Wani kuskuren yau da kullum da mutane suke da ita shine daidaitattun fitsari don aikin aikin koda. Saboda haka, zato shi ne cewa idan kuna "yin fitsari," kodanku suna aiki ne kawai. Duk da haka, babu wani abu daga gaskiya, da kuma nazarin aikin kodanku yana buƙatar jarrabawar jarrabawa da wani lokacin hoton rediyo.
Yawancin mutane sun sani cewa yin gwajin gwagwarmayar hanya ce don gwada aikin zuciyarka.
Amma ta yaya za ka gwada aikinka na koda? Kuna iya ji likitoci sun ambaci kalmomi kamar "creatinine" ko "GFR" lokacin da duba yadda kyawawanka suke yi ko mummunan aiki. Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa wanda za'a iya auna kodan, zan bayyana wadanda aka yi amfani dasu mafi sau da yawa a cikin asibiti.
Yayinda yake magana, zaku iya duba aikin koda ta hanyar ko dai:
(1) gwajin jini
(2) Gwajin gwaji
(3) Hoton radiyo
Gwajin jini
Wannan shi ne mafi yawan al'ada kuma mafi yawa shine hanya mafi aminci. Doctors za su yi umurni da yin gwaje-gwaje da dama da za a iya magana da su kamar su "kwamiti na zamani (BMP)," "chem 7," "rukunin aikin ginin," "GFR," da dai sauransu. Ainihin, abin da suke aunawa shine matakan masu zaɓin lantarki da biyu wasu sunadarai da aka kira jini mai gina jiki (BUN) da kuma creatinine.
BUN yayi la'akari da yawan nitrogen da ke cikin jininka a cikin nau'in urea, saboda haka sunan BUN! A wasu kalmomi, abin da muke aunawa shine matakin urea a jini.
Urea, kamar yadda zaku sani, wani fili ne na nitrogen wanda ke cikin fitsari na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a matsayin taki. Kafin ka gama cewa akwai taki dake cikin jininka, bari in jaddada cewa urea masana'antu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin takin mai magani an kera shi ne. A gaskiya ma, urea ita ce "kwayoyin halitta" ta farko (wato, an samo shi a cikin halittu masu rai) wanda aka hade a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje lokacin da masanin kimiyya Jamus Friedrich Wohler ya haxa ammonium cyanate a 1828.
BUN: Tambaya mara kyau
To me yasa muke auna ma'auni urea a jini? Wannan shi ne saboda matakin jinin jini, (ko BUN!) Ya dogara da daidaituwa a tsakanin matakan da ke ƙara yawan jini da vs matakan da ke rage yawan jini. Abubuwan da suke ƙara yawan urea a cikin jini sun hada da abinci mai gina jiki mai gina jiki, da ikon hanta don haɗakar urea, da kuma rashin lafiyar al'ada (wanda ake kira "catabolism") wanda ke haifar da aikin urea. A ƙarshe, tsarin da ya rage girman nauyin urea a cikin jini shine ikon koda naka na excrete urea a cikin fitsari.
Da tsammanin cewa abubuwan da suke ƙara yawan nauyin urea sun tsaya a hankali a kowace rana, zaka iya jayayya cewa matakin urea a cikin jini zai fi dogara da kwarewarka. Saboda haka, ƙwayar koda zai iya ganewa ta karuwa a cikin matakin jini na urea, ko BUN. Duk da haka, ka tuna cewa wannan bayani ne mai sauƙi, da kuma matakan BUN, kamar yadda zaku iya zato, za su iya rinjayar cin abinci, catabolism, da kuma hanta.
Creatinine ne mafi kyau madadin
Ba haka ba ne ka bukaci zama likita na likita don gane cewa BUN ba wani gwaji ne cikakke ba game da kwarewa, dangane da ɓoyewar wasu ƙananan dalilai.
Don haka bari muyi magana game da sauran sinadaran da na ambata a sama: halitta.
