Kila ka ji cewa abu abu ne mai kwayar cuta ko kuma cutar carcinogenic. Menene ma'anar wannan? Ta yaya muka san cewa wani abu zai iya haifar da ciwon daji?
Definition
An bayyana wani kwayar cutar a matsayin wani abu da zai iya haifar da ciwon daji. Wannan zai iya zama abu mai sinadaran, kwayar cutar, ko ma magunguna da radiation da muke amfani da su don magance ciwon daji. Yayinda yawancin cututtuka ne ke haifar da kwayar cutar ta jiki ko haɗuwa da carcinogens, za a iya hade da ci gaba da ciwon ciwon daji a matsayin ɓangare na jikinmu.
Carcinogens na iya aiki a wasu hanyoyi:
- Mai cutar kwayar cutar zai iya lalata DNA a cikin kwayoyin halitta (haifar da maye gurbin,) wanda hakan zai haifar da rushewa a cikin tsarin al'ada na sel.
- Maganin na jini zai iya haifar da lalacewa da ƙumburi wanda zai haifar da kwayoyin rarraba cikin sauri. Lokacin da rabawa ke rarraba a koyaushe akwai zarafi cewa canji zai faru (maye gurbin) wanda hakan zai kara yawan damar ci gaba da ciwon daji .
Iri
Muna a kusa da carcinogens kowace rana, ko a aiki, a gida, ko kuma a wasan. Carcinogens ba sa haifar da ciwon daji a duk wanda aka fallasa ba; iyawar mai cin nama don haifar da ciwon daji ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, ciki har da adadin yawancin hotuna, tsawon lokacin daukan hotuna, lafiyar mutum, da kuma wasu dalilai a rayuwar mutum wanda ko dai ya tada ko rage hadarin ciwon daji.
Mutane ma sun bambanta da nauyin da mutum ke iya haifar da gawawwakin kwayar cutar ta jiki bisa ga yadda ake sarrafa su. A yawancin lokuta ciwon daji yana da yawa, yana nufin cewa akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa da ke aiki tare don yada ko hana ciwon daji.
Irin carcinogens sun hada da:
- Chemicals / substances - Wasu sunadaran amfani da gida ko wurin aiki na iya zama carcinogenic. Alal misali, asbestos a cikin rufi zai iya haifar da ciwon daji da kuma mesothelioma . Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa idan sinadaran zai iya haifar da ciwon daji ba za a bari a gidajenmu ba. Ba haka ba ne.
- Radiation na muhalli - Radiation daga ultraviolet daga rana shine sanannun dalilin ciwon daji. Radon da aka kwashe daga ƙwayar uranium na al'ada a cikin ƙasa sannan kuma ya kama a cikin gida shine babban dalilin cutar kanjamau .
- Rawanin likita - Dukkanin radiation da aka yi amfani da su na likita don gwajin gwaji da kuma abin da ake amfani da su don magance ciwon daji suna dauke da carcinogens. Alal misali, matan da suka karbi maganin radiation bayan maganin ciwon daji don ciwon nono suna cikin haɓaka mai yawa na ciwon daji na huhu saboda lahani na radiation.
- Kwayoyin cuta - Cutar kamar kamillomaviruses na mutum wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji da kuma ciwon jijiyar mahaifa, da kuma ciwon haifa C wanda zai iya haifar da ciwon hanta da ake ganin carcinogens. Binciken sauran ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ake zaton zai haifar da ciwon daji .
- Wasu magunguna - Wasu magungunan ilimin chemotherapy da maganin hormonal na iya haifar da hadarin ciwon daji. Alal misali, cutar shan-jijiyar da ake amfani da su don magance mata tare da ciwon nono na farko zai iya haifar da cutar sankarar jini. Yin amfani da maganin jiyya na iya ƙara haɗarin ciwon nono a cikin mata matasa.
- Matsayin abubuwan rayuwa - Shan taba da kiba ne duka carcinogens a cikin cewa zasu iya zama alhakin maye gurbi wanda zai haifar da ciwon daji.
Yanayin Lissafi
Abu mai mahimmanci ya fahimci shi ne batun lokacin latency .
Wannan shine lokaci tsakanin shahararrun ga gawawwaki da kuma lokacin da ciwon daji ke tasowa. Lokacin jinkirin zai iya zama gajere, kamar lalacewa zuwa radiation a cikin wani batu na nukiliya, ko a maimakon haka, shekaru da yawa, dangane da cutar ta musamman.
Gwaji
Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don gane idan wani abu ko mai ɗaukar hotuna ne mai cutar. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan yana shan taba. Ya dauki shekaru da yawa na bincike da miliyoyin daloli don sanin yadda dangantaka da shan taba kan ciwon huhu. Yawancin nazarin da za a gwada abubuwa don cutar cututtuka an yi akan dabbobi ta yin amfani da hotuna masu girma. Kafin gwajin dabba, yawancin waɗannan abubuwa ana kallon su a cikin tantanin halitta a cikin wani lab.
Duk da yake ba zai yiwu ba don gwada abubuwa don cututtuka a cikin mutane, nazarin binciken da aka bincikar da ke duba mutane da ciwon daji, da kuma kimantawa na farko, ana amfani dashi don nazarin abubuwa ko kuma gabatarwa don kimanta yiwuwar haifar da ciwon daji.
