Cututtukan da aka haɗu da Babban Haɗarin Mutuwa, Cutar Damage
Kwayar cutar HIV tana iya lalata tsarinka na rigakafi; wannan abu ya bayyana. Yayinda kwayar cutar HIV ta kara aiki kuma tana yin ƙarin kwafin kanta, lalacewa zai iya ƙara zama mai tsanani, wanda hakan zai haifar da haɗari ga ƙaddamar da cututtuka .
Daya daga cikin mafi tsanani shine cututtukan da ake kira progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) . An bayyana yanayin da sunansa: "leuko" ma'anar fari, "kwakwalwa" ma'ana kwakwalwa, da kuma "hanya" ma'anar cutar.
Kamar yadda irin wannan PML shine ci gaba da lalacewar batutuwa na kwakwalwa a wurare masu yawa (multifocal).
Halin yana haifar da ƙaddamar da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa mai ƙyalƙiri wanda ke rufe ɗakunan kwakwalwa, musamman ma batun farin ciki na kwakwalwa. Yayin da cutar ta karu, PML tana nunawa sosai a matsayin hanyar sclerosis (MS) , albeit sauri.
Kwayar da ke da alhakin PML ita ce mafi yawan mutane da aka nuna su da ake kira cutar JC (ko kuma John Cunningham virus). Yayin da aka kiyasta cewa kashi 70-90 na yawan mutanen duniya sun kamu da kwayar cutar, zai iya haifar da cutar idan mutum yana da ciwo mai tsanani kamar yadda ya faru da cutar AIDS.
PML yana da mummunar mace mai mutuwa sau ɗaya da aka gano, tare da kashi 30-50 cikin dari na mutanen da ke mutuwa a farkon watanni na ganewar asali. Wadanda suka tsira yawanci suna da nau'o'in nau'i na kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa-wasu matsakaici, wasu masu tsanani.
PML zai iya faruwa a yayin da mutum mai cutar HIV ya sami kashi CD4 a ƙarƙashin 100 kwayoyin / mL.
A takaice dai, an gano asirin AIDS yayin da CD4 ya sauko a kasa 200 kwayoyin / mL
Alamomi da cututtuka na PML
Alamar da alamun bayyanar PML na iya zama kamar sauran yanayi, musamman a farkon farkon sa. Yawanci, alamun kawai na matsala na iya haɗawa da:
- Tashin hankali a hannun ko kafafu
- Dandanancin tunani ko mayar da hankali
- Rashin daidaituwa
- Ciwon kai
Sau da yawa, mutane suna kuskuren wannan bayyanar don gajiya, magungunan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko ma fashewa mai sauƙi ko tsaikowa mai tsauri . Yayin da PML ke cigaba, mafi yawan cututtuka na iya tasowa, ciki har da maganganun maganganu da hangen nesa, da kuma rikice-rikicen hali.
A wasu lokuta, marasa lafiya na iya shawo kan abin da ake kira ciwon sikila mai hannu wadda hannu yake motsawa ba tare da mutum ba ko da yake sanin shi ko iya sarrafa shi.
Binciken asali na PML
PML iya yawanci an gano shi a cikin hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Ta hanyar nazarin kwayar cututtuka na shaidar shaidar kwayoyin cutar ta JC wanda MRI (Binciken Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ya goyi bayan tabbatar da jigilar kwayoyin cutar cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa.
- Bayan haka, za'a iya amfani da kwayar cutar kwakwalwa, tare da dabaru don tabbatar da kasancewar cutar ta JC.
Shin akwai magani ga PML?
Kafin zuwan maganin rigakafi (ART) , PML ya kasance mai mutuwa a cikin 'yan makonni ko watanni na ganewar asali. Duk da yake babu wata magungunan da zai iya magance magungunan PML da kyau, maganar ART za ta iya rage yawancin alamun ta hanyar mayar da wasu ayyukan aikin rigakafi na mutum.
An nuna cewa ART na iya tsawanta rayuwar mutum tare da PML na tsawon shekaru.
A gefen haɗuwa, haɗarin PML za a iya kiyaye shi sosai ta hanyar tabbatar da fara aiwatar da ART, daidai lokacin lokacin ganewar asali da kuma kafin raguwa da aikin rigakafi.
An gano wasu magungunan gwaje-gwajen, ko da yake sakamakon yana haɗuwa ko anecdotal a mafi kyau. Sun hada da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi mefloquine da magani tare da interleukin-2 (wani sinadarin dake sarrafa jini mai tsabta).
Har zuwa yau, akwai ƙananan ƙananan mutum wanda ya bayyana cewa an warkar da shi daga PML ta amfani da mefloquine, yayin da marasa lafiya biyu sun sake dawowa da amfani da sunadaran immune, interleukin-2.
Abin takaici, a duk lokuta biyu, yawan rashin ciwon da ke tattare da yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana haifar da magani ga wadanda ke tare da PML.
Sources :
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH). "Ci gaba mai zurfi Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Information Page" Washington, DC; sabunta Fabrairu 14, 2014; ya shiga Fabrairu 24, 2016.
Shackelton, L ;; Rambaut, A ;; Pybus, G .; et al. "Juyin Halitta na JC da kuma dangantaka da yawan mutane". Journal of Virology . 2006; 80 (20): 9928-9933.
Gofton, T .; Al-Khotani, A; O'Farrell, B .; et al. "Mefloquine a cikin jiyya na cigaba multifocal leukoencephalopath y". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. Yuni 2010; 82 (4): 452-455.
Buckanovich R. Liu, G .; Stricker, C; et al. "Abun allogeneic wanda bai dace ba ne ya sassaukar da kwayar cutar lymphoma ta Hodgkin ta hanyar interleukin-2 mai karɓar ci gaba mai yawa. Shekaru na Hematology. Yuli 2002: 81 (7): 410-413.