Tambayoyin Tambayoyi 4 Mafi Girma
Fahimtar alamun da bayyanar cututtuka na HIV yana bamu damar yin aiki (da kuma kauce wa) wasu da kyau kafin su faru. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa, sau da yawa babu alamun da ke nunawa a farkon cutar HIV, da kuma cewa lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta zo a bayyane, sau da yawa bayan cutar ta haifar da lalacewa ga tsarin lafiyar mutum.
Tsoro da rashin fahimta game da kwayar cutar HIV suna iya hana mutane daga neman magani da kulawa da suke bukata , tare da wasu kuskuren fassara kalmar "asymptomatic" kamar ma'anar "ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba."
Wasu kuma, a halin yanzu, jira har sai bayyanar cututtuka ta ƙara ƙaruwa ko watsi da su gaba daya har sai sun kare baya-rashin fahimtar cewa kawar da bayyanar cututtuka ba alama ce ta cigaba ba ko alamar "bayyananne" da aka dakatar da kamuwa da cuta.
Saboda haka yaduwar wadannan kuskuren cewa mutane da yawa suna cigaba da guje wa maganin rashin amfani, sau da yawa na shekaru. Yau, yawan adadin CD4 a farkon farautar maganin antiretroviral (ART) ya kasance ne kawai a fannoni 145 kawai / mL ga kasashe masu ƙasƙanci, 155 Kwayoyin / ML ga ƙasashe masu karɓar ƙasƙanci, Kwayoyin 135 / ML na ƙasashe masu karbar kudi na tsakiya, da kuma 274 Kwayoyin / ML a ƙasashe masu karɓar kudi.
(Jagoran Amurka suna bada shawara ga ART a ko fiye da CD4 ƙidaya na 500, yayin da mutane da CD4 a ƙasa da 200 suna dauke da cutar AIDS .)
Saboda haka yayin da yake da mahimmanci don gane alamun HIV, alamun kwaikwayo kadai ba zai iya tabbatar da ko kamuwa da cuta ya faru ko kuma idan kamuwa da cutar HIV ke bunkasa.
Sakamakon gwajin HIV kawai ko ganewar asali daga likitanka zai tabbatar da haka.
Abinda zaka iya yi shi ne koya kanka. Kuma duk yana farawa ne ta hanyar tambayar kanka wasu 'yan tambayoyi masu mahimmanci:
1. Mene ne alamun farko na HIV?
A cikin kashi 40 cikin 100 na cututtukan cutar HIV, cututtuka irin ta jiki za su ci gaba a cikin kwanaki 7-14 na shawagi. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa "ƙananan ciwon sikila" (ko ARS).
Kwayar cututtuka na iya kewayawa daga m zuwa mai tsanani kuma na ci gaba na tsawon watanni a lokaci kuma sun haɗa da:
- Fever
- Ciwon kai
- Sumi dare
- Malaise
- Myalgia (ƙwararren mutum, ciwon zuciya ko ciwo)
- Rash (kwaya-kamar a bayyanar da yawanci ana rarraba a kusa da sassan jiki da / ko hannayen hannu)
Koyi dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci wajen gane alamomi na ARS, da kuma yadda damuwa na farko zai iya hana ci gaban rashin lafiya na tsawon lokaci, duk da cutar HIV da kuma wadanda basu da HIV.
2. Mene ne cututtuka na kwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar mataki?
Yawancin cututtuka da suka danganci kamuwa da cuta ta farko sune saboda amsawar jikin ga HIV kanta, inda aka sanya tsarin rigakafi a kan babbar jijjiga a gaban wani mahaukaci na kasashen waje. Kwayoyin cututtuka na kamuwa da cutar ta baya-bayan nan yayin da kwayar cutar HIV ta ɓullo da kariya ta jiki, ta rage ikonsa na yaki da kamuwa da cuta. Koyi dalilin da ya sa wannan ya faru da kuma yadda HIV ba tare da kariya ba zai haifar da ci gaban abin da ake kira "AIDS".
