Ka'idoji da suka haɗa da ƙwarewa, Magunguna, da Tiyata
Myasthenia gravis yana haifar da rauni ta tsoka saboda tsarin rigakafin da ke kaiwa masu karɓar sakonni a kan tsoka. Tun da tsoka ba zai iya karbar siginar ba don kwangila, mutanen da suke da myasthenia sun zama masu rauni. Yayin da wannan rikici na jigilar neuromuscular yayi amfani da shi har kullum, har ma da muni, yanzu ana iya sarrafa shi tare da magunguna daban-daban.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyar na zalunta da kullun myasthenia. Wasu hanyoyi suna amfani da su a cikin rikici mai tsanani don hana wani daga cikin kulawa mai kulawa mai tsanani, ko da yake wannan yana da mahimmanci a wasu lokuta. Sauran suna nufin karin don kauce wa irin wannan rikice-rikice da ke faruwa a farkon wuri - dabarun tsare.
Ka guje wa masu gwagwarmaya don hana yaduwar cutar
Saboda cutar lafiya ne, duk wani abu da ya haɗu da tsarin da ba a rigakafi ba zai iya haifar da hadarin mummunan rikici, tare da tsanani mai tsanani wanda zai iya aika wani zuwa sashin kulawa mai kulawa. Sanarwa da kauce wa duk wani abu mai mahimmanci shine muhimmiyar hanyar kula da cutar. Alal misali, magungunan da ake amfani da su kamar ciprofloxacin ko wasu maganin rigakafi , da kuma beta-blockers kamar propranolol, lithium, magnesium, verapamil da sauransu, na iya kara tsananta alamun na myasthenia gravis. Gaba ɗaya, mutanen da suke da myasthenia ya kamata su zama masu hankali kafin su fara sabon magani kuma su kula da hankali bayan alamun rashin ƙarfi.
Yin maganin cututtuka na Myasthenia Gravis
Rashin raunin ganyayyaki na myasthenia yana faruwa ne lokacin da mai karfin mai acetylcholine ya kai hari ta tsarin jiki na jiki. Ƙara yawan adetylcholine samuwa a cikin jigon neuromuscular zai iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan wannan kasawar. Cikin jikin yakan sauke acetylcholine daga ɓoye ta hanyar enzymes da ake kira acetylcholinesterases.
Drugs da ake kira masu ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (wanda ke toshe aikin waɗannan enzymes) zai iya haifar da acetylcholine da aka bar a cikin ɓoyayyen na tsawon lokaci, ya bar shi ya ɗaura ga masu karɓa wanda ke nuna alamar ƙulla.
Magungunan Acetylcholinesterase sun hada da pyridostigmine (Mestinon), wanda shine magungunan magungunan da ake amfani dashi ga myasthenia gravis. Hanyoyi masu haɗari sun hada da zazzabin ciki, damuwa, da tashin hankali. Yin amfani da magani tare da abinci zai iya taimakawa wajen rage waɗannan tasirin. Abin takaici, wani lokaci magungunan kwayoyin magungunan kwayoyin halitta yana da tasiri mai karfi na rashin ƙarfi, wanda zai iya zama da wuya a rarrabe daga maastan kanta kanta. Wannan yana da matukar damuwa idan an yi amfani da pyridostigmine a cikin asusun da aka yi shawarar, ko da yake.
Immunotherapy na zamani don Myasthenia Gravis
Yawancin mutane tare da myasthenia gravis ƙarewa shan shan magani don hana bayyanar cututtuka daga zuwan a duk. Immunotherapy yana ƙaddamar da kwayoyin da ke kai hari ga masu karɓar acetylcholine. Ta hanyar canza tsarin rigakafi, an rage mita da tsanani na hare-haren.
Glucocorticoids irin su prednisone ne sau da yawa amfani da su kawar da tsarin rigakafin mutane tare da myasthenia. Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka sun haɗa da cyclosporine, azathioprine, da mycophenolate.
Duk waɗannan magunguna suna da tasiri mai tasiri, wasu daga cikinsu suna da tsanani. Rashin haɗarin shan magani dole ne a yi la'akari sosai akan amfanin ƙananan hare-haren da ake yi na mastastia.
Ra'ayoyin Immunomodulating Rapid na Myasthenia Gravis
Yayinda ake amfani da magungunan immunotherapy na tsawon lokaci, wasu yanayi na buƙatar aiki mai sauri. Misali zai zama matsala mai ban mamaki, ko kuma kafin a tiyata ko wani abin da ya kamata ya faru wanda zai yiwu ya kara tsananta irin wannan rikici. Tsarin immunotherapies na gaggawa na aiki a cikin kwanaki, amma amfanin su na ƙarshe ne kawai a cikin makonni, kuma ba a ba su shawarar yawancin lokaci ba.
Ciniki na plasma (plasmapheresis) yana kawar da kwayoyin cutar daga wurare dabam dabam. Tsarin yana da tsada, kuma yawanci yana faruwa game da sau biyar a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 14. Rarrabai na iya haɗawa da arrhythmia, ƙwayoyin jini, da ƙwayar tsoka, da sauransu.
An riga an nuna alamun immunoglobulin mai tsanani (IVIG) don taimakawa a cikin cututtuka da aka haifar da karɓin motsa jiki, amma ainihin ainihin ba shi da kyau. Jiyya yakan kunshi kwanaki biyu zuwa biyar na injections. Hanyoyi masu lahani suna yawanci m amma zasu iya haɗawa da gazawar raguwa, meningitis , da rashin lafiyan halayen.
Hanyoyin Mikiya na Myasthenia Gravis
Yawancin mutane tare da myasthenia gravis suna da mummunan ƙwayarsu a cikin kamus ɗinka, wani sashin kwayoyin halitta wanda yake da tushe a wuyansa. Wani lokaci cututtuka na wariyar launin fata na inganta ko ma warware bayan da aka cire thymus yayin aikin da ake kira thymectomy. Babu tabbacin irin wannan sakamako, duk da haka. Mafi yawan mutanen da ke tare da myasthenia suna da ƙwayar thymus (thymoma), kuma likitoci sun yarda cewa an tilasta aikin tiyata a cikin waɗannan lokuta. Ko dai ana nuna alamarka a cikin wasu lokuta ba shi da cikakkiyar bayani, kuma ya kamata a tattauna tare da wani likitan ne a kan wani akwati ta hanyar bita.
Layin Ƙasa
Myasthenia gravis yana da mummunar cuta, amma akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a iya warkar da su don rage yawan rauni lokacin da yake faruwa da kuma taimakawa wajen rage yawan mita da kuma mummunan harin. Saboda mawuyacin tasiri tare da dukkan magunguna, dole ne a tattauna ma'anar kulawa tare da wani likitan ne wanda ke da kyakkyawan sanin ilimin myasthenia da kuma matsalolin da zai yiwu.
Sources:
Ka'idodi na Adams da Victor na Lafiya, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
Braunwald E, Fauci ES, et al. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison. 16th ed. 2005.
Sieb, JP (2014) Myasthenia gravis: sabuntawa ga likitan. Clinic & Experimental Immunology 175 (3): 408-18.
DISCLAIMER: Bayanin ilimi a wannan shafin shine don dalilai na ilimi kawai. Bai kamata a yi amfani dashi don maye gurbin kulawa ta sirri daga likitan lasisi. Don Allah a ga likitan ku don ganewar asali da kuma maganin duk wani abu game da bayyanar cututtuka ko yanayin kiwon lafiya .