Ta yaya suke aiki da abin da zai iya shafar su
Kuna iya jin cewa alveoli yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murmurewa, ko kana da yanayin likita wanda ya shafi wadannan sassan jikinka. Mene ne ainihin alveolus, kuma menene akwai jiki da aiki? Bari mu dubi amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi da kuma muhimmancin da alveoli zai iya yi a cikin cutar.
Alveoli: Definition and Function
Alveoli wani ɓangare ne na suturar jiki wanda aikinsa shine musayar oxygen da kwayoyin carbon dioxide zuwa kuma daga jini.
Wadannan ƙananan ƙananan jaka a cikin iska suna zama a ƙarshen suturar jiki kuma an shirya su cikin gungu a cikin cikin huhu.
Akwai miliyoyin alveoli a cikin jikin mutum tare da fili na kimanin mita 70 na mita. Idan an lazimta su kuma suna miƙa daga karshen zuwa ƙarshen, zasu iya rufe dukkan kotun tennis.
Abun ciki: Zane tasirin jirgin sama zuwa kuma daga Alveoli
Alveoli shine ƙarshen yanayin numfashi wanda ke farawa lokacin da muke kwantar da iska zuwa bakin ko hanci. Jirgin iska mai hadarin oxygen yana tafiya cikin trachea sa'an nan kuma cikin daya daga cikin huhu biyu ta hannun dama ko hagu. Daga can, ana daukar iska ta wurin karami da ƙananan wurare, waɗanda ake kira bronchioles , bayan ƙaddarar alveolar, har sai ta ƙarshe ya shiga mutum daya.
Kowace alveolus an rufe ta da wani ruwa mai laushi wanda aka sani da surfactant wanda ke kula da tashin hankali da nauyin jakar iska. Ginin da kanta kanta yana kewaye da cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries wanda ke dauke da oxygen zuwa jini da carbon dioxide daga jini.
A wannan jigon cewa kwayoyin oxygen sun yada ta hanyar kwayar halitta guda daya a cikin wani alveolus sannan kuma guda daya a cikin wani capillary don shigar da jini. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙwayoyin carbon dioxide, ta hanyar motsa jiki ta jiki, sun sake komawa cikin alveolus inda aka kore su daga jiki ta hanyar hanci ko baki.
A lokacin inhalation, capillaries fadada kamar yadda matsa lamba korau a cikin kirji an halicce shi ta hanyar sabani na diaphragm. A lokacin fitarwa, alveoli ya dawo (bazara) kamar yadda diaphragm ya koma.
Tsarin Alveoli
Alveoli sune siffofi mai siffar ƙirar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma su ne mafi ƙanƙan hanya a cikin numfashi na numfashi. Alveoli ne kawai lokacin rani, wanda ya ba da izinin sauƙi na oxygen da carbon dioxide tsakanin alveoli da capillary. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'in millimita mai siffar sukari ya ƙunshi 170 alveoli kuma yankin alveoli yana da mita 70. Adadin alveoli ya bambanta tsakanin mutane da ƙananan huhu suna da karin alveoli.
Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Aikin Gudanar da Alveoli
Akwai wasu yanayi na likita da zasu iya rinjayar da alveoli ta atomatik (wanda muke komawa a matsayin cututtuka na huhu). Wadannan cututtuka na iya haifar da alveoli na iya zama flamed da rashin lafiya ko kuma sa su cike da ruwa, turawa, ko jini.
Daga cikin yanayin da ya shafi alveoli:
- Emphysema yana da yanayin da kumburi a cikin huhu yana haifar da dulluwa da lalata alveoli. Bugu da ƙari, asarar alveoli, ganuwar salula na jakar iska yana fara ƙarfafawa kuma ya rasa haɗarsu. Wannan yana da wuya a fitar da iska daga huhu (yanayin da ake kira jirgin sama). Wannan yana bayanin dalilin da ya sa ya fita daga ciki fiye da inhaling yawanci mafi wuya ga mutane tare da emphysema. Wannan rashin yiwuwar fitar da iska, yana haifar da ƙara ƙaddamar da alveoli, kuma yana da yawa kamar nauyin tufafi wanda ya yi hasara a lokacin da aka miƙa shi mai nisa, wanda ya rasa rayukan wannan damar.
