Types, Cutar cututtuka, ganewar asali, da jiyya
Muna jin cewa COPD yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilai na mutuwar a Amurka, amma menene ainihin wannan ma'anar, menene alamun bayyanar, kuma yaya ake bi da su?
Ma'anar: COPD - Kwayoyin cuta na ciwo mai kwari
COPD na tsaye ne ga cutar mai ciwo na kullum, wani rukuni na cututtuka na huhu da ke hana ƙwayar iska. COPD ta ma'anar ma'ana ba gaba ɗaya ba (wanda ya bambanta da asma) kuma yawanci yana ci gaba a cikin lokaci.
Nau'in COPD
Cututtuka da aka ƙaddara a ƙarƙashin shafukan COPD sun haɗa da:
- Emphysema - Emphysema wata cuta ce wadda ta haifar da lalacewa ga alveoli - ƙananan hanyoyi na ƙwayoyin huhu inda musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide ke faruwa, kuma yawancin shan taba ne. Rahoton alveoli suna samuwa kamar yadda ake lalata su da ƙumburi da ƙananan, kuma waɗanda suka wanzu sun zama baƙi, rasa haɗarsu da haddasa tasirin iska. Zaka iya yin hoton wannan azaman balloon wanda ya rasa nauyinta kuma iska ta kasance ko da lokacin da balloon ya rushe (kamar tare da exhalation.)
- Binciken na yau da kullum - Tare da ciwon daji na yau da kullum ana amfani da hanzarin jirgin sama a cikin lokaci mai tsanani , wanda ya haifar da yaduwar iska da hanyoyi. Wannan tsari kuma yakan haifar da ƙara yawan mucous. Wannan mucous sa'an nan kuma ya cika hanyoyi masu hanzari, ya kara hana numfashi.
- Bronchiectasis - Bronchiectasis yana nuna fadadawa da dilar hanyoyi, wanda yakan haifar da cututtuka na numfashi a lokacin yara. Kumburi ma yana haifar da samar da mucous wanda ya kara hana iska.
An yi amfani da kalmar COPD a yadu, kamar yadda mafi yawan mutane suna haɗuwa da emphysema da ciwon sukari.
Muhimmanci da Imanin COPD
COPD a halin yanzu an yi la'akari da zama babban abu na uku na mutuwa a Amurka . A wani lokaci COPD aka dauke da cutar mutum, amma wannan ya canza. A halin yanzu, akwai mata fiye da maza da suka mutu daga COPD kowace shekara.
Baya ga tasiri sosai ga rayuwar mutane ta jiki da na tausayawa, COPD yana kara yawan hadarin cututtuka irin su ciwon huhu da kuma cututtukan zuciya.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na COPD
COPD sau da yawa yana damewa (ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka) har sai mummunan lalacewar lamarin ya riga ya faru. COPD wata cuta ne mai ci gaba wanda yawancin mutane ke da lokaci a lokacin da suke da alaƙa, suna canzawa tare da rikice-rikicen maganin cutar. Kayan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:
- Rawancin numfashi, musamman tare da motsa jiki, shine mafi yawan alamu.
- Tsaro, tarihin yau da kullum.
- Gwaran Sputum (tari na sama da phlegm) wanda zai iya bayyana, fari, rawaya, ko kore a launi.
- Wheezing.
- Chest tightness
- Cyanosis (zane-zane mai laushi na lebe da ƙananan ƙusa)
- Asarar nauyi (yawanci a ƙarshen wannan cuta.)
Dalili da Dalili Dama
Wasu dalilai na COPD sun hada da:
- Shan taba shi ne dalilin daya daga cikin COPD. Kusan kashi 25 cikin dari na masu shan taba za su ci gaba da samun digiri na COPD. Wannan ya hada da ba kawai masu shan taba sigari ba, amma wadanda suke shan taba cigaba, pipes, da marijuana. Duk da yake hadarin ya bambanta ga mutane daban-daban, hada haɗarin yawan cigaban sigari da aka ƙona a kowace rana da yawan shekarun shan taba (tsararru) yana da alaka da haɗari.
