Cuba na samar da sigari, da rum da ... maganin alurar rigakafi.
Lokacin da yawancin jama'ar Amurkan ke tunanin Kyuba, suna tunanin Fidel a cikin fatigues, cigaba da cigaba, yatsin ruwan sha da kuma jigilar tsoffin kamfanonin Amurka a cikin shekarun 1960. Duk da irin wannan ra'ayi, Cuba shine jagoran duniya a bincike na likita tare da samun nasarar ci gaba da maganin alurar rigakafi. Bayanan kula, Magunguna suna komawa ga duk wani abu da ke haifar da wani abu na ainihi ko ya kasance a mayar da martani ga kwayan cuta ko cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka ko wasu cututtuka kamar ciwon daji.
A cikin shekaru 25 da suka wuce, masu bincike a Cibiyar Kwanan Tsarin Masarautar Mubaya ta Cuba suna nazarin CIMAvax EGF, maganin alurar rigakafin da ke dauke da matakan cigaba da cutar kanjamau (NSCLC). Musamman, wannan alurar rigakafi ya haifar da tsarin rigakafi na jiki don samar da kwayoyin cutar don magance epidermal-growth-factor (EGF), wani ɓangaren ci gaba da ba a bayyana a cikin kwayoyin tumo ba. CIMAvax EGF ta sami yalwacin kulawa da jarida kuma zai fara gwajin gwaji a Amurka tare da bege cewa maganin zai iya hana rigakafin cutar huhu.
Baya ga CIMAvax EGF, masu binciken bincike na Cuban suna da wuya a aiki a kan wani maganin rigakafin da ake kira Racotumomab-Alum Vaccine (Vaxira) wadda ke nufin NSCLC. Da wannan a zuciyarsa, bari mu bincika abin da muka sani game da kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar Racoltumomab-alum.
Mene ne cutar ciwon huhu na kananan kwayoyin cutar (NSCLC)?
A Amurka, cutar kanjamau ta kashe mutane da mata fiye da kowane irin ciwon daji.
(Babban matsala ne a Cuba, kuma a wani ɓangare na godiya ga dukan Cuban cigar.) NSCLC (kamar yadda ya saba da cutar ciwon huhu na kananan ƙwayoyin cutar ciwon daji) shi ne mafi yawan kwayar cutar ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa, yana lissafin kashi 75 cikin 100 na duk lokuta. Abin takaici, kimanin kashi 70 cikin dari na mutane suna koyon cewa suna da NSCLC ne kawai bayan da cutar ta zama ci gaba ko ci gaba.
Kamar yadda mutane da yawa ka sani, ciwon huhu na huhu yana haifar da tari, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, asarar nauyi, rauni da ƙarshe mutuwa. Magungunan ciwon huhu na ƙwayar cuta zai iya yada zuwa kasusuwa, hanta, da kuma kwakwalwa kuma ya haifar da wani mummunar alamar bayyanar cututtuka.
Lokacin da aka kama NSCLC da farko, tiyata shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Kamar yadda aka ambata, duk da haka, yawancin mutanen da ke NSCLC suna bincikar su a wasu lokuta tare da chemotherapy kasancewa mafi kyawun magani na farko. Babu magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ko kuma rediyon rediyo ya tabbatar da tasiri sosai wajen bunkasa rayuwar waɗanda ke tare da NSCLC. Bugu da ƙari, masana da yawa sunyi imanin cewa mun riga mun buga bango na tubali dangane da iyakar adadin lokacin rayuwa wanda aka tsara ta hanyar maganin maganin ƙwayar platinum.
Tare da amfani da chemo ko magani na farko a cikin NSCLC zai iya sanyawa, masu bincike sunyi sha'awar maganin na biyu. Musamman ma, masu bincike sun mayar da hankali kan farfadowa ko maganin farfadowa . Gidajen gyaran gyare-gyare yana nufin aikin ci gaban ci gaba da maganin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullum har sai ciwon daji ya fadi da ci gaba. Sauya farfadowa yana nufin sauyawa zuwa daban-daban jamiái bayan tsarin farko na chemotherapy; daya daga cikin wakili shine maganin rigakafin racotumomab-alum.
Alurar rigakafi na Racotumomab-alum don ciwon huhu na huhu
Cuban cutar kanjamau racotumomab kuma CIMAvax EGF duka biyu immunotherapy jamiái. Tare da immunotherapy, masu bincike sun yada tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji da sauran cututtuka. Yawancin lokaci, jikinmu baya yada kwayoyin cutar kanjamau amma ana iya "yaudara" don yin haka tare da maganin alurar rigakafi da sauran nau'o'in immunotherapy.
