Dalili, Jiyya da Rigakafin Lafiya maras kyau
Rashin ciwo kan cutar HIV ya bayyana a matsayin ƙananan asarar nauyi da aka gani a marasa lafiya da kwayar cutar HIV. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC) da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV da ke fama da cutar AIDS a 1987, kuma ya nuna shi ta hanyar waɗannan ka'idojin:
- Rashin hasara na akalla 10%;
- yana faruwa a gaban ciwo ko rashin ƙarfi na kullum;
- tare da zazzabi da aka rubuta;
- don tsawon lokaci na akalla kwanaki 30;
- wanda ba'a iya samuwa ga yanayin da ya dace da juna banda cutar HIV kanta.
Rashin ci (cachexia) kada a dame shi tare da asarar nauyi, wanda ƙarshen ya haifar da asarar nauyin jikin. Ya bambanta, hasara yana nufin asarar girman jiki da kuma taro, mafi yawan maƙasa ƙwayar muscle. Zai yiwu, alal misali, ga wanda ke tare da kwayar cutar HIV ya rasa babbar ƙwayar tsoka yayin da yake fuskantar karfin jiki.
Mene ne ke haifar da ciwon HIV?
Yayin da kwayar cutar ta HIV take, jiki zai iya cinye yawan makamashi. A gaskiya ma, nazarin ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-har ma da wadanda ke da lafiya da kuma asymptomatic-za su ƙone 10% karin adadin kuzari a matsakaici fiye da mutanen da ba tare da kamuwa da cutar ba. Tun da yake sunadaran sunada mai sauƙin karuwa fiye da kitsen jiki, jiki zai bunkasa muscle na farko lokacin da aka rage kayan aiki ko kuma ba a samuwa cikin jini.
Rushewar sunadarai na kwayar cutar zai iya zama sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko rashin lafiyar jiki wanda jiki bai iya karbar kayan na gina jiki ba. A lokuta da cutar ta HIV, cututtuka na yau da kullum yana da alaƙa da cin hanci da rashawa, kuma yana iya haifar da cutar HIV kanta yayin da kwayar cutar ta haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin mucosal na hanji.
Wannan hasara mai zurfi (da kuma wani lokacin) asalin ƙwayar tsoka ya fi sau da yawa a lura da mutanen da ke fama da cutar AIDS, ko da yake zai iya faruwa a kowane mataki na cutar HIV .
Rigakawar cutar HIV da Antiretroviral Far
Kafin zuwan haɗuwa da maganin rigakafi (ART) , an kiyasta yawan fashewar da aka yi da kashi 37%. Duk da haka, duk da tasiri na ART, raguwa har yanzu yana da damuwa mai mahimmanci, tare da wasu nazarin da ke nuna cewa ko'ina daga 20% zuwa 34% na marasa lafiya zasu fuskanci wata matsala, duk da cewa ba a cikin matakan da suka faru ba.
Yayin da aka sani da ART don inganta asarar nauyi da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ga mutanen da suke tare da kwayar cutar HIV, bazai iya hana hasara na muscle ko maye gurbinsa ba idan an sake dawo da jikin jiki. Ƙari game da har yanzu shine gaskiyar cewa asarar kashi 3% na ƙwayar tsoka zai iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa a marasa lafiya da kwayar cutar HIV, yayin da asarar fiye da 10% ke hade da haɗari hudu zuwa shida.
Yin maganin da kuma hana yaduwar cutar HIV
A halin yanzu babu wani tsari na musamman don magance cutar ta HIV tun da akwai lokuta masu tasowa da ke taimaka wa yanayin (misali, rashin lafiya, magungunan magani, rashin abinci mai gina jiki).
Duk da haka, akwai cikakkun jagororin da za su bi domin ya dace da asarar nauyin nauyi da kuma raunatawa ga mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV:
- Gabatarwa na ART don rage haɗarin kamuwa da hankalinsu , ciki har da wadanda ke cikin gastrointestinal tract.
- Daidaita cin abinci don ƙara yawan caloric da kashi 10% (kuma har zuwa 30% daga wadanda ke farkawa daga rashin lafiya). Ƙididdigar abincin da zafin jiki, carbohydrates da gina jiki ya kasance daidai. Ilimantar da ilimin gina jiki da bada shawarwari ya kamata a binciko wadanda ke da matsala masu nauyi (ciki har da rashin nauyi ko rashin ciwo) ko rashin samun damar samun abinci mai lafiya.
- Tabbatar da motsa jiki na yau da kullum, mayar da hankali ga horarwa don karfafawa ko gina mahaɗin muscle.
- Duk da yake inganci na maye gurbin testosterone ba zai iya kasancewa a fili ba game da cutar ta HIV, ana iya kiran shi a cikin lokuta inda aka lura da rashin gurguntaccen gurguntaccen kwayar cutar (hypogonadism).
- Al'amarin abinci mai gina jiki (kamar Boost VHC, Tabbatar da Ƙari ko Nestlé Nutren) na iya taimaka wa mutanen da suke da wahalar cin abinci mai tsanani ko wadanda suke cinye amma basu iya samun nauyi. Duk da haka, kamar duk abincin da ake ci na abinci, waɗannan ba maƙasudin maye gurbin dacewa ba, daidaitaccen abincin abincin.
- Yayin da aka bada shawarar yin amfani da kowace rana don tabbatar da abincin da ake ci na abinci, akwai wasu shaidu da za su bayar da shawarar cewa mutum micronutrient supplementation yana da wani tasiri ko amfana a lokuta na kamuwa da cutar HIV (kuma yana iya, a gaskiya, ƙara cututtuka da malabsorption idan an dauki shi fiye).
- A yayin da ake ci gaba da ciwon hauka, binciken bincike na asibiti da bincike ya bada shawarar don gano yiwuwar haddasawa. Ya kamata a umarci magungunan maganin cutar daji don taimakawa wajen rage ko rage cututtukan cututtuka da ciwo na ciki. Cibiyar Abinci da Drug ta Amurka ta amince da miyagun ƙwayoyi Mytesi (mai shayarwa) a shekara ta 2012 don maganin cututtuka a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV.
- Idan akwai mummunar hasara, yin amfani da hormone (HGH) na iya taimakawa wajen sake mayar da tsoka a wasu lokuta, kodayake maganin yana da tsada sosai kuma sakamakon zai rage lokacin da aka dakatar da magani.
Sources:
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