Gout wani nau'i ne na cututtukan arthritis da ke shafar fiye da miliyan miliyan Amurka a kowace shekara. Har ila yau, an san shi azaman aikin wariyar launin fata, cutar ta haifar da kafawar lu'ulu'u na uric acid a cikin haɗin gwiwa (mafi yawan lokutan babban yatsun), da haifar da ciwo mai tsanani, jawa, da tausayi. Yayinda wasu dalilai, kamar cututtukan kwayoyin cuta ko koda, na iya tayar da ku zuwa gout, abinci, barasa, da kiba kuma zasu iya taimakawa.
Jiyya zai iya haɗawa da magunguna (OTC) da kwayoyi maganin maganin magance cutar da rage yawan matakan uric acid. Kuna iya kara rage yawan hare-hare ta hanyar rasa nauyi, yin motsa jiki a kai a kai, da kuma guje wa kayan abincin.
Cutar cututtuka
Hanyoyin cututtuka na gout suna ci gaba da cigaba kuma zasu kara tsananta lokaci idan an bar su ba tare da sunyi ba. Girma da sake dawowa da bayyanar cututtuka suna da alaka da mataki na cutar.
Lokaci asymptomatic shine lokacin kafin ka fara kai hari. Lokaci ne a wannan lokacin da girman tsaurin uric acid a cikin jini zai haifar da urate (gishiri wanda aka samo daga uric acid) don ɗaure da kirkirar lu'ulu'u. Duk da yake baza ku fuskanci wani bayyanar cututtuka a wannan mataki ba, jimillar ƙirar lu'ulu'un ƙwallon ƙafa zai kusan kaiwa hari.
Gudun tsoma baki mai tsayi shine mataki lokacin da za ku fara samun kwarewa a kowane wuri daga kwana uku zuwa 10. Hutun (mafi yawancin suna shafa babban yatsa amma gwiwa, gwiwa, wuyan hannu, yatsun) zai haifar da ciwo da bala'i tare da kumburi, hawan kariya, damuwa, gajiya, da kuma yawan zafin zazzaɓi.
Gwaran da aka fi sani da ita shine wani ci gaba na ciwon da cutar ta yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙuƙwalwar da ake kira tophi . Samun wadannan ƙananan ma'adinai na iya ci gaba da yaduwa kashi da kayan gwanintarwa kuma suna haifar da ciwon maganin ƙwararru da nakasa .
Rarraba na gouttattun ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da duwatsu na koda da kuma lalacewar aikin koda .
Dalilin
Wasu yanayi na kiwon lafiya na iya kara yawan haɗarin gout , ko dai saboda suna lalata aikin koda (barin acidic uric acid su tara) ko kuma suna haifar da kumburi (wanda wasu masanan kimiyya suka yarda sun inganta samar da acid). Misalan sun hada da cututtukan cutar koda (CKD) , nakasawar zuciya (CHF) , ciwon sukari , da kuma cututtuka na psoriatic .
Hakazalika, jinsin iya taka rawar. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misalin shine maye gurbin kwayoyin SLC2A9 ko SLC22A12 wanda ke taimakawa wajen tsara yawan kwayoyin uric acid da jiki kewa kuma yadda aka fitar. Sauran cututtukan gado sun haɗa da cututtukan kwayoyin polycystic (PKD) da cutar Fabry.
Wasu abubuwan haɗarin salon salon rayuwa zasu iya tasiri ga cigaba da cigaba da cutar. Sun hada da:
- Kiba , wanda ke hade da aikin koda ya rage
- Abinci masu arziki a cikin purines , wani fili da aka gano a wasu abubuwan da ke samar da uric acid
- Fructose abin sha da abubuwan giya da suke shafar aikin koda
Wasu magunguna suna da sakamako mai tsauri wanda zai iya ƙara yawan hakar mai acid a cikin jini, ciki har da cyclosporine , Lasix (furosemide) , aspirin low-dose, da niacin (bitamin B3).
Sanin asali
Gout ne yawanci ana bincikarsa bisa ga gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje da gwajin jiki.
Za'a iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje na hoto don tallafawa ganewar asali da / ko kimanta halaye na lalacewar haɗin gwiwa.
