Manyan 'yan Adam
Cytokines suna aiki ne a matsayin kwayoyin kwayoyin tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Cytokine sunadaran sunadaran da aka samar da kwayoyin halitta. Game da cututtukan arthritis, cytokines sun tsara wasu martani mai yawa . Cytokines yi hulɗa tare da kwayoyin halitta na tsarin rigakafin don tsara tsarin mayar da lafiyar jiki zuwa cututtukan da kamuwa da cuta, kazalika da daidaita al'amuran salula a jiki.
Irin Cytokines
Cytokines sun bambanta, ma'anar ba su da daidai. Cytokines suna aiki daban-daban ayyuka a cikin jiki:
- Ƙungiyar ci gaba da karfafawa (ta daɗa samar da jini)
- haɓakawa da kuma bambanci (aiki da farko a ci gaba, gyara kayan, da kuma gyara)
- immunoregulatory da proinflammatory cytokines (misali, interferons, interleukins, da kuma TNF-alpha da ke aiki a cikin tsarin rigakafi)
Duk da yake "cytokines" shine kalmar laima wanda ya ƙunshi kowane nau'i, akwai wasu sunayen da aka ba da su ga cytokines bisa ko dai irin kwayar halitta da ke sa su ko aikin da suke cikin jiki:
- lymphokines (sanya lymphocytes)
- monokines (da monocytes)
- chemokines (hade da ayyukan chemotactic)
- interleukins (sanya ta daya leukocyte amma aiki a kan sauran leukocytes)
Yadda Cytokines Work
Tsarin na rigakafi yana da rikitarwa - daban-daban na kwayoyin jikinsu da sunadaran sunyi aiki daban-daban. Cytokines suna cikin wadannan sunadaran.
Bayyana yadda ake amfani da aikin cytokines. Yana da darasi a cikin kwayar halitta. Amma, don fahimtar kumburi, dole ne ku fahimci muhimmancin da cytokines ke takawa.
Ana fitar da kwayar cutar ta hanyar kwayoyin jini a cikin wurare dabam-dabam ko kuma kai tsaye cikin nama. Tsarin cytokine gano ƙwayoyin da ba za su ci gaba ba don yin hulɗa tare da masu karɓa a kan manufa ba tare da jimawa ta hanyar ɗaure su ba.
Abinda yake hulɗar yana jawowa ko yana ƙarfafa amsoshin takamaiman da kwayoyin kamala.
Ƙarfafawa daga Cytokines
Ƙararrawa ko rashin dacewar samar da wasu kwayoyin cytokines ta jiki zai iya haifar da cutar. Alal misali, an gano cewa interleukin-1 (IL-1) da ƙananan ƙwayoyin necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) ana haifar da su a cikin ƙwayar wariyar launin fata inda suke shiga cikin lalata da kuma lalata nama.
Magungunan Halittu Na Halitta Aiki ne Ma'aikata na Cytokine
An gina kwayoyi masu ilimin halitta don hana IL-1 ko TNF-alpha. Kineret (anakinra) ya ci gaba ne a matsayin magani ga cututtukan cututtuka na rheumatoid kuma yana aiki ta hana hana IL-1 zuwa mai karɓa. Masu hawan TNF-alpha (wanda ake kira TNF blockers ) suna ɗaure TNF kuma suna hana TNF daga haɗuwa ga masu karɓar salula. Enbrel (akida), Remicade (infliximab), Humira (adalimumab), Simponi (golimumab), da kuma Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) su ne masu safarar TNF. Actemra (tocilizumab) binds IL-6.
Ƙarin maganin kwayoyi suna ci gaba. Sakamakon binciken daga wani bincike na Phase 3 na sarilumab (mai suna SARIL-RA-TARGET), wani ɗan adam na kare kan mai karɓar IL-6, ya bayyana cewa miyagun ƙwayoyi ya sadu da mahimmancin maganganu na ingantawa cikin alamomi da alamun cututtuka na arthritis na rheumatoid da ingantaccen jiki aiki.
Sarilumab yana daukan haɗin kai ga mai karɓar IL-6, yana hana rigar IL-6 kuma ya rushe sakonnin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cutar ta cytokine. Duk da haka, a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2016, FDA ta ƙi sarilumab dangane da raunin da suka gano a yayin nazarin aikin sarrafawa. Da zarar an yi gyare-gyaren, Regeneron da Sanofi suna so su sake komawa don amincewa a shekara ta 2017. A halin yanzu, ranar Fabrairu 1, 2017, Lafiya ta Canada ta amince da miyagun ƙwayoyi karkashin sunan, Kevzara (sarilumab).
Kalma Daga
Duk da yake cytokines sun kasance kamar batun mai rikitarwa, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar tsarin kumburi da ke cikin magungunan ƙwayar cututtuka.
Mun san cewa akwai dukkanin cytokine da kwayoyi masu guba. Hanyoyin cytokine na proinflammatory suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaba da ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da kuma ciwon neuropathic. A anti-mai kumburi cytokines ne ainihin mai kumburi cytokine antagonists. Akwai hujjoji da ke nuna cewa chemokine suna da hannu wajen fara wahalar, da kuma dagewar ciwo.
> Sources:
> Sakamakon Ci Gaban Kwayoyi da Cytokines. > Ƙari > a kan Rheumatic Diseases. Ɗaukaka 12. Da Cibiyar Arthritis ta wallafa.
> Sakamakon Sanofi da Sanofi daga Mataki na Pivotal 3 Nazarin Sarilumab a Cibiyar Kwalejin Rheumatology ta Amirka. Regeneron. Nuwamba 8, 2015.
> McInnes I. da Schett G. Cytokines a cikin maganin rheumatoid arthritis. Yanayin Immunology. Yuni 2007
> Cytokines. BioBasics. 4/24/2006.
> Zhang, JM et al. Cytokines, Kumburi > da > Pain. International Clinical Clinic Clinics. Spring 2007.