Fahimtar Bambancin Tsakanin Tsari da Matsayin Cutar
Kwayar kwayar cutar HIV ita ce maganin cutar rashin lafiyar mutum . Wannan nau'i ne na kwayar cutar da masana kimiyya suka tsara a matsayin retrovirus , wanda ke haifar da cututtuka ta hanyar ciwon jini da kuma kashe jini (wanda ake kira CD4 T-cell) na tsakiya ga tsarin rigakafin jiki. Yayin da aka kawar da wadannan kwayoyin, an sami jiki da kasa da kansa don kare kanta ba tare da cututtuka ba.
SIDA shine maganin ciwon rashin lafiya. Wannan mataki ne na kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta HIV inda aka yi amfani da tsarin rigakafi na mutum, ya bar jiki ya buɗe zuwa wasu cututtukan cututtuka masu mutuwa wadanda ake sani da cututtuka .
Saboda haka, HIV za a iya la'akari da dalilin da cutar AIDS kan sakamakon wannan kamuwa da cuta.
Menene A Retrovirus?
An duba retrovirus "retro" saboda yana rubutattun kwayoyin halittarsa a baya. A yawancin halittu masu rai, kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta sun hada da DNA zuwa RNA. A retrovirus ne na musamman a cikin cewa yana aiki a kishiyar shugabanci, ta yin amfani da RNA coding don samar da DNA a cikin kwayar cutar.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, an saka DNA sabon samfurin a cikin mahaɗar tantanin tantanin halitta ta cell, yana amfani da kayan sarrafa kwayoyin halittarsa don ƙirƙirar takardu da yawa, kowannensu yana iya harbawa da kuma kashe mutane da yawa na sauran mahalarta.
Kwayar cutar HIV tana sa ran jinin kwayoyin da ake kira "mataimaki" T-sel Sannan daga cikin wadannan su ne CD-T-cell, wanda aikinsa shine ya haifar da amsawar rigakafin jiki.
Ta hanyar rage yawan wadannan kwayoyin halitta, HIV ta rage ƙarfin jiki don ganowa da kuma tsayar da kwayar cutar, da kuma sauran wakilai (misali, maganin hoto, kwayar cuta, parasitic) zai iya kare kansa daga baya.
Abin da ke faruwa idan kana da cutar HIV?
Yaduwar cutar ta HIV ta yadu ne ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i, yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, yaduwar jinin hatsari, da kuma watsawa daga mahaifi zuwa yarinya a lokacin daukar ciki.
Ba za a iya daukar kwayar cutar HIV ta hanyar gumi, hawaye, guba, fure, ko fitsari.
A lokacin kamuwa da cuta (m) , kwayar cutar ta HIV ta haifar da karfi, ta ciwo da kuma lalata yawan adadin CD na T-CD. A sakamakon haka, hanyoyi na kare hakkin dan Adam na rayayye, kuma kamuwa da kamuwa da hankali an kama shi a hankali.
A wannan lokacin na ciwon kamuwa da cuta, cutar ba ta ɓace ba. Maimakon haka, yana cikin lokacin latency, wanda zai iya zama a ko'ina daga takwas zuwa 12. A wannan lokaci, kwayar cutar zata ci gaba da yin amfani da shi a hankali, sau da yawa tare da wasu alamun rashin lafiya . A gaskiya ma, sau da yawa ne kawai lokacin da farautar kamuwa da gangan ya nuna cewa mutum yana fara zaton yana da cutar HIV. A wannan lokaci, tsarin na rigakafi yawanci yana lalacewa, wani lokaci mai tsanani haka.
Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da yaduwar cutar HIV ba, wani ɓangare na cutar da ake kira provirus zai rataye cikin jikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma kyallen jikin jikin da ake kira tafkuna a ciki . Wadannan wuraren tanada suna samar da asibiti ta HIV ta hanyar kare su daga ganowa daga kare lafiyar jiki. Ko da yake an kawo kwayar cutar ta HIV tare da yin amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi , wadannan magunguna suna da damar ci gaba, suna shirye su sake fitowa kamar yadda HIV ta kasance cikakke a lokacin da rashin lafiya ya kasa ko tsarin da ba shi da tushe ya rushe.
Me ke faruwa idan an gano mutum akan cutar AIDS?
