Immunohistochemistry (IHC) wani gwaji ne na musamman da masu amfani da ilmin likita suke amfani da su don gano kwayoyin ƙwayoyi akan sel.
Lokacin da aka zartar da samfurin samfurin kamar kwayar cutar kumburi na lymph zuwa layi don a bincikar cutar, akwai cikakkun bayanai da ba za a iya ƙaddara su sauƙi ba.
Yawancin cututtuka ko ƙwayoyin cuta sunyi kama da juna ko sun bayyana suna da nau'i nau'i irin su a karkashin wani microscope amma suna da nau'ayi daban-daban da kuma jiyya daban-daban.
Hanyar da za a bambance su ita ce gano wasu kwayoyin halitta a kan waɗannan kwayoyin da suke aiki a matsayin alamomi.
Immunohistochemistry ne wata hanyar da ta ke amfani da kwayoyin halitta-wadanda zasu iya neman, gano da kuma haɗa kansu zuwa waɗannan alamomi akan kwayoyin. An tsara magungunan da kansu don yin aiki tare da alamomin da za a iya gano ko ganin su a karkashin wani microscope, irin su cin hanci, wanda zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da ainihin ganewa.
IHC ta samo aikace-aikace masu yawa a maganin, musamman a sanadin cutar sankara. Lymphomas suna cikin masu cutar da suka fi dogara ga IHC don ganewar asali da yanke shawara.
Karin bayani kan Immunohistochemistry
Wasu nau'i na cutar za a iya gani da sauri ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halitta da bayyanar su, ciki har da bayyanar da kwayar halitta, wasu sunadaran salula, da kuma siffar "al'ada ta jiki" na tantanin halitta, wadda ake kira kwayar halitta. Sauran cututtukan cututtuka sun tsaya ga mai lura kawai a lokacin da aka gano kwayoyin masu tsammanin a cikin "dukan unguwa" na sel.
Sauran bangarori na buƙatar irin nau'in bincike a matakin kwayoyin-a wasu kalmomi, likitoci sun bukaci sanin game da samfurori daban-daban - nuna wasu kwayoyin zuwa sunadarai, ko alamar da za a iya gano da kwayoyin cutar.
Wani lokaci immunohistochemistry yana taimakawa ba kawai gano ainihin lymphoma ba amma har ma don taimakawa wajen tsara siffar ƙaddamarwa, bisa ga alamomin da ke haɗuwa da yanayin ci gaba da raguwa da sauƙi.
IHC ga Lymphomas
Anyi amfani da lymphomas marasa lafiya na lymphocytes waɗanda suka tsaya a wurare daban-daban na ci gaba ko bambanta, da kuma amfani da IHC tare da magunguna daban-daban a cikin "panel" yana taimaka wajen gano ƙayyadaddun layi da ci gaba na lymphoma.
Ana amfani da wani ɓangaren magunguna daban-daban don ganin abin da alamun suna a kan lymphocytes. Wadannan alamu sukan fara da CD ɗin haruffa. Alal misali, alamar B-cell (CD20 da CD79a), alamar T-cell (CD3 da CD5), da sauran alamu kamar CD23, bcl-2, CD10, cyclinD1, CD15, CD30, ALK-1, CD138 ana iya amfani dashi daban-daban cututtukan jini ko alamar rashin lafiya.
Ka yi la'akari da lymphoma (FL) mai ban dariya a cikin zurfin zurfi a matsayin misali na wasu abubuwan da za a iya yi tare da IHC. FL shi ne karo na biyu mafi yawan kwararru na lymphoma na Hodgkin da ke cikin Hodgkin babban lymphoma B-cell (DLBCL) ya fi kowa. FL kuma misali ne na abin da aka sani da lymphoma maras amfani , ma'ana yana da ciwon daji wanda ke nuna ci gaban hankali da tsawon lokacin rayuwa, har ma ba tare da magani ba. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na likita don FL, amma cutar ta iya zama wanda ba daidai ba daga mutum zuwa mutum.
Akwai ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci, kamar Fassarar Ƙasa ta Duniya, kuma, musamman ma, Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen ba da hoto game da irin nauyin FL da kake hulɗa, da kuma yadda za a iya nuna hali.
A wani bangare, an gwada gwajin na IHC na lymphoma da "microenvironment" don gano idan binciken zai daidaita tare da halin da ake ciki na asibitoci, bisa ga binciken 2006 da aka buga a "Journal of Clinical Oncology".
Sources:
Masanan ilimin kwayoyin halittu na Yohe S. a cikin cutar cutar sankarar myeloid mai muni. Ustun C, Godley LA, eds. Jaridar Clinical Medicine. 2015; 4 (3): 460-478.
Lee HJ, Thompson J, Wang ES, et al. Philadelphia chromosome-tabbatacce m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo: Kula da yanzu da kuma ra'ayi na gaba. Ciwon daji . 2011; 117 (8) 1583-1594.
Somoza AD, Aly FZ. Amfani da gwajin kwayoyin a cikin cytopathology. CytoJournal . 2014; 11: 5
Alvaro T, Lejeune M, Salvadó MT, et al. Alamun immunohistochemical na microenvironment mai amsawa suna hade da halin clinicobiologic a cikin marasa lafiya na lymphoma follicular. J Jara Incol. 2006; 24 (34): 5350-7.
Rao YAKE. Matsayi na immunohistochemistry a lymphoma. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2010; 31 (4): 145-147. Doi: 10.4103 / 0971-5851.76201.