3. Menene cutar cututtuka ta AIDS?
Kwayoyin cututtuka ana kiran su "opportunistic" lokacin da lalata tsarin kare lafiyar jiki ya ba da damar kwayoyin, ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran sauran ma'aikatan kasashen waje damar samun damar shiga. Daga cikin wadannan akwai cututtuka na AIDS, wadanda ke dauke da cututtukan cututtuka da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) suka tsara don kasancewa da haɗarin tsarin rigakafi a sakamakon cutar HIV.
A halin yanzu akwai yanayi 27 na asibiti dauke da cutar SIDA ke fassara:
- Kwayoyin cuta, mahara ko maimaitawa
- Abun takaici na bronchi, trachea, ko huhu
- Candidiasis na esophagus
- Ciwon jijiyoyin mahaifa (muni)
- Coccidioidomycosis , rarraba fiye da huhu
- Cryptococcosis, gabatar da waje na huhu
- Cryptosporidiosis , na kullum na hanji na fiye da wata daya
- Cutar cutar cytomegalovirus (banda cikin hanta, ƙwanƙara, ko ƙwayar lymph)
- Cytomegalovirus cuta tare da asarar hangen nesa
- Hanyoyin cututtuka (HIV)
- Herpes simplex cutar , wanda ya fi tsawon wata ɗaya ko a wani yanki ban da fata, irin su esophagus ko huhu
- Histoplasmosis , rarraba a waje na huhu
- Sarcoma Kaposi (KS)
- Lysthoid intstitial ciwon huhu ko ƙananan lymphoid hyperplasia hadaddun
- Burkitt lymphoma (ko daidai lokacin)
- Immunoblastic lymphoma (ko daidai lokacin)
- Lymphoma na farko na kwakwalwa
- Mycobacterium avium complexe ko Mycobacterium kansasii , disseminated waje da huhu
- Mycobacterium tarin fuka na kowane shafin (ƙwayoyin cuta, rarraba, ko waje da huhu)
- Mycobacterium, wasu nau'in ko jinsunan ba a san su ba, sun rarraba a waje na huhu
- Pneumocystis carinii ciwon huhu (PCP), haifar da naman gwari Pneumocystis jiroveci
- Ciwon huhu (maimaita)
- Matakan cigaba da yawa na leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Salmonella septicmia (maimaita)
- Toxoplasmosis na kwakwalwa
- Tarin fuka
- Cinwo ciwo
Koyi dalilin da yasa wadannan cututtuka suna dauke da cututtukan AIDs da kuma abin da kasancewar waɗannan yanayi ya ke nufi ga sakamakon lafiyar ku na tsawon lokaci.
4. Nawa zan iya zama idan na samu HIV?
Ɗaukakawar ta 2014 da Cibiyar Tattaunawa ta Kanjamau ta AIDS ta nuna cewa mutanen da suka fara cutar HIV a ko fiye da kashi CD4 na kwayoyin 350 / ML zasu iya jin dadin rayuwa wanda ya dace da-ko ma fi girma-da na yawan jama'a. Koyi abubuwan da ke haifar da fataccen rai ga mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV, da kuma yanayin da zai iya rage tsawon tsawon shekaru 22.
Sources:
Willard, S .; Holzemer, W .; Wantland, D .; et al. "Shin 'Asymptomatic' Ba Shi da Mahimmanci Ga Masu Rayuwa da Cutar HIV?" AIDS Care. Maris 2009; 21 (3): 322-328.
Ƙungiyar ISTA da Harkokin Kasuwanci na ART. "CD4 tana ƙidayawa a farawar ci gaba da maganin rigakafi na duniya, amma zai iya yin kyau!" Journal of Accepted Unficiency Syndromes. Janairu 2014; 65 (1): e8-e16. Doi: 10.1097