Abin takaici, nazarin salula ko nazarin dabba ba zai iya koya mana abin da zai faru a cikin 'yan adam ba. Abin da ke faruwa tare da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tanda a cikin wani lab na iya bambanta da abin da ya faru da aka ba da irin wannan daukan hotuna a cikin miliyoyin halayen halayen halayen da ke faruwa a duk lokacin mutane. Hakazalika, nazarin dabba ba zai iya fada mana duk abin da zai faru da mutum ba. Wannan shi ne yanayin tare da thalidomide, wanda shine magani mai lafiya a cikin dabbobi na labaran amma ya haifar da lalacewar haihuwa lokacin da aka ba mata masu juna biyu.
Faɗakarwa
Akwai hanyoyi da dama da suke sanyawa wadanda ke bayyana carcinogens a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban:
Hukumar Tsaro ta Muhalli:
- Rukunin A: Carcinogenic ga mutane
- Rukuni na B: Yasa zai zama cututtuka ga mutane
- Ƙungiyar C: Shaidun da ke da shawara na kasancewa cututtuka ga mutane
- Rukunin D: Bayanan da bai dace ba don tantance cututtuka
- Rukuni na E: Ba za a iya zama mai cutar ga mutane ba
Cibiyar Harkokin Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Duniya (International Cancerlogy Programme):
- Rukunin A: Carcinogenic ga mutane
- Rukuni na B: Yasa zai zama cututtuka ga mutane
- Ƙungiyar C: Shaidun da ke ba da shawara game da yiwuwar cututtuka
- Rukunin D: Bayanan da bai dace ba don tantance yiwuwar cutar
- Rukuni na E: Ba za a iya zama mai cutar ga mutane ba
Cibiyar Toxicology ta kasa
- An san su zama carcinogenic ga mutane
- Anyi tsammani ya zama mutum mai cututtuka ga mutane
Tsarin Tsaro
Ka tuna cewa ba dukkanin kayan da ke da kwayar cutar ba. Ba wai kawai akwai miliyoyin yiwuwar cututtuka ba a cikin yanayin da masana'antu, amma yana da wuya a gwada dukkanin sinadarai a daruruwan dubban mutane (ko kuma ka'ida). Saboda wannan dalili, yana da muhimmanci a yi aiki da hankali tare da duk wani cututtukan da za ku iya yiwuwa. za a iya fallasa. Yana da muhimmanci a:
- Karanta alamomi, ka duba abubuwan da ba ka san su ba. Wasu samfurori na gida sun rubuta bayanin cewa suna dauke da carcinogens na mutum. Misali akwai wasu nau'in tsabtace fata.
- Bi sharuɗɗa don kare lafiyar sunadarai a gida. Karanta karamin buga a kan kwantena. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan suna bayar da sanarwa safofin safofin hannu. Wasu bayar da shawarar samun iska mai kyau, saka mask, ko ma don bayar da mashin iska na musamman (idan ya faɗi haka, yana nufin cewa mask din bai isa ya kare ka ba.) Mun manta cewa yawancin abubuwa zasu iya saukewa ta hanyar fata. Yanzu muna da alamu ga duk wani abu daga nicotine zuwa magunguna masu zafi da suke amfani da wannan tsari. Kyakkyawan tsarin yatsan hannu shine cewa idan baza ku ci ba, yi amfani da safofin hannu don rike shi.
- Bi hanyoyin da aka ba da shawarar yayin aiki tare da sunadaran a kan aikin. Ana buƙatar masu amfani da su don samar da takardun Bayanin Tsaro na kayan aiki akan duk wani sinadarai da za a fallasa ku a aiki. Ɗauki lokaci don karanta waɗannan a hankali.
- Ka yi la'akari da zabi ga abubuwa tare da jerin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da yawa: alal misali, wasu sun gano cewa maimakon samun yawan kayan tsaftace kayan kasuwanci (duk da abubuwan da zasu iya tada girarka,) zaka iya tsaftace gidanka ta amfani da ruwan inabi kawai, ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami , man zaitun, da soda. Ba wai kawai wannan ya rage girmanku ga masiyoyin cutar ba, amma yana da rahusa.
- Yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka. Alal misali, bincika waɗannan ra'ayoyin kan yadda za a rage abinci don rage cututtukan.
Databases
Akwai bayanai da yawa waɗanda zaka iya duba samfurori da abubuwa da aka fallaka su don gane da cutar su.
- IARC Monographs
- Cibiyar Toxicology ta kasa
Kalma Daga
An bayyana mu ga carcinogens a cikin muhallin kowace rana. Yayinda akwai yiwuwar akwai abubuwa da za mu koyi su ne carcinogenic a nan gaba, za mu iya daukar mataki a yau don rage hotonmu. Samun fahimta, da kuma fahimtar cewa akwai yiwuwar cututtuka a cikin muhallin da ba a gano ba shine farkon farawa. Samun wasu kariya mai kyau, kamar ƙididdige labbobi da saka safofin hannu bazai zama dole ba, amma zai zama mai hikima idan ba ka saba da samfurin da kake aiki tare ba.
> Sources:
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Ciwon daji na sana'a. Carcinogen List. Updated 04/24/17. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html
> Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji. Binciken Risks na Carcinogenic ga Mutane. http://monographs.iarc.fr/