- Harkokin aikin sana'a ga sunadarai da abubuwa irin su karamar ƙura da silica.
- Rashin gurɓataccen iska na iska, musamman ma a shawo kan furo daga dafa abinci da kuma dumama a wuraren da ba su da kyau.
- Cutar iska ta iska.
- Samun Alpha-1-antitrypsin raunin gaji. Adadin Alpha-1-antitrypsin yana da alhakin 1 cikin 100 lokuta na COPD kuma yawanci yana faruwa a ƙuruciyar shekaru fiye da abin da shan taba yake.
- Kwayar cuta mai tsanani a cikin yara.
- Haɗin hakar fuka tare da shan taba.
Ta yaya aka gano COPD?
Samar da ganewar asali na COPD yana dogara ne akan tarihin mai da hankali, nazari na jiki, da haɗuwa da gwaje-gwaje da nazarin hoto.
Ana yin la'akari da zane-zane a matsayin "ma'auni na zinari" a wajen yin gwaji (ta yaya zan fassara gwajin spirometry ?) Wasu gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗa da wasu gwaje-gwaje na gwagwarmaya, ma'aunin jini, da kwakwalwar kirji ko kirji CT.
Matsaloli
Wasu matsalolin da zasu iya faruwa a cikin mutane tare da COPD sun haɗa da:
- Hanyoyin cututtuka (sau da yawa yakan haifar da haɗakar da COPD).
- Ciwon zuciya, kamar yadda matakan oxygen ƙananan ke haifar da damuwa akan zuciya.
- Maganar ciwon huhu - COPD wani lamari ne mai hadarin gaske don ciwon huhu na mahaifa, ma'ana cewa masu shan taba da ke da ciwo da ƙwayar cutar ko kuma emphysema suna iya samun ciwon huhu na huhu fiye da masu shan taba da ke da ciwon sukari ko kuma emphysema.
- Asarar nauyi.
- Rawan jini na jini.
- Dama.
Jiyya don COPD
Sharuɗɗa don kula da COPD dogara ne a kan mataki da wasu masu canji. Wasu jiyya sun haɗa da:
- Rashin shan shan taba shi ne hanya mafi muhimmanci a magance cutar. Duk da yake ba zai sake kawar da lalacewa na baya ba, zai iya taimakawa jinkirin cigaba da cutar.
- Rashin ruwa da ciwon huhu don taimakawa wajen hana cututtuka.
- Magunguna - Magungunan COPD na yau da kullum sun hada da magungunan ƙwayoyin ɗan gajeren lokaci, masu tayar da hankulan lokaci, magungunan steroid, sunadarai na kwayoyi, masu maganin phosphodiesterase-4, da maganin rigakafi. An sauke jiyya a kashi biyu. Magunguna masu amfani da suke amfani da su yau da kullum kuma suna ci gaba da tabbatar ko bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance. Magunguna masu ceto sune magungunan da ake amfani dasu idan bayyanar cututtuka sun ciwo, kamar lokacin damuwa.
- Maganin Oxygen - Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ya zama mai tsanani, ana iya buƙatar karin farfadowa na oxygen. Abin godiya akwai raka'a oxygen raguwa wanda ya ba da dama ga mutane da yawa tare da COPD don su rayu cikin rayuwa mai kyau.
- Gyaran Labaran Turawa na n - Kamar dai yadda gyaran sauran cututtuka, gyaran kullun zai iya zama babban bambanci ga wasu mutanen da ke zaune tare da COPD.
- Gudanar da Kyawun Kasuwancin Intanit da Harkokin Kasuwanci - Kiyaye hayaki na biyu da sauran magunguna masu guba shine muhimmin ɓangare na gudanarwa COPD.
- Tashin Lafiya - Anyi amfani da nau'i biyu na tiyata don tsanani COPD. Za'a iya amfani da tiyata ƙarar ƙwayar cuta don cire lalacewar cutar huhu. A cikin COPD mai tsananin gaske, za'a iya bada shinge na huhu .
> Sources:
> Kwalejin Kwalejin Kwango na Amirka. COPD. Updated 12/16.