Sanin cututtukan cututtuka shine mataki na farko don kauce musu
Hanyoyin cututtuka na kwayar cutar HIV sun bambanta kuma sun bambanta da mataki na kamuwa da cuta. Yawancin cututtuka da suka danganci kamuwa da cuta ta farko sune sakamakon mayar da martani ga kwayar cutar kanta, inda tsarin yaduwar ya haifar a gaban wani wakili na waje. Wadannan cututtuka sune, sabili da haka, sakamakon mummunan da ke faruwa a lokacin da jikin yake fama da kamuwa da cuta.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta na baya sun bambanta. Wadannan sun faru ne lokacin da kwayar cutar HIV ta ragu da ƙwayar jiki, ta rage ikonsa na yaki da kamuwa da cuta. Ƙananan amsawar gaggawa, mafi girma haɗari (da kuma kewayon) na cututtuka. Wadannan cututtuka sune, saboda haka, ma'anar HIV-ma'anar cewa yayin da kwayar cutar ta HIV ta ba da dama ga cututtuka don ci gaba, ƙwayoyin cututtuka sune sakamakon wani ƙwayar cuta mai mahimmanci (OI) .
Tsarin Juyawa
Yayin da mutum yana fama da kwayar cutar HIV, cutar ta wuce lokacin sauyawa tsakanin tsakanin mako daya zuwa uku. A wannan lokacin, yayin da kwayar cutar ta yadu cikin jiki, tsarin rigakafi yana haifar da amsa ta hanyar kare lafiyar. Wadannan kwayoyin cutar suna amfani da su don ganowa da kuma kawar da cututtukan cututtuka irin su HIV.
Gwajin HIV na yau da kullum suna dogara ne akan kasancewar kwayoyin cuta (ko hade da kwayoyin cuta da antigens) don tabbatar da cewa an kamuwa da cutar.
Idan an yi gwajin HIV sosai da wuri, a lokacin lokacin da ake kira window , rashin rashin lafiya zai iya haifar da sakamakon gwaji mai kyau.
Ƙananan Seroconversion
Zuwa lokaci mai saukowa yana biyo bayan mataki mai sauƙi , wanda aka kare da kare lafiyar jiki ta jiki kuma a cikin gwagwarmaya da cutar mai cutar.
Kwayoyin cututtuka da ke biyo bayan sintiriya na iya zama mai sauƙi da sauƙi kuskure ga mura. Ga wasu, a gaskiya, babu alamun bayyanar. Ga wasu, duk da haka, sakamakon zai iya zama daɗaɗɗa kuma yana dorewa. Kusan rabin mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar ta HIV za su fuskanci wadannan bayyanar cututtuka a lokacin da ake yiwa sukuwa:
- Fever
- Ciwon kai
- Sumi dare
- Malaise
- Myalgia (wani ƙwayar jijiyar jiki ko zafi)
- Rash (kwaya-kamar a bayyanar da yawanci ana rarraba a kusa da sassan jiki da / ko hannayen hannu)
Sauran bayyanar cututtuka na iya hada da ciwon ƙwayar cuta, bakin / bakin ciki, arthralgia (ciwon haɗin gwiwa), da kuma lymphadenopathy (kumburi na gindin lymph). Yawancin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka za su warware cikin mako guda zuwa wata daya a matsakaici, yayin da lymphadenopathy na iya zama wani lokaci har tsawon shekaru.
SIDA (Ciwon Cutar Dama da Bazzaranci)
AIDs (ko kuma samun ciwon rashin ciwo na rashin lafiya) shine mataki na kamuwa da cutar inda tsarin jiki na jikin ya yi sulhu, yana ba da damar ci gaba da cututtuka da jiki zai iya hana shi.
Da farko an fara aiki ne don kula da cututtukan cuta, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta HIV ta bayyana cewa cutar ta HIV ne da ke dauke da cutar HIV.
- ƙididdigar CD4 a karkashin kwayoyin 200 ta microliter (μL), da / ko;
- wasu sharuɗɗan yanayin HIV da bayyanar cututtuka.
Wadannan ka'idodin "wasu" sun ƙunshi cututtuka, kwayoyin halitta, da cututtuka na gastrointestinal da kuma cututtuka da sauran cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya shafar waɗanda ke da tsarin kulawa da jima'i.
Akwai halin yanzu fiye da 25 SIDA-ma'anar yanayi masu dacewa wanda zai iya gabatarwa a matakai daban-daban na kamuwa da cuta, sau da yawa fiye da CD4 kofa 200 kwayoyin / μL. Sai dai idan an yi amfani da farfado da maganin rigakafin rigakafi nan take, mutanen da ke da maganin cutar kanjamau suna rayuwa har tsawon shekaru uku a matsakaici.
