungunan ciwon huhu da kananan kwayoyin cuta tare da chemotherapy ya haifar da rayuwa ta tsakiya tsakanin kashi 4 ko 5 ba tare da wani magani ba. Magunguna masu amfani da ilimin chemotherapy sun hada da haɗin cisplatin (Platinol) ko carboplatin (Paraplatin) tare da etoposide (VePesid.)
Magungunan radiation - Dukkan iyakokin maganin cututtukan da ke da iyaka da ƙwayar cuta, radiation far . Ana amfani da shi tare da chemotherapy.
Aiki marasa lafiya wanda ke amsawa da kyau don magancewa kuma cimma cikakkiyar amsawa, radiation ta hanyoyi masu guba (PCI) - maganin radiation radiation zuwa kwakwalwa - an bada shawarar don rage haɗarin kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Shafi na yau da kullum na ciwon daji.
Gwaje-gwaje-gwaje - Gwaje-gwaje da dama na gwaji suna cikin wuri don neman magani mafi kyau ga ciwon ƙwayar cutar kanjamau. Musamman magunguna biyu na rigakafin rigakafi , Opdivo (nivolumab) da Keytruda (pembrolizumab), wadanda aka amince da su a shekara ta 2015 don mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar cutar, yanzu ana binciken su idan sun kasance masu tasiri a kan ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta. . Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa ta ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa sunyi la'akari da shiga cikin gwaji na asibitoci. A gaba daya, yawancin kungiyoyin kwakwalwa na huhu sun kafa aikin gwaji na gwaji don marasa lafiya na huhu , wanda wanda ke iya taimakawa wajen gano ko wani gwajin gwaji na ci gaba zai iya dacewa da ƙwararrakinku da burinku.
Kwayar farfadowa - Baya ga magance ciwon daji, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su kamar radiation far ne ake amfani dasu don taimakawa wajen kula da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Radiation yana iya taimakawa wajen gudanar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka irin su ciwo na ƙasusuwan da ake samu akan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da ciwon kai da kuma rauni wanda ya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, zub da jini daga huhu, da kuma rashin ƙarfi na numfashi da ya haifar da hanzari na iska.
Faɗakarwa
Labaran rayuwa na ƙwayar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta ya bambanta dangane da mataki. A halin yanzu, tsawon shekaru 5 na rayuwa kan ƙwayar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cuta (dukkanin matakai) shine kashi 5 zuwa 10
Abubuwan da suke haɗuwa da inganta rayuwar su sun hada da jinsi mata, da kuma mafi kyawun hali - wannan shine mafi lafiya a gaba ɗaya a lokacin ganewar asali. Ci gaba da shan taba yana iya rage rayuwa. Tun da ƙwayar ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin halitta ke tsiro da hanzari, kuma tun da mun zo da wata hanya mai tsawo tare da wasu ciwon daji masu sauri kamar cutar sankarar bargo, ana fatan za'a samu karin jiyya a nan gaba.
Ciyarwa
Nazarin ya nuna cewa sanin abin da za ka iya game da ciwon daji na jikinka zai iya inganta rayuwarka, da yiwuwar ma sakamakonka. Tambayi tambayoyi. Koyi game da gwaji na asibiti wanda zai dace maka da, da kuma yadda za ka kasance mai ba da shawara a kula da ciwon daji.
Mutane da yawa suna taimakawa wajen shiga ƙungiyar goyon bayan ko goyi bayan al'umma. Tambayi ku kuma bari 'yan uwa su taimaka. Kuma rataya a kan fatan. Yin maganin cututtukan huhu da kuma rayuwa-suna inganta bayan shekaru masu yawa na abin da ya zama kamar canza canji. Akwai mai yawa bege.
Sources:.
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Ƙananan Ciwon Kwayar Wutar Kankara (PDQ) - Shafin Farko na Lafiya. Updated 02/18/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
Sher, T. et al. Ƙananan ciwon huhu na huhu. Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2008. 83 (3): 355-67.