Tsarin zinariya na ganewar asali shi ne binciken nazarin ruwa na synovial inda ake fitar da ruwa tare da allura da sirinji kuma an gwada su a karkashin wani microscope don alamun kristin urate. Sauran kayan aikin bincike sun haɗa da gwajin aikin aikin koda da kuma maganin gaggawa don taimakawa wajen tantance hadarin koda.
Za'a iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na gwaji don tantance yadda aka lalata haɗin gwiwa. Tsakanin su:
- Hanyoyin sauti shine hanyar da aka fi dacewa don gwadawa kamar yadda zasu iya gane farkon lalacewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Hakanan X-rayuka na iya bayyana rushewa amma ba a farkon matakan ba.
- Hanyoyin fuska na Magnetic (MRI) da ƙididdigar rubutun (CT) zasu iya ba da shaida mafi kyau na lalacewa amma kuma suna da iyakarsu a farkon cutar.
Jiyya
Gudanar da kulawa da maganin gouttuka shine sau uku: gudanar da ciwo da ƙumburi, don rage matakan uric acid a cikin jini, da kuma hana ƙin abinci ko magunguna da ke inganta aikin samar da acid uric.
Ƙunƙarar gout sau da yawa za'a iya bi da shi tare da hutawa da kuma shirya kankara don rage ƙumbamar wuri. Kwayoyin maganin anti-inflammatory (OTC) wadanda ba su da kariya (NSAIDs) kamar Advil (ibuprofen) ko Aleve (naproxen) zasu iya taimaka.
Wasu lokuta mai tsanani ko maimaitawa suna iya amfana daga sakamako mai ragewa na corticosteroids (wanda aka kawo ko dai ta hanyar kwaya ko allura a cikin haɗin gwiwa) ko magani mai magungunan da ake kira Colcyrs (colchicine) wanda ke rarraba enzymes mai flammory wanda aka ruwaito daga uric acid.
Idan rage cin abinci da sauran ayyukan da ba su iya ba da taimako, za a iya tsara kwayoyi irin su Uloric (febuxostat) ko Zyloprim (allopurinol) . Hanyoyi na ciki sun hada da ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, haɗin gwiwa, da ciwon ƙwayar tsoka.
Krystexxa (pegloticase), wata sabuwar kwayar halitta da aka samu ta hanyar jima'i mai ciki, an tanadar da ita ga mutanen da wasu sauran jijiyoyin gout sun yi nasara.
Ciyarwa
Duk da yake ana iya sarrafa gurasar da yawa tare da magunguna da kuma hutawa, akwai wasu hanyoyin da za su iya kulawa kai tsaye da za ku iya juyawa ko rage ragewar hare-hare mai tsanani. Sun hada da:
- Ka guje wa abinci mai tsabta kamar hanta, naman alade, mussels, tuna, naman alade, da giya
- Ƙara yawan amfanin ku na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, dukkanin hatsi, da kiwo mai laushi
- Shan shan kwalba takwas zuwa 16 na ruwa a kowace rana don taimakawa wajen kawar da kwayar uric acid ta hanyar urination da kuma yin tsinkaye a cikin jini
- Yi amfani da tsarin asarar nauyi idan kun kasance kisa ko obese
- Gudun ƙafafunku a yayin da ake kai hari kuma ya yi nasara da shi
- Yin amfani da na'urar motsi ko motsi don kiyaye matsa lamba daga kafa
- Yin amfani da hanyoyin shakatawa don magance ciwo
Idan bayyanar cututtuka ba ta inganta bayan sa'o'i 48 ko na karshe fiye da mako guda, kira likitanka don tsara alƙawari. A wasu lokuta, magunguna na iya buƙatar canzawa ko gyara idan sun gaza bada taimako.
> Sources:
> Hanier, B; Matheson, E. da Wilke, T. "Sanin ganewa, Jiyya, da Rigakafin Gout." Dokar Am Am Fam. 2014; 90 (12): 831-836.
> Richette, P. da Barden, T. "Gout." Lancet. 2010; 375 (9711): 318-28. DOI: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (09) 60883-7.
> Zhang, Y; Chen, C .; Choi, H. et al. "Abincin abinci mai tsabta mai tsabta da kuma ci gaba da hare-haren gout." Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71 (9): 1448-53. DOI: 10.1136 / annrheumdis-2011-201215.