T-sassan T suna da ƙananan jini na jini wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rigakafi da fada da ciwon daji. Bari mu kaddamar da tsarin na rigakafi a sassa don yin sauƙin ganewa.
Akwai wasu nau'i biyu na jini na jini (leukocytes): lymphocytes da granulocytes.
Lymphocytes, bi da bi, an rushe cikin:
- T cells (yourmus-samo sel)
- Kwayoyin B (ƙananan hawan jini-samo kwayoyin halitta)
Nau'in Immunity
Jikunanmu suna da nau'i biyu na asali na rigakafi :
- Sanarwar rikici ta wayar salula
- Tsarin kariya na mutunci
Kwayoyin T sun kasance wani ɓangare na maganin rigakafi na jikin mutum, wanda ya kasance ɓangare na tsarin rigakafi wanda zaku iya gani a matsayin kashe kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma ciwon daji. Sauran nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na kare-kullun-yana kare jikinmu daga wadannan masu haɗari ta hanyar yin maganin rigakafi.
Irin T-Cells
Akwai nau'o'in T, masu yawa kamar haka:
- Sassan Cytotoxic T - Tarin kwayoyin Cytotoxic T da ke kai tsaye kai tsaye kai tsaye ga 'yan kasashen waje irin su kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma ciwon daji.
- Tarkarin T na taimakawa - Tarin Tarin taimakawa suna tara sauran kwayoyin cutar ba tare da tsara wani amsa ba.
- Tarin ƙwayoyin T - Tashin ƙwayar T-ka'idodin T ana tsammanin za ta kawar da tsarin rigakafi don kada ya ragu (kamar yadda yake a cikin cututtuka na autoimmune), duk da haka bangarorin tsakiya na ilmin halitta na waɗannan kwayoyin suna kasancewa a ɓoye kuma suna ci gaba da muhawara.
- Kwayoyin halitta masu tayar da halitta T - Kwayoyin kwayoyin T (NKT) ba daidai ba ne kamar kwayoyin kisa na halitta, amma suna da alaƙa. Kwayoyin NKT sune kwayoyin T tarin cytotoxic da ake buƙatar farawa da kuma bambanta don yin aikinsu. Kisa na halitta (NK) Kwayoyin da kwayoyin NKT sune sassan lymphocytes wadanda ke raba ƙasa daya. Dukansu na iya hanzari da sauri wajen kasancewar kwayoyin tumo da shiga cikin maganin rikici na rigakafi.
- Sassan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya - Tarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar T-tuna suna tuna alamun a kan kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, ko ciwon daji da suka gani a baya.
Production, Storage, da Availability
Bayan an samo su a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa , kwayoyin T suna amfani da wani lokaci suna matukar girma da kuma tasowa a cikin wani akwati a cikin kirji da ake kira thymus-wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake kira su T-sel, wanda ke tsaye ne akan sel wanda aka samu. Bayan maturation, T-kwayoyin suna cikin jini da kuma ƙwayoyin lymph .
T-Cell Function a Ciwon daji
Twanonin T suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaki da ciwon daji. Zai iya zama da wuyar magana game da ƙwayoyin T, musamman a lokacin da yake magana game da cututtuka irin su lymphoma, don haka za mu dubi hanyoyin da kwayoyin T ke aiki don yaki da ciwon daji da kuma yadda cutar ta kamu da su. Don kawar da ciwon daji, ko da akwai ƙwayoyin T, sai su fara ganin " ciwon daji.
Hanyar da Kayan Yaya keyi don magance Ciwon daji
Twanan kwayoyin T suna aiki a hanyoyi masu kai tsaye da kuma kaikaita don magance ciwon daji.
- Kwayoyin Killer T suna kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kai tsaye - Wadannan kwayoyin sun fara gano kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji kuma za'a iya motsa su su kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
- Turawan T na taimakawa wajen yaki da ciwon daji a kaikaice - Wadannan kwayoyin sun tsara da kuma kirkiro yaki da ciwon daji.
Hanyoyin da Ciwon daji ke shafawa
- Hanyar kai tsaye a kan ciwon daji - A cikin cututtuka irin su lymphoma T-cell , kwayoyin T da kansu sunyi rauni.
- Sakamakon kararrawa mai ɓarke - Lymphomas da sauran cututtuka waɗanda suka yada zuwa kasusuwa na kasusuwan fitar da kwayoyin kwayoyin lafiya a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa (precursors na kwayoyin T) wanda zai haifar da ragowar ƙwayoyin T.
- Rushewa saboda cutar shan-jiji - Chemotherapy zai iya ɓarke ƙwayoyin T da sauran kwayoyin jini.
Immunotherapy
Wani sabon farfadowa na bincike ya hada da sake yin aikin injiniyoyi na T don su iya ganewa da kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Irin wannan farfadowa ya nuna alamar sakamako na farko a lymphoma.
Ciwon Kankara-Immunity
Tarin halitta T suna cikin ɓangaren abin da aka sani da ciwon daji-immunity sake zagayowar.
Yayin da ciwon daji ke mutuwa, sun saki antigens, abubuwa da za'a iya ganewa ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi.
Ana amfani da antigens daga kwayoyin cutar Kanada sannan kuma a gabatar da su akan tantanin kwayoyin halitta wanda ake kira kwayoyin antigen-presenting (APCs) domin sauran kwayoyin halitta ba su iya ganin "antigens of interest". A cikin ƙananan lymph, APC ta kunna tantanin T da kuma koya musu su gane ƙwayoyin tumatir. T-bayanan T sunyi tafiya ta hanyar tasoshin jini domin su sami kututture, su kara shi, gane kwayoyin cutar kanjamau kuma su kashe su.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. Mene ne Sabon Bincike na Immunotherapy Kan Cancer? 11/05/15.
> Chen, D., da kuma Mellman. Ilimin ilimin ilmin halitta ya haɗu da maganin rigakafi: Ciwon rigakafin rigakafi. Immunity . 2013. 39 (1): 1-10,25.
> Chen, D., Irving, B., da kuma F. Hodi. Hanyar kwayoyin halitta: Immunotherapy na gaba mai zuwa - Tsayar da Mutuwar Liga 1 da Shirye-shiryen Mutuwa-1. Ciwon Binciken Ciwon Bidiyo . 2012. Doi: 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-12-1362.