Kwayoyin halitta masu kisa sun karbi yawancin hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don matsayin da suke takawa a cikin rigakafi kadai amma har ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaki da ciwon daji. Idan kun kasance kuna sauraron labarai na yau da kullum game da kwayoyin rigakafin rigakafi , ciki har da ci gaba da cigaba a kan jiyya na ciwon daji, za ku ga wadannan kwayoyin sun bayyana sau da yawa. Mene ne ainihin kwayoyin kisa Kwayoyin halitta, menene aikin su a cikin tsarin rigakafi, kuma ta yaya suke taimakawa wajen yaki da ciwon daji?
Ma'anar Kwayoyin Killer Kwayoyi (NK Cells)
Kwayoyin Killer Kwayoyin (Kwayoyin NK) sune wani ɓangare na mummunan tsarin da ke da mahimmanci wajen kawar da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji da kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar ta jiki. Kwayoyin NK sune irin lymphocyte , wanda daga bisani suna daya daga cikin nau'in jini a jikin jiki
Ta yaya suke aiki da rashin tausayi
A matsayin ɓangare na tsarin da ba shi da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin kisa na halitta ba dole ba su gane wani ƙananan mahaukaci (antigen) akan kwayoyin cutar kamuwa da cutar ko kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji. Wannan ya bambanta da wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar immunologic (irin nauyin da aka tsara na rigakafi). Idan ba a gane tantanin halitta a matsayin jiki na jiki ba, ƙwayar NK zata iya yin ɗaya daga cikin ayyuka biyu.
- Kwayoyin NK na iya zama cytotoxic (kashe-kashe-kashe): A cikin wannan tsari, kwayar NK ta shiga cikin tantanin halitta kuma ta sake fitar da ciwon magunguna cikin ƙwayoyin mahaukaci. Wadannan granules sun halicci ramuka a cikin tantanin halitta, sun ba su damar karawa da fashe kuma kashe cell a kan lamba. Maimakon bursting, tantanin halitta zai iya zama a cikin tsari na mutuwa mai sarrafawa da ake kira apoptosis.
- Kwayoyin kisa na halitta za a iya amfani dashi a matsayin nau'i na immunoregulation: A cikin wannan tsari, kwayoyin NK sun tsara aikin tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar samar da abubuwa da ake kira cytokines . Zaka iya ganin rayukan cytokines a matsayin "kwayoyin halitta na tsarin rigakafi" wanda ke karfafa wasu sassa na tsarin rigakafi. Wadannan ɓangarori ne na tsarin rigakafi wanda, da zarar an tilastawa, ya haifar da mutuwar kwayar cutar ciwon daji ko kamuwa da kwayar cutar.
Cibiyar Cancer
Tun da kwayoyin halitta suna iya kashe kwayoyin tumatir ta hanyar fahimtar bambanci tsakanin kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji da kuma masana kimiyya na al'ada suna nazarin hanyoyi don kara yawan lamba ko inganta aikin wadannan kwayoyin jikinsu cikin jiki, a matsayin hanyar magance ciwon daji yadda ya kamata.
Shin zaka iya inganta aikin hawan sutura masu kisa?
A cikin nazarin daya da ke inganta ilimin motsa jiki, masu bincike sun gano cewa motsa jiki na matsakaici zai iya inganta aikin kisa kwayoyin halitta a cikin mutane da ciwon daji. A gefe ɗaya na ƙayyadaddun, shan taba cigaba yana tsoma baki tare da aiki na kisa Kwayoyin halitta, kuma cin taba shan taba shine hanya ɗaya don tabbatar da cewa kullun jikinka yana aiki kamar yadda ya yiwu.
Layin Ƙasa
Kwayoyin cututtukan halitta sune mahimmin ɓangare na tsarin rigakafinka, musamman ma da matsayin da suke takawa a kawar da kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar da kwayoyin cututtuka. Bincike na ci gaba yana neman hanyoyin da za su inganta aikin wadannan kwayoyin kuma kara yawan lambobin su a matsayin hanyar maganin cancers.
Daga bayanin kula akwai cewa akwai abubuwa da zaka iya yi da kanka wanda zai iya rinjayar jikinka na kisa na halitta. Harkokin motsa jiki ya bayyana ya ƙara lambobi kuma shan taba yana rage su.
Yayin da muka koya game da ilimin rigakafi na ciwon daji muna koya ba kawai sababbin hanyoyin magance ciwon kututtuka ba amma hanyoyin da za mu iya tallafawa tsarin mu na rigakafi don yaki da wadannan cututtuka a gare mu.
Har ila yau, an sani da : Kwayoyin NK, Babbar Granular Lymphocyte, NK-LGL
> Sources:
> Carotta, S. Targeting NK Cells for Anticancer Immunotherapy: Harkokin Clinical da Preclinical. Yankuna a Immunotherapy . 2016. 21: 7-152.
> Mehta, H. et al. Cigarette shan taba da kuma rigakafi immunity. Kumburi binciken . 2008. 57 (11): 497-503.
> Purdy, A. da K. Campbell. Kwayoyin halitta masu kisa da ciwon daji: tsari ta hanyar kashe masu karɓar salula na Ig-Ig (KIR). Ciwon daji da farfasawa . 2009. 8 (23): 2211-20.
> Srivastava, S. et al. Kwayoyin killer cell immunotherapy don ciwon daji: sabuwar fata. Cytotherapy . 2008. 10 (8): 775-83.
> Tallerico, R., Garofalo, C., da E. Carbone. Sabon Halitta na Halitta na Kwayoyin Kayan Kwayoyin Halitta: Yin Amfani da Kamun Ƙwayar Cutar Kwayar Ciwon Cutar Tumatir. Faransanci a Immunology . 2016. 10: 7-179.