B-cell, wanda ake kira B-lymphocyte, wani nau'in jini ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare jikinka daga kamuwa da cuta. Ba tare da B-sel ba, jikinka ba zai zama tasiri a yakin basirar kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawan gaske; kuma ba za ku rasa aikin "ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar" ba wanda ke da mahimmanci bayan ya dawo daga kamuwa da cuta ko kuma bayan an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an yi masa rigakafi.
B-kwayoyin, kamar sauran kwayoyin jini, sun fito ne daga jikin kwayoyin da ke jikin sabo wanda ke zaune a cikin kututture mai soso, musamman ma a wasu kasusuwa kamar kashi na hanji da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin jini suna haifar da b-sel ta hanyar jerin matakai. Bayan sun yi girma, ƙwayoyin B suna cikin jininka kuma a wasu sassan jikinka kamar su cikin ƙananan lymph .
Akwai nau'o'in lymphocytes guda biyu: T-sel, da kuma B-sassan. Idan kana da gwajin CBC na jini, a cikin labarun gwagwarmaya za ka samu raguwa da nau'o'in jini da kuma kashi-kashi, ciki har da lymphocytes, amma babu bambanci game da waccan lymphocytes su ne kwayoyin T da kuma B- Kwayoyin.
Abin da B-Cells ke yi a cikin Jiki Lafiya
Babban alhakin ƙwayoyin B ya haɗa da amsawar jiki ga masu haɗari na kasashen waje ta hanyar abin da aka sani da rigakafin damunta. Kwayoyin B suna "kunna" lokacin da suke fuskantar maganin antigens na waje, kamar yadda a cikin alamomin kasashen waje a waje da kwayoyin kwayoyin yayin da suke kamuwa da cutar.
Dangane da irin wannan kamuwa da cuta, kwayoyin B za su iya bambanta cikin kwayoyin plasma-kwayar cutar ta jiki ta jikin mutum. Kwayoyin Plasma suna samar da manyan sunadarai da ake kira immunoglobulins, ko kwayoyin cuta, wadanda suke haɗuwa da nauyin wakilan kasashen waje. Wadannan kwayoyin suna aiki ne a matsayin flags, ko flares a kan wani wurin yaƙi, idan kana so; sun tara wasu kwayoyin karewa a cikin jini zuwa shafin, suna aiki don kashe kwayar cutar ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta.
Har ila yau, suna siffanta wasu kwayoyin halittar rigakafi, ɗayan kuma, yakin basasa a kan mahayin. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rigakafi, wanda ke kula da jiki daga kamuwa da cuta. Wannan bangare na rigakafin da ke dogara ga magunguna an kira shi azabtarwa. Takaddama ga takaddama na kullun shine rikitarwa na kwayoyin halitta.
Ta yaya B-Cells Ya Bamu Immunai?
Wani ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai suna B-cell, wanda ake kira B-cell mai banƙyama, ta kewaya a cikin jini, yawanci yakan ƙare a cikin rami ko ƙananan ƙwayar cuta. Ana cigaba da aiki ta antigen, wanda zai iya zama duk abinda jiki yake tsammani shi ne kasashen waje, irin su wani ɓangare na kwayar cuta, ko kuma ɓangaren kwayar cututtukan kwayoyin cuta. T-kwayoyin T suna da hannu cikin wannan tsari. B-cell zai fara canzawa zuwa wani ƙwayar B-cell plasma, wanda aikinsa na musamman shi ne don samar da kwayoyin cutar da kwayoyin cutar da ke dacewa da mahaukaciyar tashin hankali-har zuwa 10,000 maganin rigakafi ta biyu.
Kowane b-cell plasma ya sa ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa kawai antigen. Su ne ainihin takamaiman. Abin takaici, akwai miliyoyin cikinsu a jiki don haka zamu iya yaki da kamuwa da dama daban-daban. A duk lokacin rayuwar dan Adam, ya sa wadannan kwayoyin cutar. Sun kafa mafi yawa a cikin rami da ƙwayoyin lymph don su fitar da magunguna.
Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin B mai kunnawa sun zama ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar B, waɗanda suke da rai sosai a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, ƙwayoyin lymph kuma suyi.
Suna tuna da maganin antigen da suke da takamaiman don suna shirye su amsa da sauri idan sun sake ganin ta. Waɗannan su ne kwayoyin da ke ba mu wata rigakafi mai tsabta ga mahaukaci daban-daban.
Lokacin da kake samun rigakafi, alurar ta ƙunshi antigens wanda ke motsa B-sel don samar da kwayoyin cutar da za su kai hari kan cutar ko kwayoyin da ake yuwuwa da kai. Wannan yana nuna abin da yake faruwa a jikinka lokacin da kake kamuwa da wannan ƙwayar, amma ba tare da irin wannan hadarin cutar da cutar ta haifar ba. Saboda B-kwayoyin suna da doguwar tunani, zasu iya samar da kwayoyin cuta akan wa annan kwayoyin har tsawon watanni da shekaru, suna ba ku lokaci na rigakafi.
Kalma Daga
Wani lokuta ƙwayoyin B-kwayar halitta suna haifar da kwayoyin cutar zuwa antigens da ke kan jikinmu, ko kuma autoantibodies, kuma wannan na iya zama wani ɓangare na cututtukan cututtuka , irin su maganin ƙwayar cuta, lupus, sclerosis masu yawa, da kuma ciwon sukari na 1. Waɗannan su ne lokutta na tsarin rigakafin da ke kaiwa kyallen takarda mai lafiya don samar da wata cuta.
Kwayoyin B za a iya canzawa cikin lalacewar cutar lymphocytic na kullum , mai cutar lymphoblastic mai tsanani , da wasu irin lymphoma . Wadannan cututtuka sune cututtukan B-cell ne kawai, duk da haka tantanin kwayar halitta wanda ya zama rikici zai iya zama mafi girma ko mafi muni; a wasu kalmomin, tantanin halitta wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji zai iya zama kusa da tsari da kuma aiki a ainihin B-cell, wanda yayi kama da wani kwayar jini wanda ba zai iya haifar da jini ba, wanda zai haifar da tarin jiki na B, idan yana da lafiya.
Sources:
> Minnich M, Tagoh H, Bönelt P, et al. Matsayi na Multifunction na takardar sakonni Blimp-1 a haɗin ɓarna ƙwayoyin plasma. Nat Immunol. 2016 Mar, 17 (3): 331-43.
> Julie Tellier, Wei Shi, Martina Minnich, Yang Liao, Simon Crawford, Gordon K Smyth, Axel Kallies, Meinrad Busslinger, Stephen L Nutt. Blimp-1 sarrafa aikin salula na plasma ta hanyar tsari na rikici na immunoglobulin da kuma amsawar furotin da aka buɗe. Nat Immunol. 2016; 17 (3): 323-330.
> S Cell da kuma Antibodies, Biology Biology na Cell. 4th edition. Copyright 2002, Bruce Alberts, et. al.