Wani nau'i na COPD tare da ƙananan yara
Idan an gaya maka ko wanda kake ƙauna ka sami bronchiectasis, kuna yiwuwa ƙoƙarin fahimtar wannan yanayin. Kodayake yana da mahimmanci, yawancin mutane ba su da masaniya da irin wannan COPD fiye da emphysema ko ciwon daji. Mene ne bayyanar cututtuka, haddasawa da abubuwan haɗari, da kuma jiyya ga wannan yanayin?
Ma'anar: Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis wani nau'i ne na cututtukan cututtuka na al'ada (COPD) wanda ke dauke da manyan hanyoyi na huhu ( bronchi ) da kuma fadada.
Mucous iya tarawa a cikin wadannan hanyoyi masu tsada, ƙyale kwayoyin suyi girma da kuma haifar da cututtuka na huhu. Za a iya cutar da cutar zuwa wani yanki na huhu, ko kuma a cikin dukkanin huhu.
Tarihin Tarihi na Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis yakan fara ne tare da ciwo na numfashi a cikin yara. Wadannan cututtuka sun haifar da raguwa, shimfidawa, da ƙuƙarin bronchi, tubes waɗanda suka shude daga trachea zuwa ƙasa zuwa cikin alveoli, yankin a cikin huhu inda aka canza musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide. A halin yanzu, ƙaddamar da ƙuduri a cikin yankunan da aka shimfiɗa ya haifar da yanayin da ya kamata a fara kamuwa da cututtuka. Cutar cututtuka na haifar da mummunar cutar da cutar kuma ta kara fadadawa da kuma tayar da mashi.
Dalili da Dalili Dama
Bronchiectasis sau da yawa yakan haifar da cututtuka na huhu a lokacin yarinya. Hanyoyin da ke faruwa na yau da kullum da zasu iya haifar da maganin rigakafi irin su coughing cough ne marasa sauki saboda rigakafi, amma duk da haka tasirin tarin kwayar cutar yana ci gaba.
Kusan kashi 50 cikin dari na lokuta ne saboda yanayin rashin lafiya da ake ciki na cystic fibrosis . Hakanan zai iya faruwa saboda hanawar hanyoyi ta hanyar ƙwayar cutar kamar ciwon huhu da mahaifa , ko kuma wani waje na jiki, saboda maye gurbin daga cuta ko kuma HIV, saboda rashin lafiyar jiki zuwa ga naman gwari da ake kira aspergillosis na bronchopulmonary na rashin lafiya, ko kuma saboda zuwa ga dysplasia ciliary.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na Bronchiectasis
Alamun da alamun cututtuka na tarin kwayoyin halitta na yawancin lokaci sukan faru ne saboda fadada hanyoyi na kullun da kuma haɗuwa da ƙuduri wanda ya kafa mataki don kamuwa da cuta. Common bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:
- Tsohon tari : Tsohon da ke hade da bronchiectais yakan faru a kowace rana kuma yana da mummunan mummunan safiya da safe kuma sai da daren dare.
- Gwaran gwaje-gwaje : tarihin yau da kullum na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yana tare da ƙuƙwalwa wanda zai iya bayyana, rawaya, kore, ko ma jini. Wannan ƙaddamar da ƙuduri, wanda zai iya zama mai tsabta a wasu lokuta, alama ce ta cutar.
- Cutar cututtuka saboda cututtuka da yawa irin su zazzabi da bayyanar cututtuka.
- Wheezing .
- Cutar da jini .
- Pain tare da numfashi mai zurfi ( ciwon zuciya ).
- Gudanarwa : Clubbing shi ne yanayin da yatsattun keyi akan bayyanar cokali mai yatsa.
- Rawancin numfashi : Rawancin numfashi yana iya faruwa a lokacin
- Rashin asarar rashin nauyi .
- Dama: Rashin da ke haɗuwa da bronchiectasis na iya zama mai zurfi, kuma yana da alaka da kokarin da ke tare da tari, da kuma rage musayar oxygen a cikin huhu.
Bincike na Bronchiectasis
A ganewar asali na tarin kwayoyin halitta yana farawa tare da tarihin mai hankali da jarrabawa na jiki da kuma nazarin hotunan hotunan da hoton.
Wasu gwaje-gwaje da ke taimakawa wajen ganowar sun hada da:
- Rikicin x-ray: Rayuwar rayukan kirji za ta iya nuna wasu alamun cutar, amma wasu gwaje-gwaje (kamar CT) ana buƙatar ana buƙatar su ko tabbatar da ganewar asali.