Kalmar nan "creatinine" ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci ga jiki, kuma yana da samfurin ƙwayar tsoka. Tun lokacin da kajin muscle ba ya canza a kowace rana, yawan aikin samar da creatinine kuma yana da kyau sosai. Yayinda matakin halittar creatinine ya ci gaba (daga raunin tsoka), kodan suna yin babban aiki don cire shi daga tsarinka. (Yawancin ƙananan, kuma mafi yawanci (wanda ba kamar urea!) Adadin creatinine yana da nasaba da kodan, wanda zai iya rinjayar da jini sosai, amma don sauƙi, bari mu rabu da shi a yanzu).
Sabili da haka, suna zaton cewa ƙwayar tsoka ne, ƙwayar creatinine a cikin jini ya kamata kawai rinjayar da kwarewa zai iya sarrafa shi. Saboda haka, karuwa cikin matakin jini na creatinine yakan haifar da aikin koda mafi tsanani.
Tsarin halittar halittar jini yana daga cikin mahimman bayanai waɗanda zasu iya taimaka wa likitoci su kiyasta ƙimar da kodan ya tarar da jini ta yin amfani da mahimman tsari da daidaito (wanda ba shakka ba mu damu da haka ba). Ana kiran wannan ma'auni a matsayin Ƙididdigar Gida ko GFR; wani lokaci zaka iya jin likitoci suna jifa da yawa yayin magana akan aikin koda. Ga mafi yawan mutane masu yawa, GFR na yau da kullum zai kasance tsakanin 60 zuwa 120 ml / min.
Yanayi na al'ada ne ga mutane na al'ada!
An kiyasta kimanin GFR akan wani tsari wanda aka tsara don yawan mutane masu yawa. Tun da lissafi ya dogara ne akan matakin halittar jini, wanda a gaba ya dogara da ƙwayar tsoka, mai yiwuwa ba zai dace ba a cikin mutane a cikin tsufa (yara, mutane fiye da 70 yrs), ko kuma muscle mass (mutane da raunin muscle, hasara na hanta , da dai sauransu). A wasu kalmomi, matakin halittar creatinine na 1.2 (dauke da "al'ada" kamar yadda ya fi dacewa a cikin layi) zai iya zama lafiya ga wani mutum kamar kwayar halitta kamar Arnold Schwarzenegger amma zai iya nuna mummunan cututtukan koda a cikin wata mace mai shekaru 90. Kamar dai matakin BUN ne, likita na likita ya kamata ya iya fada lokacin da za a yi la'akari da matakan halittar creatinine da GFR da gaske.
Gwajin Urine
Jaraba da fitsari don neman furotin ko jini, kuma abun da ke cikin sinadaran zai iya taimaka wajen nuna rashin lafiyar koda. Protein ko jini ya kamata yawanci ba a iya ganowa a cikin fitsari kuma basu da alamun takamaiman cututtukan koda. Dole likita ya ƙayyade ko ƙayyadadden ƙwaƙwalwar aiki da / ko mai nunawa ga likitan ne.
Bayanan Radiological
Wadannan fasaha sun haɗa da ɗaukar hotunan kodan ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kamar duban dan tayi, CT scan, ko MRI. Wannan zai iya taimaka wajen ƙayyade siffar da girman kodan. Kodan suna da gabar jiki mai tsabta mai tsayi kamar 8-14 cm (3-5.5 inci) a girman (dangane da girman mutum). Yawancin cututtuka na koda, tare da wasu banbanci, suna da kariya da gine-gine kuma ana iya ɗauka wannan sauƙi a kan hoton. Mutum na iya zama mai sauki don samo wasu ƙananan cututtukan koda / dysfunction kamar duwatsu, obstructions, hydronephrosis, polycystic koda cuta, da dai sauransu.
> Source:
> Hall JE, Guyton AC. (2011). Guyton da Hall littafin littattafai na likita . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.