Kuskuren AAT, ko rashi Alpha-1-antitrypsin, shi ne yanayin cututtukan da ke haifar da rashin protein, Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), wanda aka samar da hanta. Ga mafi yawancin mu waɗanda suke da isasshen yawancin AAT, wannan ƙwayar sunadaran suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da aikin al'ada. Amma ga wadanda ke da rashi na AAT, labarin yana ɗaukar wani labari daban.
A cikin mutane masu lafiya, ƙwaƙwalwar suna dauke da elastase neutrophil, wani enzyme na halitta wanda - a cikin al'amuran al'ada - yana taimaka wa lalacewar lalacewar, lalacewar tsofaffi da kwayoyin. Wannan tsari yana inganta warkaswa da ƙwayar jikin huhu. Abin takaici, waɗannan enzymes ba su san lokacin dakatar da su ba, kuma sun kai hari ga nau'in huhu amma maimakon taimakawa wajen warkarwa. Hakan ne inda AAT ya shigo. Ta hanyar rushe enzyme kafin ya iya haifar da lalacewar jiki mai kyau, ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba da aiki kullum. Lokacin da bai isa ba AAT, nau'in huhu zai ci gaba da halakar da wani lokaci zuwa ga emphysema.
Yaya Zan iya Karɓar Tashin AAT?
Lokacin da aka haifa yaro, ya gaji jinsunan biyu na AAT, ɗaya daga kowane iyaye. Yaron zai sami rashi na AAT idan duka jigilar kwayoyin AAT ba su da kyau. Idan guda daya daga cikin mahaukaciyar AAT sun kasance mawuyaci kuma ɗayan na al'ada, to sai yaron zai zama "mai kai" na cutar, amma ba zai sami cutar kanta ba.
Idan duka jinsin halittu na al'ada ne, to, ba'a cutar da yaron da cutar ba, kuma ba zai zama mai ɗauka ba.
Idan an gano ku tare da raunin AAT, yana da muhimmanci ku yi magana da likitanku game da wasu mutane a cikin iyalinku waɗanda aka gwada don cutar, ciki har da ɗayanku.
Idan ba ku da 'ya'ya, likitanku na iya bayar da shawara cewa kuna neman shawara na kwayoyin kafin ku yanke shawarar.
Don ƙarin bayani tuntuɓi shafin yanar gizon Alpha-1 ko kuma kiran alamar haɗarsu: 1-800-245-6809.
Statistics
An gano raunin AAT a kusan kowane yawan jama'a, al'adu da kabilanci. Kungiyar Lung ta Amurka ta kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin mutane 100,000 a Amurka waɗanda aka haife su tare da ragowar AAT. Daga cikin mafi yawancin waɗannan mutane, ana iya ɗaukar matsala mai karfi na AAT. Bugu da ƙari, tun da raunin AAT sau da yawa ko dai an gano shi ne ko kuma ba a gane shi ba, yawanci kamar 3% na duk abin da ya shafi rikirin da aka danganta da rashi AAT ba a taɓa gano ba.
A dukan duniya, mutane miliyan 116 ne masu ɗaukar nauyin AAT. Daga cikin wadannan, kimanin miliyan 25 ke zaune a Amurka. Duk da yake masu sufuri ba su da cututtukan da kansu, za su iya ba da cutar ga 'ya'yansu. Da wannan a hankali, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar cewa duk mutanen da ke tare da COPD , da kuma manya da matasa da ciwon sukari , za a gwada su don rashin rakiyar AAT.
Rashin haɓaka ƙaddamar da ƙaddarar AAT da ke shafi emphysema yana ƙaruwa sosai ga mutanen da suke shan taba. Kungiyar Lung ta Amurka ta nuna cewa shan taba ba kawai yana ƙara yawan haɗari ga emphysema ba idan kuna da rashi na AAT, amma kuma zai iya rage yawan rayuwarku ta tsawon shekaru 10.
Alamomi da cututtuka na Ƙimar AAT
Saboda abin da ake amfani da AAT dangane da phhysema wani lokaci yana ɗaukan bayanan baya don ganewa ƙwarewar siffofin COPD, an yi ƙoƙari sosai a cikin shekaru don gano hanyoyin da za a gane shi. A cewar Chest , manyan siffofi guda biyu na emphysema da suka danganci rashi AAT mai tsanani ya kamata a yi tsammanin abin da ya shafi AAT dangane da emphysema.
Na farko, alamun emphysema a cikin wadanda ba su dacewa da AAT ba yakan faru har sai shekaru shida ko bakwai na rayuwa. A cewar kungiyar Amnesty ta Amurka, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ga mutanen da ke da alaka da tasirin AAT. Ga waɗannan mutane, farkon bayyanar cututtuka na faruwa ne a baya, sau da yawa tsakanin shekarun 32 zuwa 41.