- Ct scan Ct: Yawancin asali ne yawanci ne akan bayyanar CT scan.
- Gwaran gwaje-gwaje na iya taimakawa tare da ganewar asali da kuma tsananin.
- Za a iya yin suturar jiki don yin sarauta daga jikin mutum waje ko ciwon huhu na huhu.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje na gwaji za a iya yi don yin watsi da wasu yanayi (irin su tarin fuka, cystic fibrosis, da sauransu) wanda zai iya samun irin wannan alama.
Jiyya
Mafi mahimmanci mataki shine maganin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta shine magance mawuyacin dalilin cutar.
Kwayoyin cututtuka ne na kowa kuma suna buƙatar a bi da su da kuma kulawa. An yi tunanin cewa jiyya da aka yi amfani da cystic fibrosis zai iya taimaka wa mutane ba tare da cystic fibrosis tare da bronchiectasis ba, amma kwanan nan ya nuna cewa wasu daga cikin wadannan jiyya na iya zama cutarwa. Hanyoyin fasahar jiragen sama na iya taimakawa tare da ragowar sputum da kuma aiki na huhu. Za'a iya buƙatar farfarin oxygen idan cutar ta kasance mai tsanani, kuma ana buƙatar wani tiyata lokaci-lokaci don cire wani wuri mai lalacewa na masara.
Matsaloli
Bugu da ƙari ga ciwon maimaitawa, wasu mutane suna ci gaba da cinlectasis - rushewar wani ɓangare ko duk wani ƙwayar cuta da rashin cin nasara na numfashi na iya faruwa. Haka kuma cututtuka na iya haifar da rashin lafiya na zuciya, wani abu da aka sani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta .
Faɗakarwa
Mahimmancin ƙwayar daji yana dogara ne akan dalilin. Ga wasu mutane, wannan zai iya zama mai tsanani ko fatal (kamar yadda ya shafi cystic fibrosis) yayin da wasu, rayuwa mai yawa kuma yawanci al'ada ta yiwu.
Abubuwan da ke hade da rai tsawon rai sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwar jiki (a cikin wasu kalmomi, ba maƙasa), maganin rigakafi na yau da kullum, musamman ga mura da pneumonoccus, da kuma kula da asibitin na yau da kullum.
Abubuwan da ke hade da rashin fahimtar juna sun hada da hypoxia (matakin jinin oxygen), hypercapnia (wani jini mai karfin jini), ƙananan ƙarfin numfashi, da kuma tsanani mai tsanani kamar yadda aka gani akan binciken rediyo.
Alal misali: Joshua ya ci gaba da tarin kwayoyin halitta lokacin da huhu ya kama shi daga cikin manyan hanyoyi a cikin huhu.
Kalma Daga
Bronchiectasis, ba kamar sauran siffofin COPD ba, yana da alaka da cututtuka a farkon rayuwarsu (maimakon tsarin salon rayuwa kamar shan taba a baya). Duk da haka duk da ci gaba da rigakafin rigakafi don cututtuka, yanayin yana karuwa a Amurka. Yayin da muka koyi game da cutar, muna gano cewa yana da matukar haɓaka, ma'ana cewa halaye na cutar da kuma abubuwan da suke da tushe na iya bambanta da yawa daga mutum zuwa mutum. Abin da wannan ke nufi ga mutanen da ke zaune tare da yanayin shine cewa babu wani tsari da ya dace daidai da gudanarwa, amma kowane mutum da ke dauke da bronchiectasis ya kamata a dauki shi a matsayin mutum don ƙayyade mafi kyawun zabin magani.
> Sources:
> Kungiyar Lung ta Amurka. Koyi game da Bronchiectasis. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiectasis/learn-about-bronchiectasis.html.
> Chalmers, J., da S. Chotirmall. Bronchiectasis: Sabobbin Ka'idoji da Sabbin Lura. Lancet Magunguna na numfashi . 2018 Feb 22.
> Elaraachli, W., Conrad, D., da kuma A. Wang. Amfani da hanyoyin Cystic Fibrosis don Sibrosis Bronchiectasis ba tare da Cystic ba. Medicine Chest Medicine . 2016. 37 (1): 139-46.
> Lee, A., Burge, A., da kuma A. Holland. Hanyoyin fasaha na Airway don bronchiectasis. 2015. 11: CD008351.
> Pizzutto, S., Upham, J., Yerkovich, S., da kuma A. Chang. Harsoyin anti-inflammatories wadanda ba su da cututtuka ba tare da izini ba don yara da kuma manya da bronchiectasis. Cochrane Database of Manyan Labarai . 2016. 27: CD007525.