- Kwayar cutar ita ce kamuwa da cuta wanda ke cutar da alveoli a cikin duka ko biyu kuma zai iya haifar da jakar iska ta cika da tura.
- Tarin fuka ne cuta mai cututtuka na kwayar cuta wadda ke nuna ci gaban nodules a cikin kyallen takalma na huhu. Kwayar cutar tana shafar cutar alveoli kamar yadda kwayoyin cutar ke motsawa, wani abu yana nunawa a cikin avleoli kamar yadda yake cikin ciwon huhu a sama.
- Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) wani nau'i ne na ciwon huhu na huhu wanda yanzu an dauke shi a matsayin adadi na adinocarcinoma. Wadannan cututtuka sun fara ne a cikin alveoli, kuma ana samun su sau ɗaya a cikin duka ko biyu.
- Sashin ciwo na numfashi mai zafi (ARDS) wani yanayin da ke barazana ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta wanda ya hana oxygen daga shiga cikin huhu yayin da ruwa ya fara tattara a cikin alveoli. ARDS yafi yawa a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya.
- Raunin cututtuka na numfashi (RDS) an gani a cikin jariran da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba, waɗanda jikinsu bai riga sun samar da isasshen tasiri don lalata alveoli. Ba tare da mai tayar da hankali ba don rike alveoli, an rage girman yanayin da ake ciki a cikin huhu, yana ƙara yin numfashi sosai.
- Harshen maganin na yau da kullum yana da yanayin da ya haddasa rashin ruwa a cikin huhu wanda ya tattara a cikin alveoli kuma zai iya haifar da gazawar numfashi.
Halin Cigarettes a kan Alveoli
A matsayin kwayar cutar guda daya, hayaki na taba taba shafar tasirin respiratory a kowane matakin. Wannan ya hada da alveoli.
Alveoli sun kasance daga collagen da elastin wanda ke samar da jakar iska da nauyin su. Kamar yadda cigaban ya lalata collagen da elastin a cikin fata (wanda ke haifar da wrinkling da tsufa), zasu iya rushe aikin samar da waɗannan abubuwa a cikin alveoli, kazalika. A sakamakon haka, raguwa na roba na alveoli ya ragu yayin da shingen tantanin halitta ya fara raguwa kuma ya taurara saboda mummunar lalata.
Cigarette hayaki yana rinjayar yadda aikin alveoli ke haifar da lalacewar dama zuwa matakin kwayoyin. Yana rushe hankalin jikinmu don gyara kansa kamar yadda zai iya bin kamuwa da cuta ko cuta. Saboda haka, lalacewar alveolar an yarda ta ci gaba ba tare da ɓoyewa ba yayin da huhu ke ci gaba da nunawa ga furo mai guba.
Ƙashin Ruwa akan Alveoli
Alveoli yana bada ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da jikin mu ke yi. Su ne ƙofar da oxygen ke shiga cikin jini da kuma hanyar farko wanda wasu samfurori da ke cikin metabolism (carbon dioxide) sun fita daga jiki.
Cututtuka da ke shafar alveoli zai iya haifar da rage yawan oxygen da aka kaiwa jikin jikinmu, kuma saboda haka, zai iya haifar da lalacewa (saboda tpo hypoxia ) ga kowane babban kwaya.
> Sources:
> Hsia, C., Hyde, D., da E. Weibel. Tsarin Lung da kuma Gwagwarmayar Gas na Gas Exchange. M Physiology . 2016 6 (2): 827-895.
> Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, da Stephen L .. Hauser. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison. New York: Ilimin Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.