Cystoisosporiasis (wadda aka fi sani da isosporiasis) wani ƙwayar cuta ne wanda ba a sani ba na ƙwayoyin hankalin da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin {asar Amirka (CDC) ta kafa a matsayin yanayin AIDS . Yaduwa a duniya yana da sauƙi, tare da cututtuka da ke faruwa a mafi yawan wurare na wurare masu zafi ko yankuna mai zurfi (musamman Caribbean, Amurka ta tsakiya da Afirka ta Kudu).
Tare da zuwan haɗuwa da maganin rigakafi (ART) , cystoisosporiasis ana daukar karuwanci a tsakanin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin duniya ci gaba. Duk da haka, an gano annobar annobar lokaci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawanci saboda matafiya da suka dawo ko masu hijira daga yankuna masu zafi.
Causal Agent
Cystoisosporiasis an lalacewa ta hanyar Cystoisospora belli ( C. belli ), wani na hanji m a dangantaka da Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) da kuma Cryptosporidium .
( T. gondii da Cryptosporidium shine haɗari masu haɗari ga wasu yanayi biyu na SIDA, toxoplasmosis na kwakwalwa da cryptosporidiosis , bi da bi.)
Hanyar sauyewa
Mutane ne kawai sanannun runduna ga C. belli , wanda cutar ta yadu ta hanyar abinci ko ruwa wanda aka gurbata tare da fata daga mutane masu cutar. Hakanan yana iya yiwuwar aikawa ta hanyar jima'i-jima'i-jima'i ("rimming").
Cutar cututtuka
Kwayar cututtuka na iya wucewa har tsawon makonni kuma sun hada da ciwon ciki na ciki da kuma ciwo mai cututtukan ruwa, tare da rauni da ƙananan zazzaɓi.
Don mutanen da ba su da haɗin kai, wadannan alamun sun iya cigaba da ciwon shayarwa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko cachexia idan ba a bar su ba.
A cikin mutane marasa lafiya, cutar CB infection ta zama mai matukar damuwa.
Sanin asali
An gabatar da gabatarwar asibiti daga cryptosporidiosis kuma yana buƙatar nazarin microscopic binciken samfurin mai haƙuri (ko, wani lokacin, wani biopsy na bango na intestinal) don tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Jiyya
Cystoisosporiasis an fi dacewa da shi tare da kwayoyin sulfa na tushen sulfa, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ).
A cikin wadanda ba su da kwarewa, cystoisosporiasis yana da ƙwayar cuta ne kawai kuma yakan magance shi a cikin 'yan kwanakin magani. Mutum ba tare da jimawa ba tare da CD4 ƙidaya a ƙarƙashin 150 Kwayoyin / μL kullum amsa kasa da kyau kuma suna iya dawowa sau daya an dakatar da farfadowa. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya nuna ƙaramin rai na TMP-SMZ.
Epidemiology
Cystoisosporiasis yana da damuwa a Afirka, Australia, Caribbean, Latin Amurka da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A wa] ansu} asashe, irin su Haiti, yawancin mutane 15% ne ke cutar da C. belli. Daga cikin mutane da ke cike da kwayar cutar HIV (CD4 ƙididdiga a ƙarƙashin 200 Kwayoyin / ML), ƙimar ya fi girma, yana motsawa kusan 40%.
Taron duniya ya taimaka wajen yaduwar cutar a wasu yankuna, tare da fashewa guda daya da aka lura a yankin Los Angeles daga 1985 zuwa 1992. A cikin wannan misali, an tabbatar da cututtuka a yankunan yan asalin Sespanic kuma kusan dukkanin wadanda aka zaba suna da cutar AIDS. Yanayin jituwa ya bambanta daga tsakanin kashi 5-7%.
Kwanan nan, mazauna yankin Atlanta sun yi imanin cewa sun kamu da cutar da C. Belli a cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, tare da mutum daya ya ruwaito cewa sun dawo daga tafiya zuwa Kenya.
Talla a cikin ƙasashe masu rashin talauci, ƙasashe masu tasowa sun karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda ƙaddamar da amfani da TMP-SMZ, maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka ba da kwayar cutar don hana pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV.
Fassara: zane-to-eye-spore-EYE-uh-sis
Har ila yau Known As: Isoporiasis
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "Ƙarin Shafin A - Yanayin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar AIDS." Atlanta, Jojiya; nazarin karshe na Nuwamba 20, 2008.
Heyworth, M. "Magunguna marasa lafiya a cikin rundunonin immunocompromised." Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, and strongyloidiasis. " Gastroenterology Clinics na Arewacin Amirka. 1996; 25 (3): 691-707.
Lagrange-Xélot, M .; Porcher, R .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Isosporiasis a marasa lafiya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin yanayin da ake yi na maganin rigakafi a Faransa." HIV Medicine. Fabrairu 2008; 9 (2): 126-130.
Guiguet, M .; Furco, A ;; Tattevin, P .; et al. "Harkokin cutar HIV ne ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta: abin da ke faruwa da kuma matsaloli a asibitin asibitin Faransa kan HIV." HIV Medicine. Maris 2007; 8 (2): 124-130.
Sorvillo, F .; Lieb, L; Seidel, J. et al. "Tsarin annoba na isosporiasis tsakanin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon rashin lafiya a Los Angeles County." Jaridar American Journal of Medicine Tropical and Hygiene . Disamba 1995; 53 (6): 656-9.
Petchenik, M. "Doctors sun yi imanin cewa cutar ta haifar da rashin lafiya a yankin Atlanta." Dayton Daily New; da aka buga Yuli 15, 2015.
DeHovitz, J; Pape, J. Boncy, M .; et al. "Harkokin gwaji da farfado da cutar Isospora belli a marasa lafiya da ciwon rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya." New England Journal of Medicine . Yuli 10, 1986; 315 (2): 87-90.