Menene emphysema kuma menene ma'anar idan an ba ku ko ƙaunata wannan ganewar? Mene ne bayyanar cututtuka, mene ne dalilin (banda shan taba), kuma yaya aka bi ta?
Definition
Emphysema wata cuta ne mai ciwo mai cutar ta hanyar lalacewar alveoli , ƙananan jakar iska a cikin ƙwayar wuta inda musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide ke gudana.
Tare da emphysema, lalata alveoli sakamako a cikin iska zama kamala, haifar da su fadada da rupture. Damage zuwa alveoli, da kuma sakamakon da ya dace a sakamakon musayar iska a matakin da aka rage a oxygen a cikin jini (hypoxemia) tare da ƙara karuwar carbon dioxide a cikin jini (hypercapnia).
Emphysema yana daya daga cikin cututtuka na nakasasshen cuta (COPD) , wani nau'i na cututtuka na huhu wanda ya hada da ciwon daji da bronchiectasis . COPD yanzu an dauki shi ne babban abu na hudu na mutuwa a Amurka.
Cutar cututtuka
Kwayoyin cutar emphysema na iya haɗawa da:
- Rawancin numfashi: Mafi yawan alama na emphysema shine rashin ƙarfi na numfashi . Sau da yawa sau da yawa yakan zo a hankali, yana faruwa a farkon kawai tare da aiki. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi (dyspnea) kuma yana faruwa a hutawa.
- Tashin: Tsohon tari yana da kyau kuma yana da wuyar ganewa daga tari din smoker .
- Samar da sputum ko phlegm
- Wheezing. Emphysema, a kalla a cikin farkon matakai, zai iya zama da wuya a rarrabe daga fuka. Bambanci shi ne cewa tare da ciwon fuka da hanzarin jirgin sama yana da karfin zuciya amma tare da emphysema ba haka bane.
- Kwayoyin cututtuka na yau da kullum irin su mashako ko ciwon huhu
- Ƙunƙun zuma
- Cyanosis: Blueness na yatsunsu da lebe
- Rashin rashin haƙuri: Wasu mutane ba su lura da gajeren numfashi ba, amma a maimakon haka suna lura cewa basu iya yin aiki kamar yadda suka kasance ba, misali, yana da wuya a yi tafiya zuwa yanzu ko kuma hawa hawa da yawa na matakan.
- Ƙunƙasar ƙwayar cuta: Haɗuwa da motsa jiki rage tare da sauran cututtukan cututtukan na iya haifar da haddasa tsoka da atrophy. Wannan tsoka yana rushewa, musamman a cikin tsokoki, zai iya, bi da bi, haifar da karar gajeren numfashi saboda rage ƙwayar numfashi.
Dalilin
Shan taba shi ne mafi yawan sha'ani na emphysema, yana zaton zai zama alhakin kashi 85 zuwa kashi 90 cikin dari. Amma akwai wasu matsaloli masu yawa wanda zai iya yin aiki kadai, ko kuma tare da shan taba, don haifar da emphysema. Ba mu san ainihin abin da ke haifar da COPD ba, amma an gano abubuwa da yawa masu haɗari ciki har da:
- Bushi na biyu
- Harkokin aikin sana'a ga tururuwa, turbaya, da vafors, irin su ciliates, cadmium, turbaya, da hatsi da gari
- Sanin iska
- Tashi Alpha-1-antitrypsin : Wannan cutar gadon zai iya haifar da phytsema wanda ya bayyana a cikin marasa lafiya wadanda suka fi girma a cikin duka. Wannan yanayin ya kamata a dauka lokacin da yawancin iyalai suka ci gaba da emphysema, musamman ma waɗanda basu taɓa taba taba taba ba.
- Asthma: Asthma yana nufin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu sassauci yayin da emphysema ba shi da kariya, amma a wasu lokuta, fuka zai iya haifar da emphysema.
Jiyya
Emphysema ba zai yiwu ba kuma yana cigaba a tsawon lokaci, don haka manufofin emphysema jiyya suna jinkirin cigaba da cutar da inganta ilimin cututtuka. Wasu jiyya sun haɗa da:
- Magunguna : Babu magani masu magani wanda ya tabbatar da nasara a rage jinkirin raguwa da aiki tare da emphysema. Maimakon haka, ana amfani da magungunan don taimakawa wajen haɓaka motsa jiki , rage ƙwaƙwalwar COPD , da inganta yanayin kiwon lafiya. Magunguna da aka yi amfani da su don barga COPD sun hada da bronchodilators , glucocorticoids , da maganin rigakafi don cututtuka.
- Oxygen farrapy : Za a iya ba da wannan a ci gaba, a yayin aiki, ko kuma don samun sauƙin abubuwan da ke cikin gajeren numfashi. An bayar da tsawon lokaci na oxygen farfadowa fiye da 15 a kowace rana yayin da mai fama da rashin daidaituwa a oxygen a lokacin Stage IV COPD. A COPD ci gaba, maganin oxygen zai iya inganta rayuwa.