Wani muhimmin muhimmin alama da ke bambanta cutar ta AAT dangane da takaddama na AAT ba shi ne wuri a cikin huhu inda cutar ta fi yawan bayyanawa. A wa] anda ke da alamar cutar ta AAT, cutar ta fi yawanci a cikin ƙananan huhu, yayin da a cikin rashin lafiyar AAT da ke da alaka da cutar, cutar tana shafar yankin da ya fi girma. Dukkan waɗannan siffofin zasu iya taimaka wa mai kula da lafiyar ku don yin cikakken ganewar asali.
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da juna da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na AAT rashi emphysema sune:
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
- Tsohon tari kuma ya kara ƙwarewa
- Kusar murji mai maimaitawa
- Jaundice
- Kusar ciki ko kafafu
- Rage aikin haƙuri
- Wadanda basu da karfin fuka ba ko kuma abin da ke faruwa a cikin shekara
- Matsalolin hanta marasa lahani ko halayen hanta enzymes
- Bronchiectasis
Sanin asali da gwaji
Yin gwaji mai sauƙi zai iya gaya wa likitan ku idan kuna da rashi AAT. Saboda muhimmancin ganewar asali, Jami'ar ta Kudu Carolina ta ci gaba da shirin, tare da taimakon Alpha-1 Foundation, wanda ya ba da izinin kyauta, gwajin sirri ga wadanda ke da hadarin cutar.
Sanin asali na farko yana da mahimmanci saboda katse shan taba da magani na farko zai iya taimakawa jinkirin cigaba da yarinya na AAT.
Don ƙarin bayani game da gwadawa, tuntuɓi Lissafin Nazarin Alpha-1 a Jami'ar Kimiyya na South Carolina a 1-877-886-2383 ko ziyarci Alpha-1 Foundation.
Kara karantawa game da yadda aka samo asali na rashi AAT kuma wajibi ne a gwada shi.
Jiyya don Ƙimar AAT
Ga mutanen da suka fara nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka na AAT dangane da su, maye gurbin (augmentation) farfadowa, na iya zama wani zaɓi na zafin jiki wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen kare ƙwayar cutar a kan enzyme mai lalata, neutrophil elastase.
Saurin sauyawa ya kunshi bayar da nau'i mai mahimmanci na AAT wanda aka samo daga plasma mutum. Yana tada matakin AAT cikin jini. Da zarar ka fara maye gurbin, duk da haka, dole ne ka shawo lafiyarka. Wannan shi ne domin idan ka dakatar, tojin ka zai dawo zuwa matakin da suke da shi na dasfuncinsu kuma tsirrai na neutrophil zai sake fara halakar jikin ka.
Ba wai kawai hanyar maye gurbin ba zai rage ragowar ƙwayar cuta a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da tasirin cutar AAT, amma zai iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a Chest , an nuna magungunan maye gurbin samun dangantaka mai karfi tare da raguwa mai yawa a cikin mita da kuma tsananin ciwon huhu na huhu da ke hade da AAT related emphysema. Binciken ya kammala cewa yayin da emphysema ya kasance ba shi da wata nakasassu, rashin sau da yawa, cututtuka na huhu mai tsanani zai iya taimakawa jinkirin cigaba da halin da ake ciki na AAT da zai haifar da kyakkyawar rayuwa.
Don ƙarin bayani game da ragowar AAT ko sauya sauyawa, magana da mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya ko ziyarci Kamfanin Alpha-1.
Sources:
Ƙungiyar Lung Association ta Amurka. Alpha-1 shafi na Emphysema http://www.lungusa.org. Nuwamba, 2006.
Ƙasar Amirka ta Thoracic Society. Ƙungiyar Amurka ta Thoracic / Ƙungiyar Harkokin Rawanin Ƙwararrun Turai: Ka'idodin Nazari da Gudanar da Mutum tare da Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency " ATS: Disamba 2002. ERS: Fabrairu, 2003.
Shafin Alpha-1. https://www.alpha1.org/
Lieberman, J. "Tsarin Farko Yana Rage Hanyoyin Cutar Kwayoyin cuta a Cutar Antitrypsin: Wani Sabuwar Ma'ana Tare da Bayanan Taimakawa". Chest 2000; 118; 1480-1485.
Stoller, J., MD, FCCP. "Ayyuka na Ingantaccen Tarihi da Tarihin Dan Adam mai Girma-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency". Chest 1997; 111: 123S-128S.