Yin amfani da "Harsunan" Siffofin "Fassara" don Samar da Harkokin Cutar Gida
Alamar CD, wanda aka sani da antigens CD, sune nau'o'in kwayoyin da aka samo a saman sel wanda ke taimakawa wajen rarrabe nau'in tantanin halitta daga wani. A gaskiya ma, "CD" na farko yana nufin "ɓangaren bambanci," wanda aka kafa a farkon 1982.
Duk da yake wasu mutane na iya saba da maganganun CD4 da CD8, waɗanda suke bambancewa kwayoyin karewa masu karewa da aka sani dasu T-cell , basu da ƙarancin antisnos CD da aka sani da su 371 da suke "tag" kusan dukkanin kwayoyin jikinsu na jiki, suna bada kowannensu alamar alamarta .
Abin da alamomin CD suka faɗa mana
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, ana amfani da alamomin CD don rarraba launin jini na jini wanda jiki ya samar don taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin sune sassan tsakiya na tsarin rigakafi wanda ke aiki tare don gano, manufa, da kuma kawar da cututtukan cututtuka.
Alal misali, ana kiran su " CD" T-cell "Selin taimakawa" saboda abin da suke takawa shi ne don sigina CD8 T-sassan T-ray don kai farmaki da kuma tsayar da takamaiman ƙwayar cuta.
Ta hanyar fahimtar wannan ƙwarewar, masana kimiyya zasu iya amfani da alamar CD don ba kawai kimanta matsayi na kamuwa da cuta (auna ta karuwa ko rage yawan lambobin salula ba) amma auna ma'auni na tsarin na rigakafi kanta. Wasu sharuɗɗa irin su kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar HIV da halayen jiki sun danganta da maye gurbin magungunan , ma'ana cewa jiki ba shi da ikon sakawa tsaro kamar yadda aka nuna ta da babu CD4 T-cell.
Kafin gabatarwa da sunan CD ɗin, ƙididdiga aikin aikin rigakafin mutum ya fi wuya kuma ba takamaimai ba.
Alamar CD a Ciwon Binciken Cutar Canji da Jiyya
Bugu da ƙari ga kulawa da kamuwa da cuta da kuma matsayi na maye gurbin, antigens CD za a iya amfani dashi don gano ci gaban mahaukaci na sel da ake kira neoplasm . Neoplasms na iya zama marar kyau (wadanda ba za su yiwu ba), m (cancerous), ko kuma wadanda suka dace, amma, kamar sauran tantanin halitta, suna da alamar CD waɗanda masana kimiyya zasu iya amfani dasu don gane su.
Alamar CD ba kawai mahimmanci a ganewar asibiti na ciwon daji ba, zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano ko wane nau'i na magani zai iya zama mafi nasara kuma auna yadda tasiri yake da kyau ta hanyar lura da canje-canje a cikin alamar CD masu dacewa.
Bugu da ƙari, masu bincike a yau suna iya haifar da irin furotin na karewa, wanda aka sani da shi ne wanda aka saba da shi (mAb) , wanda ya dace da wani magungunan CD. Wadannan cututtuka masu yatsa suna kama da wadanda suka samar ta jiki kuma za'a iya amfani da su don yaki da ciwon daji a cikin wani nau'i na magani da ake kira immunotherapy .
Lokacin da injected cikin jikin, mAbs zasu iya aiki a hanyoyi masu rarraba dangane da tsarin su:
- Suna iya ɗaure alamar CD a kan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kuma su hallaka su.
- Za su iya ɗaure alamar CD a kan kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kuma su hana ikon yin amfani da su, dakatarwa ko jinkirta ci gaban su.
- Suna iya ƙara ƙarfin kare jiki na musamman game da wannan ciwon daji.
A waje na jiki, ana amfani da mAbs ne akan ganewar asali don gano antigens CD musamman a jini, nama, ko samfurori na jiki.
Immunotherapy da aka kera don Ciwon daji
Anyi amfani da kwayar cutar monoclonal yau da kullum don magance cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu irin ciwon daji. Su tasiri zai iya bambanta, tare da wasu cancers amsa mafi alhẽri daga wasu.
Da wannan aka ce, cigaba a fasaha ta kwayoyin sun haifar da adadi mai yawa da aka amince da magungunan immunotherapeutic. Yayinda yake tsayayya da tsofaffin tsararraki na kumburi wanda ke sa ido kan kwayoyin halitta mai saurin sauri, wadanda kwayoyin cutar da kwayar cutar suke da shi, waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ne kawai ke amfani da kwayoyin "CD" kawai.
Daga cikin kwayoyi a halin yanzu an amince da su ta US Food Drug Administration don amfani da ciwon daji immunotherapy:
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) da ake amfani dasu don yin amfani da lymphoma Hodgkin da anaplastic manyan cell lymphoma
- Arzerra (ofatumumab) yayi amfani da cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic kadan (SLL) da cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic na kullum (CLL)
- Blincyto (blinatumomab) yayi amfani da wasu nau'in cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic mai tsanani (ALL)
- Campath (alemtuzumab) amfani da CLL
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) yayi amfani da SLL da CLL
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) yayi amfani da wasu nono da ciwon ciki
- Kadycla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) da ake amfani da su don magance wasu ciwon nono
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) da ake amfani dashi don bi da wasu magunguna da wuyansa
- Ontak (difteukin diftitox) ana yin amfani da lymphoma na fata
- Opdivo (nivolumab) yayi amfani da cutar kanjamau da kuma wasu maycers
- Rituxan (rituximab) yayi amfani da wasu nau'o'in lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin (NHL)
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) yayi amfani da wasu nau'o'in NHL
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. "Magungunan monoclonal su bi da ciwon daji." Atlanta, Jojiya; sabunta Oktoba 2017.
> Vanneman, R. da Dranoff, G. "Haɗuwa da immunotherapy da kuma magance hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a magani." Nat Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. DOI: 10.1038 / nrc3237.