Ta yaya Haɗakar Haɗuwa ta Riga HIV HIV?
Babu wata shakka cewa kwayoyi da ake amfani dasu don maganin cutar HIV sun ci gaba sosai a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Abin da wasu ba su gane ba ne yadda irin maganin cutar shan magani ya fara inganta tun daga shekara ta 1996 tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi guda uku ya canza yanayin da cutar ta samu.
Raccan Tarihin Harkokin Kwayoyin cuta
Kafin 1996, yawan rayuka na rai mai shekaru 20 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ya kasance shekaru 17.
Yayinda magungunan antiretroviral na lokacin sunyi jinkirin cutar, mummunar maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya ci gaba da sauri kuma mutane za su sami kansu tare da 'yan kaɗan, a kowane lokaci, zaɓuɓɓukan magani bayan' yan shekaru kaɗan.
A lokaci guda, nauyin nau'i na yau da kullum na iya zama abin ban mamaki. A wasu lokuta, mutum zai fuskanci kwayoyi 30 ko fiye da kowace rana, sau da yawa ana ɗauka a kowane lokaci a cikin sa'a hudu zuwa shida.
Daga bisani, a 1995, an gabatar da wani sabon nau'i na magungunan da ake kira protease inhibitors. Ba da jimawa ba bayan shekara guda, binciken uku ya tabbatar da cewa amfani da maganin maganin miyagun kwayoyi guda daya zai iya magance cutar kuma ya dakatar da cutar daga ci gaba .
A cikin 'yan gajeren shekaru biyu, gabatarwar hadewa ya haifar da kashi 60 cikin dari na mutuwar cutar HIV da cututtuka. Wannan wahayi ya kusantar da abin da za a iya sani da shekaru HAART (farfadowa mai magunguna).
Ci gaba a farfadowa tare
Duk da yake ba tare da kalubale ba, sababbin hanyoyin maganin rigakafi na yau da kullum sun ci gaba zuwa inda miyagun ƙwayoyi suke zama kawai inuwa daga abin da suke kasancewa.
Maganin ƙwayar cuta yana cike da hanzari don bunkasa yayin da dosing yana bukatar kusan kwayar kwayoyi kowace rana.
Mafi mahimmanci, tare da magani mai kyau, mutumin da ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV zai iya sa ran jin dadin rayuwa ta kusa . Bisa ga Cibiyar Nazari da Zane-zane ta Arewacin Amirka kan cutar kanjamau ta Arewacin Amirka, wani mai shekaru 20 da haihuwa ya kamu da ita a yau zai iya rayuwa sosai a cikin shekarun 70 da baya.
Yaya Ayyukan Antiretrovirals
Magungunan rigakafi ba sa aiki ta hanyar kashe rayukan cutar. Maimakon haka, sun zartar da toshe matakai daban-daban na kwayar cutar. Ta hanyar yin haka, cutar ba ta iya canzawa da yin takardun kansa. Idan magani ya ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba, yawancin bidiyo mai yawan gaske za su sauka zuwa wani wuri inda aka dauke shi babu wanda zai iya ganewa .
Saboda cutar ba a kashe shi ba, zai iya sake fitowa (komawa) idan magani ya tsaya ba da daɗewa ba. Haka kuma zai iya faruwa idan kwayoyi ba su kasance daidai ba kamar yadda aka tsara. Fiye da lokaci, jituwa marasa dacewa zai iya haifar da ci gaba da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da rashin nasarar rashin lafiya .
Ƙungiyoyin da ake amfani da kwayoyi
Haɗuwa da maganin cutar ta HIV yana aiki ne ta hanyar tsaida hanyoyi da dama daga cikin kwayar cutar HIV a yanzu. A halin yanzu akwai nau'o'i biyar na maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, kowane ɗayan da aka tsara ta hanyar mataki na rayuwa da suke hanawa:
- Shigar da masu hanawa
- Tsarin magungunan transcriptase baya
- Ƙananan maɓallin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta ba a tsakiya ba
- Haɗa masu hanawa
- Masu hana masu tsaro
Dukkanin sun fada, akwai maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin kwayar cutar.
Sabo da haka, ana ci gaba da maganin ƙwayoyi masu mahimmanci wanda zai rage kwayoyi guda uku zuwa kwayoyi biyu.
Sauran sharuɗɗa zasu iya ba da izinin sau ɗaya- daya ko sau ɗaya a cikin kashi ɗaya a cikin kwaskwarima maimakon kwayoyi.
Me ya sa haɗin haɗen haɗin gwiwa
Idan aka yi amfani da shi a hade, magungunan maganin antiretroviral kamar kamfanonin biochemical suna iya magance yawancin maye gurbi wanda zai iya wanzu a cikin kwayar cutar HIV. Idan miyagun ƙwayoyi A ba zai iya kawar da wani maye gurbi ba, to, ƙwayoyi B da C na iya yin abin zamba.
Gwaran gwajin gwajin gwajin likitocin kayan aikin da ake buƙatar gano maye gurbin maye gurbin kafin magani ya fara, ta hanyar yin haka, likita zai iya magance ta ta hanyar ɗaukar magungunan da ya fi dacewa wajen kawar da waɗannan maye gurbin.
Ta hanyar adadin yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar bidiyo, ba wai kawai kwayoyi suke aiki ba, yawancin sakamako ne kawai.
Za a iya amfani da magungunan cututtuka don rage ƙwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar mahaifi zuwa yaro , don kauce wa kamuwa da cutar bayan an yi haɗari da haɗari , ko kuma taimaka wa wani mutum mai cutar HIV wanda ya hana ya kamu da cutar .
> Sources:
> Hogg, R .; Samji, H .; Cescon, A., et al. "Sauye-sauyen yanayi a rayuwa Rayuwar HIV + Mutum: Arewacin Amirka." Taro na 19 a kan Magungunan Tsarin Kasuwanci da Hanyoyin Ciki (CROI). Maris 7, 2013; Seattle; jawabi na baka 137.
> Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; Ibrahim, A., et al. "Hanyoyin maganin cutar kanjamau na farko game da cutar kanjamau." New England Journal of Medicine. Afrilu 30, 2009; 360 (18): 1815-1826.
> Sax, P .; Meyers, J. Mugavero, M., et al. "Tsayawa ga maganin maganin cutar da maganin cututtuka tare da hadarin rashin lafiya a tsakanin likitoci marasa lafiya a Amurka." Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan Drug Far a cikin HIV Kamuwa. Nuwamba 8, 2010; Glasgow; gabatarwa 0113.
> Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'ar Amirka da Harkokin Dan Adam (DHHS). "Sharuɗɗa don Amfani da Agenttroviral Agent s a cikin HIV-1-Mai cuta Adults da Adolescent." Rockville, Maryland; sabunta Yuli 14, 2016.