Hanyoyin Dama da CD4 Count
Ƙididdigar CD4 ita ce hanyar da zata auna ƙarfin jiki kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun CD4 masu karewa suka ƙaddara.
A matsayinka na yau da kullum, mutanen da ke CD4 suna ƙididdigar fiye da 500 Kwayoyin / μL suna da sauki ga kamuwa da cuta.
Kwancen CD4 na al'ada zai iya kewayawa ko'ina daga tsakanin 500 zuwa 1600 sel / μL. Da zarar lambar ya kasance a ƙasa da 500, zai yiwu kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ya ƙara ƙãrawa kamar yadda shinge ba tare da kariya ba. Wadannan cututtuka, waɗanda aka lissafa ta CD4, zasu iya haɗawa da wadannan.
CD4 ƙidaya tsakanin 500 zuwa 250 Kwayoyin / μL:
- Candidiasis (ciki har da cin hanci da rashawa da ƙwayar yisti)
- Sarcoma na Kaposi (launin fata ko launin fata da cutar ta HHV-8 ta haifar)
- Launiyar gargajiya mai launi na fata (fararen fata, raunuka mai laushi masu launi da cutar Epstein-Barr)
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
- Herpes simplex
- Kwayoyin cuta ba tare da cutar ba (kamar yadda ya saba da cutar pneumonia)
- Tarin fuka (ko tarin fuka, wani kamuwa da kwayar cuta mai dauke da iska yana dauke da shi a cikin huhu)
CD4 ya ƙunshi tsakanin 250 zuwa 100 kwayoyin / μL:
- Pneumocystis jirovecii ciwon huhu (PCP, kamuwa da cuta daga cikin huhu)
- Ciwon daji na jijiyya
- Coccidioidomycosis (kamuwa da iska da kuma rashin lafiya na fungal na ƙasa), wanda aka fi sani da Valley Fever)
- Ƙananan tarin fuka (tarin fuka da ke gabatarwa a waje da huhu)
- Salmonella septicemia (wani jiki ƙonewa da lalacewar salmonella cikin jini)
- Kwararre na yaduwar jigilar kwayoyin halitta (ɓarna na esophagus)
CD4 ƙidaya tsakanin 100 zuwa 50 Kwayoyin / μL:
- Lymphoma non-Hodgkin (ko NHL; ƙungiyar ciwon daji da ke faruwa a cikin jini mai tsabta)
- Toxoplasmosis (wata hanyar protozoan wanda zai iya shafan sassa daban-daban na jiki)
- Kwayar cutar HIV (wanda aka sani da ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar cutar AIDS)
- Ƙararren ci gaba mai zurfi mai laushi (PML; ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa)
- Cryptococcosis (ƙwayar cuta wadda za ta iya rinjayar sassa daban-daban na jiki)
- Cystoisoporiasis (wani kamuwa da cuta na parasitic na intestines)
CD4 ƙidaya a ƙarƙashin 50 Kwayoyin / μL:
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, cuta mai cutar ta herpes wanda zai iya rinjayar ciwon ko kuma idanu)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC, wani cuta na kwayan cuta sau da yawa a cikin huhu ko intestines)
- Histoplasmosis (ƙwayar cuta ta jiki a cikin huhu)
- Sashen lymphoma na CNS na farko (ciwon daji ke fama da tsarin jin dadi)
- Ciwon ciwo na HIV (wani abu mai ban sha'awa, rashin asarar nauyi da ke da rauni da ciwo mai tsanani)
Layin Ƙasa
Babu bayyanar cututtuka - ko kuma rashin alamar cututtuka - suna nuna alamar cutar HIV. Idan ka yi zargin kana da kamuwa da cutar, je gidan asibiti mafi kusa, asibitin ko wurin shiga cikin gwajin HIV.
Ta hanyar gwadawa da wuri da kuma aiwatar da maganin cutar HIV a kan ganewar asali , mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV na iya rage yawan haɗarin cutar ta HIV yayin da suke kara yiwuwar al'ada ta kusa da yanayin rayuwa .
> Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "1993 Systemification System for Sida HIV da Ciwon Halitta Tsarin Magana ga AIDS a tsakanin matasa da kuma manyan." Rahoton Mutuwa da Bayar da Bayani na mako-mako. Disamba 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (DHHS). "Sharuɗɗa don Amfani da Ma'aikata marasa lafiya a HIV-1-Cutar Adults da Adolescent." Rockville, Maryland.
Ƙungiyar Nazarin Sake Farawa. Qaddamar da Ingantacciyar Harkokin Kwayoyin cuta a Early Early Childhood Clinical HIV infection. " New England Journal of Medicine. Yuli 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.