Mutanen da ke zaune tare da ciwo mai kwakwalwa na yau da kullum (COPD) ana ba da umurni ne a matsayin mai kula da jikin mutum, irin magani da ake amfani dashi don shakatawa cikin hanyoyi na iska don taimaka maka numfashiwa mafi kyau. Ana amfani da magungunan magungunan ta hanyar amfani da mitired dose inhaler (MDI) amma kuma suna samuwa a cikin ruwa, kwaya, injectable, ko zane-zane.
Ana amfani da masu amfani da bronchodilators a kan bukatu da ake buƙata ko kuma an umurce su sau biyu don hana ko rage siffofin COPD . Nau'o'i uku na bronchodilators da ake amfani dashi don bi da COPD sune:
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Anticholinergics
- Methylxanthines
Masu Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Beta-adrenergic agonists (kuma da aka sani da beta-agonists) su ne irin magani da bindiga zuwa takamaiman masu karɓa a cikin huhu da ake kira beta-adrenoceptors. Ta hanyar yin haka, suna toshe maɓallin tarin samfurori da kuma ba da damar bude filin jirgin sama.
Beta-agonists na iya yin aiki na gajeren lokaci (har zuwa hudu zuwa shida) ko yin aiki mai tsawo (tsawon sa'o'i 12 ko fiye). Ana samun su ko dai ta hanyar magana ko ta hanyar MDI. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita ta fi dacewa da ita yayin da ya sauke bayyanar cututtuka sauri.
Abon-beta agonists (SABAs) a halin yanzu an yarda a Amurka sune:
- Albuterol
- Xopenex (levalbuterol)
- Metaproterenol
- Karshe
Ma'aikatan beta masu tsayin daka (LABAs) a halin yanzu an yarda a Amurka sune:
- Salmeterol
- Mai yiwa (formoterol)
- Bambuterol
- Indacaterol
- Brovana (arformoterol)
Ana amfani da magungunan beta-agonist cikin nau'i-nau'i guda biyu kamar Symbicort wanda ya hada da formoterol tare da corticosteroid wanda aka sani da budesonide.
Hanyoyi masu illa na kwayar cutar sune yawancin abin da ake danganta su kuma sun fi yawan gani tare da yin amfani da murya.
Mafi yawancin sun hada da hanzarin zuciya (tachycardia), damun zuciya, razana, da damuwa barci.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics su ne magunguna waɗanda ke toshe wani nau'in neurotransmitter da aka sani da acetylcholine. Maganin parasympathetic (wadanda ke hade da aikin atomatik) su ne tushen tushen acetylcholine a cikin huhu. Ta hanyar dakatar da samar da waɗannan abubuwa, ƙuƙwalwa da spasms a cikin hanyoyi sun tsaya kyam.
Anticholinergics suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin hanyar da ake shafewa kuma suna bada kyakkyawar kamala tare da ƙananan sakamako masu illa. Anticholinergics suna da amfani sosai ga wadanda basu iya yin amfani da beta-agonists ko methylxanthines saboda cututtukan zuciya.
Hanyoyin rigakafi a halin yanzu an yarda a Amurka sune:
- Atrovent (ipratropium)
- Spiriva (tiotropium)
- Aclidinium
Akwai kuma hade da aka haifa wanda ake kira Combivent wanda ya ƙunshi ipratropium da beta-agonist albuterol.
Hanyoyi masu rinjaye na maganin kwayoyin halitta sune bakin bushe da kuma bayan ƙaddara. A wasu lokuta, glaucoma an san shi ya faru.
Methylxanthines
Methylxanthines sune magungunan ƙwayoyi da aka sani da su don dakatar da iska, dakatar da kumburi, da kuma takunkumi mai tsanani.
Ba a fahimci matakan aikin su ba, kuma, yayin da yake da tasiri, ba a amfani da kwayoyi ba a hanyar yin amfani da su a farkon jima'i saboda yanayin da suke ciki.
Methylxanthines sun fi dacewa ga mutanen da basu iya samun cikakken kulawa tare da magungunan beta-agonist ko kwayoyi masu guba. Ba kamar sauran nau'o'in COPD ba, wadanda ba a haifa ba. Suna samuwa a yanzu ko dai kwaya, kwayar ruwa, intravenous, ko jigilar magunguna.
Kwayoyin methylxanthine biyu da aka yarda a Amurka sune:
- Theophylline
- Aminophylline
Sakamakon sakamako na iya zama mai mahimmancin lokaci, musamman idan an kawo shi cikin intravenously.
Kwayar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai, rashin barci, tashin zuciya, zawo, jitteriness, m numfashi, da ƙwannafi. Kira likitanku nan da nan idan kun fuskanci zubar da jini, kwakwalwar zuciya ( dysrhythmia ) ba tare da izini ba, ko kisa.
> Source:
> Vestbo, J .; Hurd, S. Agusti, A. et al. "Tsarin duniya don ganewar asali, gudanarwa, da kuma rigakafi na cutar cututtuka na al'ada: Gudanarwa na GOLD." Am J Reshir Crit Care Med. 2013; 187 (4): 347-65. DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.210204-0596PP.