- Rashin shan shan taba: Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke rayuwa tare da wannan yanayin kuma zasu iya taimakawa wajen jinkirin cigaba da cutar.
- Gyaran gyaran kwalliya : Akwai wadata da dama na gyaran kwayoyin halitta , wanda shine maganin jiki ga huhu. Shirin shirin bidiyo ne wanda ya kamata ya wuce akalla makonni shida. Tsara na farfadowa na iya haifar da babban bambanci ga wasu mutanen da ke zaune tare da emphysema don inganta halayyar motsa jiki, rage cututtuka, da rage yawan asibiti da kuma tsawon tsayawa.
- Rigakaran rigakafi : Kasancewa tare da rigakafin rigakafin, musamman ma maganin alurar rigakafi da rigakafi na huhu, ya taimaka wajen hana cututtuka wanda zai haifar da mummunan cutar .
- Aiki na yau da kullum na yau da kullum : Emphysema ya haifar da wata maƙirar mugunta. Haka kuma cutar kanta tana da wuyar motsa jiki, kuma atrophy na tsokoki zai iya cutar da cutar. Ayyuka mafi kyau ga COPD sun haɗa da haɗuwa, juriya, da kuma ƙarfafa horo.
- Tiyata: Ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don kawar da kayan lalacewa mai tsanani zai iya zama da amfani ga wasu mutane tare da daular mai tsanani, musamman ma wadanda ke da ciwon da ke da alaƙa da manyan lobes. Za a iya yin kyamara a cikin marasa lafiya wanda ke da babba babba. Lulfe shigo ne wata la'akari.
Exacerbations
Emphysema yana cikin abin da ake kira COPD - wadanda ke da alamun cutar ta zama mafi muni, sau da yawa ana buƙatar shigarwa a asibiti. Wadannan ƙwaƙwalwar suna saukowa ta hanyar cututtuka amma ana iya kashe su ta wasu yanayi kamar kamuwa da lalata iska, hayaki na itace, ko ma turare a cikin mall.
Ƙarin Rashin Ciwon Cutar Tsutsa
Mutane tare da emphysema kuma suna ci gaba da hadarin bunkasa ciwon huhu na huhu . Likitocin ciwon huhu na huhu yana samuwa ga wadanda suke da shekaru 55 da 80 kuma sunyi kyauta don akalla shekaru 30. Wannan ya ce, emphysema wata lamari ne mai hadarin gaske don ciwon daji na huhu da kuma wasu mutane na iya so a yi musu kariya ko da basu taba kyafaffen ba, ko sun yi kyauta fiye da shekaru 30. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon huhu a cikin mahaifa idan kana da emphysema, kamar yadda wasu alamun dake tsakanin yanayin biyu zasu iya kama da irin wannan. Idan kwakwalwar COPD ta ci gaba da tsanantawa, ko da sun kasance alamun bayyanar cututtuka a gare ku, magana da likitanku game da yiwuwar ciwon huhu na huhu. Labaran huhu ne mafi sauki idan an gano shi a farkon farkon cutar.
Ciyar da goyon baya
Emphysema zai iya zama cuta mai ban tsoro a duk hanya. Ba wai kawai dole ne ku jimre wa bayyanar cututtuka da jiyya ba, amma waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka da jiyya na iya shafar kusan kowane bangare na rayuwarku. Mutane da yawa tare da COPD sun sami goyon baya mara dacewa.
Future of the Disease
A halin yanzu, emphysema yana zama mummunar cuta kuma magani yana nufin rage jinkirin ci gaba da matsalolin da suka shafi cutar. Amfani da cigaba da kwanan nan a fahimtar kwaya da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kututtuka, nazarin binciken binciken sun ba da bege cewa farfadowa na farfadowa na huhu zai iya zama wata hanya ta warware wannan cigaba a nan gaba. Gwaje-gwaje na asibiti, duk da haka, sun kasa nuna duk wani amfani da wannan tsarin ta zuwa yau.
> Sources:
> Kasper DL. Ka'idojin Harrisons na Magungunan Ciki . New York: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> Oh, D., Kim, Y., da Y. Oh. Ciwon Gyaran Kwayoyin Wutar Lung na Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta. Tarin fuka da cututtuka na numfashi . 2017. 80 (1): 1-10.
> Rzadkiewicz M, Bratas O, Espons G. Mene ne Ya kamata mu sani game da fuskantar COPD? Binciken Nunawa a Binciken Harkokin Mutuwar 'Yan Sanda. Wallafe-wallafe na kasa da kasa na cutar cututtuka . 2016. 11: 1195-2304.
> van Agteren J, Carson K, Tiong L, Smith B. Lung Volume Reduction Traction for Emphysema Diffuse. Cochrane Database of Manyan Labarai . 2016 10: CD001001.