Sabon Farko Ya Gana Mahimman Magana a Tsarin Farko
Da aka sani da shi a matsayin canza hanyar canza kwayoyin halitta (ACT), wannan sabuwar farfasa ce wadda take hada da aikin injiniya na kwayoyin halitta marasa lafiya don ganewa da kuma kai hari ga kwayoyin jikinsu. Kodayake irin wannan farfadowa a halin yanzu yana gwaji kuma an ƙuntata shi zuwa ƙananan gwaje-gwajen ƙananan gwaje-gwaje har yanzu, ya nuna wasu amsa mai kyau a marasa lafiya da ciwon daji.
Yadda Yake aiki
Kwayoyin T, irin kwayoyin halitta, sun kasance tare da masu karɓa a saman su, waɗanda aka kira masu karɓar T-cell, ko TCRs. Yawanci waɗannan TCR sun ɗauka zuwa antigens don hawa wani amsa mai sauƙi. A cikin ƙoƙari na yin amfani da T-cell don maganin ciwon daji, ana tattara kwayoyin T daga jikin jini. Bayan haka, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana gyaran T-cell din don samar da masu karɓa na musamman a kan sashinsu wanda ake kira masu samin maganin antigen, ko CARs, wanda zai iya ɗaure wasu sunadarai na jiki musamman na kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
Kwayoyin Tsarin Tarin Tarin Tarin Tarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin T-da-gidanka suna girbi a cikin layi kuma an yarda su ƙara yawan lambobin su har sai akwai biliyoyin cikinsu. Baya ga gyara da girbi, waɗannan T-cell, waɗanda suke tare da CARs da zasu iya ganewa da kuma kashe wasu kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji, an sake komawa cikin mai haƙuri.
Wadannan CARs sunadaran sunadarai ne don bari kwayoyin T su gane wani furotin, ko antigen, akan kwayoyin tumo.
Kwayoyin TT na ƙungiyar CAR suna girma a cikin lab kuma an yarda su ƙara lambobin su har sai akwai biliyoyin cikinsu. Ya zuwa yanzu, yadda suke aiki suna da alaƙa dogara ne a kan ƙananan ƙarfin su na girma kuma suna aiki a cikin mai haƙuri bayan sun dawo da su.
Manufar yin amfani da kwayoyin rayuwa don magance ciwon daji shine ainihin ba sabon ba.
Koyaswa da aka koya daga sakamakon irin maganin da aka samu a baya sun haifar da samun ilimin yadda T-sassan ke aiki , wanda ya haifar da ƙarin binciken. Masu binciken da suke aiki a cikin wannan filin sunyi la'akari da cewa akwai sauran abubuwa da yawa don koyi game da farfadowa na CAR T-cell. Amma sakamakon farko daga gwaje-gwajen irin waɗannan sun haifar da wani abu na fata.
Successes So Far
Wadansu sun kwatanta irin wannan farfadowa zuwa ga haɗuwa da nau'o'in nau'i nau'i daban-daban: anyi amfani da kwayoyin cuta, kamar rituximab, tare da halayyar halayyarsu; da masu ciwon ciwon ciwon daji tare da ikon cytotoxicity - dukkanin wannan tare da kara yawan t-cell T masu rai mai rai, da fatan za su kasance a wurare daban-daban, lura don sake dawowa.
Binciken ya zama sabon sabo, saboda haka masanan sunyi gargadi, amma jarrabawar gwaji sun riga sun fara amfani da kwayoyin cutar ta CAR ta hanyar maganin cututtuka:
- Advanced melanoma
- Advanced m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo (ALL)
- Yada babban babban lymphoma B-cell
FDA ta sanya cibiyar ta TT-cell ta hanyar farfadowa ga ALL. Haka kuma an gwada shi a cikin rudun dajin lymphoma, myeloma, da cutar lukimia na lymphocytic na kullum (CLL) , da kuma marasa lafiya da lymphoma wadanda ba Hodgkin da myeloma.
Masu bincike sunyi tsammanin farfadowa ta CAR T-cell zai zama rana mai kyau ga wasu ƙwayoyin B-cell kamar Kwayoyin cutar tawon jini da ciwon daji na kullum. Masu bincike da ke aiki tare da kwayoyin CAP-T sun gano irin wannan farfadowa a matsayin "gada" ga sashi na karuwa na kasusuwa ga marasa lafiya ALL da suka daina amsawa da cutar shan magani.
Ɗaya daga cikin gwaji yayi nazari game da amfani da kwayoyin CAR ta cikin marasa lafiya 15, kuma mafi yawansu sun ci gaba da yada babban lymphoma na B-cell. Kodayake yana da ƙananan gwaji, fatawa ya zo ne daga gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan marasa lafiya wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar T-CAR suna da cikakkiyar amsawa ko amsa.
Akwai kuma fata cewa za'a iya amfani da farfadowa ta CAR T-cell don hana hanawa. Sauran binciken da suke amfani da su don samar da gashi sun hada da fadada kwayoyin halitta bayan jiko, kamar guda 1,000 a wasu mutane; da kuma kasancewar ƙungiyar T-CAR a cikin tsarin kulawa mai zurfi, "wuri mai tsarki" inda kwayoyin cututtuka guda daya da suka tsere daga ilimin chemotherapy ko radiation na iya boyewa. A cikin marasa lafiya guda biyu a cikin gwaji na yara na NCI, alal misali, tsarin kula da kwayar cutar CAR ta kawar da ciwon daji wanda ya yada zuwa tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.
Hanyoyin Gaba
Lokacin da yawancin T-cell sunadaran sun sake komawa a cikin mai haƙuri, wadannan kwayoyin T suna saki cytokines da yawa. Wannan na iya haifar da ciwo na cytokine-release, wanda ke dauke da mummunar fuka da kuma saukewa a cikin karfin jini. Cytokines sune siginonin sinadarai, kuma cutar cytokine-release ne matsalar ta kowa a cikin marasa lafiya da aka bi da su tare da kwayoyin TT.
Masu fama da ciwon ciwon daji kafin su karbi sassan jikin TT sun bayyana cewa suna da mummunar cutar da ciwon cytokine-release. Masu bincike suna lura cewa duk da ci nasara, ana bukatar karin bincike a gaban jamhuriyar CAR T-cell farfesa zai iya zama wani zaɓi na yau da kullum, ga marasa lafiya tare da DUK misali. Nazarin da yawan marasa lafiya da lokutan da suka biyo baya an kira su don biyan su.
A kan Horizon
Bisa ga nasarar da aka samu a yanzu, yawancin bincike a fadin kasar suna mayar da hankali kan tarin kwayoyin T masu tasowa don sauran cututtuka, ciki har da ciwon ƙwayar cutar kamar ƙwayar cuta da kwakwalwa.
> Sources:
> Tsarin Kwayoyin Tarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta: Kwayoyin Lafiya na Ma'aikata don Kula da Sucinsu http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/research-updates/2013/CAR-T-Cells.
> Barrett DM, Singh N, Porter DL, Grupp SA, Yuni CH. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Far for Cancer. Annu Rev Mad . 2014; 65: 333-347.
> Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells. http://www.lymphomation.org/programing-t-cells.htm.