Kwayoyin cuta na yau da kullum na iya zama m cikin ciwon HIV
Mycobacterium avium complex, wanda aka fi sani da MAC, yana da mummunan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar da ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV. Yayinda kowa zai iya cutar da MAC, rashin lafiya yana nunawa ne kawai a cikin wadanda ke da tsarin kulawa da kariya.
Saboda haka, an kwatanta MAC a matsayin rashin lafiyar cutar kanjamau , yana dauke da ko'ina daga 20-40% na mutanen da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau wadanda ba su da maganin cutar kanjamau ko shan magunguna.
MAC tana da tsayin daka da rinjayar huhu, kodayake yawancin cututtuka ba su dauke da barazanar rai ba.
Duk da haka, idan adadin CD4 na mutum ya fadi a kasa da 50 cell / ml, MAC zai iya motsawa fiye da huhu kuma ya ƙunshi wasu manyan sassan kwayoyin, ciki har da hanta, yalwa, da kuma kasusuwa. Sai dai kamuwa da kamuwa da MAC zai iya zama mai tsanani ga rayuwa mai barazana.
Mene ne alamun ilimin MAC?
Magancin MAC sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin huhu ko intestines kuma zai iya kasancewa tare da 'yan kaɗan, idan akwai, alamun bayyanar. Duk da haka, idan a cikin yada (watsa) fiye da huhu da kuma cikin jini, zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Alamun farko na MAC watsawa sun hada da:
- Fever
- Sumi dare
- Hannu
- Rashin (yawancin lokaci saboda anemia)
- Diarrhea
- Asarar nauyi (cachexia)
- Abun ciki na ciki
Yaya aka gano MAC?
Maganin MAC ana bincikar shi ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje wanda zai iya gano kwayoyin MAC a cikin jini ko ƙashin kashi. An samo samfurori mai yalwa daga ɓangaren ƙuƙwalwa tare da allurar, yayin da samfurori na samo asali na jini.
An samo samfurin samfurin a cikin gwajin gwajin don sanin ko kwayoyin MAC akwai ko a'a. Wannan yana kusa da kwana bakwai.
Yaya Mutane Suka Sami MAC?
Cibiyoyin MAC suna zaune a kusa da mu, ciki har da ƙasa, abinci, da kuma dabbobi a yau da kullum. Ana iya samun kwayoyin MAC a yawancin ruwa na ruwa, ciki har da tsarin ruwa, da kuma cikin ƙurar gida.
Saboda haka, yana da matukar wuya a guje wa. A gefe guda, MAC ba ze wucewa daga mutum ɗaya zuwa mutum ba.
Ta yaya zan iya guji MAC?
Tun da kauce wa MAC ba wuya ba ne, watau hanya mafi kyau don kauce wa cututtuka shine tabbatar da cewa tsarin rigakafinka ya kasance marar kyau. Wannan ya fi kyau ta hanyar magance cutar HIV tare da maganin rigakafi (ART) . Yin amfani da ART ba wai kawai tabbatar da tsarin rigakafi ya kasance mai ƙarfi, yana riƙe da ƙididdigar CD4 mafi girma, zai iya mayar da aikin rigakafi ko da a cikin mutane da matsakaicin matsananciyar maye gurbin.
A halin yanzu, an bayar da shawarar ART ga dukan mutane da ke dauke da HIV a lokacin ganewar asali. Sakamakon asali da maganin farko ba kawai zai iya hana MAC da sauran cututtuka na hanzari ba, har ma yana da dangantaka da tsawon rai da ƙananan cututtukan HIV da kuma marasa lafiya na HIV.
A cikin kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar HIV dauke da kwayoyin CD4 a cikin kwayoyin halitta 50 ko mL, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayoyin yau da kullum don kare mafi girma daga MAC. Magunguna da ake amfani dasu sun hada da:
- Clarithromycin, irin kwayoyin da zasu iya hanzari MAC daga jini
- Azithromycin yayi la'akari da mahimmanci ga clarithromycin
- Rifabutin, wata hanya mai mahimmanci (ko da yake an san shi yana hulɗa da wasu kwayoyin cutar HIV)
Yaya aka bi MAC?
MAC cutar mafi yawancin bi da tare da hade da clarithromycin da ethambutol , tare da ko ba tare da rifabutin. Za a kuma fara amfani da ART ga wadanda basu rigaya ba.
Duk da haka, a cikin mutanen da ke da ƙananan CD4, akwai yiwuwar cewa bayyanar MAC za ta iya farfadowa har idan an fara ART. Wannan wani abu ne wanda aka sani da rashin ciwon ƙwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayar cuta (IRIS), wanda aka yi amfani da tsarin rigakafi mai rikitarwa ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da amsawar kullun jiki. Idan wannan ya auku, za'a iya tsara corticosteroids don magance cututtuka na IRIS da ke haɗaka da IRIS har sai da amsawar ta hanyar rigakafi.
Da zarar yawan mutum CD4 yana da fiye da 100 kwayoyin / mL kuma ya daidaita a sama da wannan matakin na watanni shida, za'a iya dakatar da maganin prophylactic.
Sources:
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH). "Sharuɗɗa don Rigakafin da magance cututtukan da ke tattare da kwayar cuta HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents - Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex cuta." Bethesda, Maryland; sabunta Mayu 17, 2013.
US Task Force Task Force (USPSTF). "Shirye-shiryen maganin cutar HIV: Dokar Bayar da Shawarwarin Bayar da Ta'addanci ta Amurka." Rockville, Maryland; Afrilu 2013.
NIH. "Farawa na Early Antirioviral na Farko Ya Kamata Sakamakon Sakamakon cutar HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; bayar da Mayu 27, 2015.