Kwayoyin da ba dama ba ne ainihin manufa na cutar HIV
T-sassan T shine ragowar fararen jini wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin tsarin rigakafi na jiki. CD4 ya bambanta, irin nau'in gina jiki wanda aka samo a kan wasu kwayoyin halitta kamar kwayoyin T, macrophages, da monocytes.
Kwayoyin T-CD4 suna dauke da su "masu taimakawa" saboda basu kawar da cututtuka ba amma suna haifar da amsawar jikin su zuwa cututtuka.
A sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin T-CD8 - an rarraba su saboda irin nau'in gina jiki akan farfajiyar su - kunna ɓangare na "kisa" ta hanyar samar da kwayoyin halitta (magunguna) wanda zai taimaka wajen yaki da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ɓangare na kasashen waje.
Matsayin CD4 T-Cell a cikin HIV Kamuwa
Daya daga cikin cututtuka na kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV shine cewa ainihin kwayoyin sunada nufin farawa da kare lafiyar su ne wadanda aka yi niyya don kamuwa da cutar HIV . A matsayin retrovirus, cutar ta HIV ta buƙaci ta danna wasu "mahaukaci" domin su yi kwafin kansa. Kwayoyin CD4 sune maƙasudin saiti don wannan a cikin ɓangaren kamuwa da cuta.
A lokacin kamuwa da cuta, HIV ta haɗa kai zuwa wadannan kwayoyin taimakon, ta kwashe kayan jinsin cikin abin da za'a iya canzawa ta hanyar haɓaka don samar da wasu kwayoyin cutar HIV. A yin haka, an kashe CD4 cell din, kuma ikon da zai iya haifar da kare lafiyar shi ya zama cikakke ga irin wannan batun don barin jiki ya buɗe zuwa cututtuka na opportunistic .
Halin da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke ciki shine irin wadannan kwayoyin T-CD8 na "kisa" suna ci gaba da makafi a cikin ci gaba na kamuwa da ci gaba kuma ba su iya magance yawancin yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV (kamar yadda aka auna da nauyin hoto ). Idan an bar shi ba tare da izini ba, tsarin na rigakafi zai, a cikin dukkanin lokuta masu banƙyama, gaba ɗaya ya ɓace (ko kuma ya zama mai sulhu).
Irin CD4 T-Cells
Sau da yawa fiye da ba zamu yi tunanin CD4 T-sel a matsayin nau'in tantanin halitta ba. A gaskiya ma, kawai a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ne masanin kimiyya ya fara gano wasu takardun kudade da ayyuka daban-daban. Wasu suna da muhimmanci wajen kunna macrophage da dendritic yayin da ake fara kamuwa da su, yayin da wasu ke ba da umarnin kare rayuka a yayin da suke fuskanta, ɗayan ɗayan, tare da kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin cuta, ko ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wadannan sun hada da subtypes da ake kira T-helper 1, T-helper 2, T-helper 9, T-helper 17, T-cell T cell, da T-cell mai taimakawa, wanda kowanne ya ɓoye nau'o'in abubuwa don taimakawa wajen warware ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ta yaya zamu auna CD4 T-Cells (kuma Me yasa)?
Ta ƙayyade yawan ƙwayoyin CD4 masu aiki suna gudana a cikin jini, likita zai iya ƙayyade matsayin matsayin rigakafi na mutum. Nazarin jini mai sauki wanda ake kira CD4 ƙididdiga ƙididdiga yawan adadin CD4 masu aiki a cikin millimeter na jini. Mafi girman ƙididdigar CD4, wanda ya fi ƙarfin aikin aiki.
A cikin tsofaffiyar lafiya, ƙididdigar CD4 na iya bambanta da yawa (ta yawan jama'a, yawan shekarun haihuwa, da dai sauransu) amma kusan yawancin 500 zuwa 1500 sel a kowane ma'aunin mita na jini (mL). Lokacin da ya sauka a kasa da 200, duk da haka, to ana kiran cutar ta AIDS (samun ciwon rashin lafiya).
A wannan lokaci ne cututtuka masu haɗari da suka fi dacewa su faru kamar yadda tsarin rigakafi ya dace ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta.
Kafin 2016, ƙididdigar CD4 sun yi amfani da ita wajen hanyar sanin lokacin da za a fara farfado da cutar (ART) . Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an canza wannan rawar a matsayin hukumomin duniya yanzu sun amince da farawar cutar HIV a kan ganewar asali (maimakon jira har yawan adadin CD4 ya sauka a kasa da 500 Kwayoyin / ML, kamar yadda jagoran da suka gabata).
Ana amfani da ƙididdigar CD4 don saka idanu da amsawar mutum a farfadowa, tare da farawa ART gaba ɗaya don iya mayar da aikin na rigakafin mutum.
Ya bambanta, mutanen da suka fara ART a ƙananan CD4 ƙananan (a karkashin 100 kwayoyin / ML) sau da yawa suna da lokaci mafi wuyar sake sabunta adadin CD4 zuwa matakan al'ada, musamman ma bayan rashin lafiya.
Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don gwadawa kamar yadda jagorancin Amurka ke gudana a yanzu kuma nemi gaggawa a yayin da aka gano kwayar cutar HIV. Idan an fara fara magani, mutanen da suke tare da kwayar cutar HIV yanzu suna da kyakkyawar dama na rayuwa ta rayuwa da lafiya .
Sources:
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya na {asa (NIH). "Fara farautar maganin rigakafi da sauri ya inganta sakamakon da cutar ta kamu da kwayar cutar HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; bayar da Mayu 27, 2015.
> Seng, R. Goujard, C .; Krastinova, E; et al. "Rashin rinjayar cutar HIV ta hanyar rayuwa mai tsawo a kan tsararren CD4 + da CD4 + / CD8 + a tsakanin marasa lafiya a hade da maganin cutar antiretroviral." AIDS . Janairu 13, 2015; wallafa a gaban bugawa; DOI: 10.1097.
> Zhu, J. da Paul, W. "CD4 T masu rai: fates, ayyuka, da kuma kuskure." Jinin jini. 2008; 112: 1557-1569.
> Luckheeram, R .; Zhou, R. Verma, A .; et al. "CD4 + T Cells: Bambanci da Ayyuka." Clinical da Developmental Immunology. 2012: 2012 (925135); DOI 10.1155 / 2012/925135.