Musamman, racotumomab (a cikin wani tsohuwar adjuvant) shine mai cin zarafi guda daya wanda ke nuna magungunan gangliowo a Neuglycolyl (NeuGc), wani glycolipid da aka samu kawai a cikin kwayoyin tumo. Saboda haka Racotumomab ya kafa wani maganin gaggawa inda jikin ya kai kwayar cutar ciwon da ke dauke da Neuglycolyl.
A takaice dai, Neuglycolyl yayi aiki ne a matsayin mai yiwuwa immunomodulator wanda ya saukarda amsawar na rigakafi.
Har zuwa yau, bincike akan racotumomab an ƙayyade shi zuwa gwaji na II da na gwaji na gwaji na III. Ko da yake iyakancewa a iko da ikonsa, sakamakon wadannan gwaji sun ƙarfafa. A cikin nazarin daya, an bazara tsawon lokaci na tsawon watanni 8.23 ga mutanen dake da NSCLC masu tasowa wadanda suke samun maganin alurar rigakafi. (Saitunan farko shine chemo.) Tun da yake, a cikin masu bincike da suka karbi raguwa (ƙungiya mai kula da ita), yawan lokacin rayuwa na tsawon watanni 6.8. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwa mai ci gaba da rayuwa ta ci gaba shi ne watanni 5.33 a wa anda ke samun maganin alurar riga kafi tare da 3.90 watanni a cikin rukuni.
Bugu da ƙari don samar da wasu ƙwayoyi na mutuwa, bincike ya nuna cewa rigakafin racotumomab-alum yana da lafiya kuma yana da mummunan sakamako wanda yafi iyakance ga ciwo a masallacin inji ko ciwo na kashi. Bugu da ƙari, maganin alurar rigakafi ne mai sauƙi, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2011, gwamnatin Cuban ta rigaya ta rigaya ta rigakafi da mutane tare da NSCLC na kasa da dala daya.
Gaskiya, cin zarafi na tsawon watanni na tsawon rai ga mutumin da ke fama da ciwon daji na huhu zai iya zama wanda ba shi da muhimmanci. Duk da haka, dole ne mu tuna cewa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon huhu na huhu, tsawon watanni na tsira - musamman tsira da tsiraici - ba zai iya ba da damar yin karin lokaci tare da ƙaunataccen mutum da kuma shirya al'amuran al'amuran. Bugu da ƙari, kodayake tsawon lokaci na tsawon rayuwa shine kimanin watanni 8 (tuna cewa tsakiyar tsakiya shine tsakiya), mutane da yawa da ke samun maganin rigakafi na racotumomab-alumma na rayuwa fiye da wannan - musamman ma wadanda ke da IgM da IgG mai karfi ba tare da amsa ba.
Lokaci kawai da nazari na gaba zai gaya mana tasirin da racotumomab zai yi akan cutar jijiyoyin huhu. Alal misali, ba mu san ko wannan maganin za a iya amfani dashi a baya a maganin cutar ba maimakon a sake shi zuwa magani na karshe. Ko da ƙarfafawa, wasu bincike na farko sun nuna cewa za a iya amfani da maganin alurar rigakafi tare da cutar baƙar kwarjini kawai ba, amma gaurayar nono da kuma melanoma.
Tare da rikice-rikice na siyasa tsakanin Amurka da Cuba da saukewa da haɗin kai a sararin samaniya, ba za mu iya tsammanin ba kawai a sake komawa kasuwancin ba har ma da musayar bayanai. Kyuba yana ba da wadataccen ilmi na ilimin likita, kuma bincike na likita ya kasance mai da hankali ga gwamnatin Castro shekaru da yawa. Ganin cewa wasu ƙasashe sunyi raguwa a cikin rigakafi, Cuba ya taimaka wajen jagoranci filin. Don yin tunani, Cuba ya yi irin wannan binciken a cikin ƙananan matsaloli na kasafin kuɗi na musamman ... wani kasafin kudin da ke samar da kudaden NIH da suka yi wahala mai tsanani kamar ƙarancin caca.
Sakamakon Zaɓuɓɓuka
Mataki mai suna "A Randomized, Multicenter, Testing Clinical Trial of Racotumomab-Alum Vaccine a matsayin Switch Maintenance Far a Advanced Man-Small Cell Ciwon Daji Ciwon daji" by S Alfonso da co-marubuta da aka buga a Clinical Cancer Research a 2014. Accessed on 5 / 22/2015.
Mataki na asali mai suna "Tsaro da Ƙarfin Lafiya na Racotumomab-Alum Vaccine a matsayin Hanya na Biyu na
Ciwon ƙwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayar ƙananan marasa lafiya "ta E. Santiesteban da aka wallafa a cikin Jarida ta Duniya ta Cibiyar Harkokin Cutar Clinical a shekarar 2014. An samu damar ranar 5/22/2015.