AIDs ba cutar ba ne amma ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV a inda aka yi mummunar mummunar matsalar ta jiki. Dabarar, an bayyana SIDA ta hanyar koyon CD4 a karkashin kwayoyin halitta 200 a cikin microliter (μL) ko ta hanyar ganewar cutar rashin lafiya da ake kira AIDS .
(Dalilan CD4 na yau da kullum a kan iyaka daga tsakanin 800 zuwa 1600 sel da μL.)
Idan aka bari ba tare da an hana shi ba, wacce ke fama da cutar AIDS ta tsawon lokaci zai kasance tsakanin watanni shida zuwa 19. Ya bambanta, mai shekaru 35 da haihuwa ya fara aiki a kan maganin antiretroviral (ART) zai iya cimma matsayi na rayuwa daidai da na yawan jama'a , bisa ga bincike daga Birtaniya
Gudanar da Cibiyar Nazarin Jakadancin HIV.
Daga karshe, magani yana da mahimmanci don kaucewa cututtuka na HIV da sabunta aikin aiki. Ko da a cikin mutane da ciwon ci gaba, yin amfani da ART zai iya kawar da ikon da HIV ke iya yi, don haka ya sa CD-T-cell su sake komawa kusa da al'ada (kuma a wasu lokuta, na al'ada).
Bugu da ƙari kuma, binciken da aka yi na Gudanar da Zaman Lafiya na Jirgin Amurka (START) ya bayyana cewa farkon samarda ART ya ba da kashi 53 cikin 100 na hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan HIV da cututtuka ba tare da HIV ba.
A sakamakon wadannan da sauran nazarin, duka Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da kuma Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jama'ar Amurka a yau sunyi kira ga aiwatar da ART a lokacin ganewar asali , ba tare da la'akari da yawan CD4 na mutum, mataki na cutar ba, wuri, ko samun kudin shiga.
Kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs ta duniya
Tun lokacin da aka gano shi a shekarar 1981, an sanya cutar ta HIV fiye da mutane miliyan 30 a duniya. A duniya, akwai mutane fiye da miliyan 35 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a yau, 69% daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin Saharar Afrika.
A Amurka, kimanin mutane miliyan 1.2 suna fama da cutar HIV, bisa ga kulawa daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka a Atlanta. Daga cikin wadannan, 20-25% an kiyasta su zama wadanda ba a san su ba.
Yayin da yake fadada damar yin amfani da ART ya rage yawan mutuwar cutar AIDS , a Amurka da kasashen waje, yawancin kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba da tasowa a kasashe masu yawa, ciki har da Afirka ta Kudu inda yawan kwayar cutar HIV ya karu da 100,000 daga 2010 zuwa 2011 kadai.
Hukumar WHO da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sunyi amfani da su wajen sake yin hakan tare da aiwatar da shirin 90-90-90 , wanda ke da nufin ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen maganin ƙasa ta hanyar:
- yana tabbatar da matsayin HIV na kashi 90 cikin dari na dukan mutanen da ke dauke da HIV;
- sanya 90% a kan waɗanda aka tabbatar a kan antiretroviral far, kuma;
- tabbatar da cewa kashi 90 cikin dari na wadanda ke kan farfadowa suna iya cimma cikakken maganin hoto .
Ta hanyar yin haka, an yi imanin cewa za a iya rushe ƙwayar cuta ta duniya a matsayin kusan kamu 200,000 a ranar 2030.
Sources:
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH). "Fara farautar yarinya da sauri ya inganta sakamakon da cutar ta kamu da cutar HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; bayar da Mayu 27, 2015.
Mayu, M .; Gompels, M .; da kuma Sabin, C. "Rayuwar rai na HIV-1-positive mutane sun fuskanci yanayin al'ada a kan hanyar maganin cutar antiretroviral: Birtaniya ta haɗin Gwiwar Kwalejin HIV." Jaridar Cibiyar AIDS ta Duniya. Nuwamba 11, 2012; 15 (4): 18078.
Ƙungiyar Nazarin Sake Farawa. "Gaddamar da farfadowa da maganin cutar kanjamau a Early Asymptomatic HIV infection." New England Journal of Medicine. Yuli 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
Masana kimiyya ta mutum (HSRC). "Cibiyar Binciken Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu ta Afirka ta Kudu, Bincike da Rashin Lafiya, 2012." Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu; Disamba 2014.
Shirin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Saurin gudu: Ƙare cutar AIDS ta 2030." Geneva, Switzerland; bayar da Disamba 1, 2014.