Hanyoyin Maɗaukaki na Magnetic
MRI yana tsaye ne don hoton ɗaukar hoto . A gaskiya, sunan da ya dace don wannan binciken shine siffar haɓakaccen magudi na nukiliya (NMRI), amma lokacin da ake amfani da fasaha domin amfani da shi a lafiyar lafiyar da aka gane kalmar "nukiliya" an ji shi ya zama mummunan kuma an bar shi daga da sunan da aka karɓa.
MRI yana dogara ne akan ka'idojin jiki da sunadarai na nauyin halayen nukiliya (NMR), dabarar da ake amfani dashi don samun bayani game da yanayin kwayoyin.
Yadda MRI ke aiki
Don farawa, bari mu dubi sassa na na'ura na MRI. Abubuwa uku na na'urorin MRI sune:
- Babban mahimmanci
Mafi yawan ɓangaren MRI shine maɓallin farko . Ƙirƙirar filin lantarki na isasshen ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar hotunan MRI shine farkon matsala don shawo kan ci gaban wannan fasaha. - Girgijin gradient
Maɗaukaki na gradient su ne "sashin layi" na MRI. Sun ba MRI damar mayar da hankali ga wani ɓangare na jiki. Maɗaukaki na haruffan ma suna da alhakin "murya" a cikin MRI. - Ƙungiyar
Kusa da ɓangaren jikinka da aka zana shine murfin . Akwai muryoyin da aka yi don kafadu, gwiwoyi, da wasu sassa na jiki. Kayan zai cire wani rediyon rediyo wanda zai yiwu MRI zai yiwu.
Farfesa na Farko
Ma'aji mai dindindin (kamar irin da kuka yi amfani dashi a kan kofa mai firiji) yana da ƙarfin yin amfani da shi a cikin MRI zai kasance da tsada don samarwa da kuma mawuyaci don adanawa.
Ƙarin hanyar da za a yi magnet shi ne ya haɗa waya ta waya da kuma gudanar da halin yanzu ta hanyar waya. Wannan yana haifar da filin magnetic cikin tsakiyar murfin. Don ƙirƙirar girman filin filin magnetic don yin MRI, ƙila na waya ba dole ba ne juriya; Saboda haka ana yin wanka a cikin helium na ruwa a zazzabi 450 digiri Fahrenheit a kasa ba kome!
Wannan yana ba da damar yin amfani da su don bunkasa hanyoyin halayen magudi daga 1.5 zuwa 3 Tesla (ƙarfin yawancin MRI), fiye da sau 20,000 fiye da filin filin magda na duniya.
Maɗaukakan Girma
Akwai karamin karami uku a cikin na'urar MRI da aka kira maigidan gradient. Wadannan darajar sun fi ƙanƙan da ƙananan magnet (game da 1/1000 da karfi), amma sun bada izini a canza ainihin filin magnetic. Wadannan nauyin haɗin gwargwado ne waɗanda ke ba da izinin "siffofi" na jikin da za a halitta. Ta hanyar canza tsofaffin masu girma, ana iya mayar da hankalin filin filin tsaye a kan wani ɓangaren da aka zaɓa na jiki.
A Coil
MRI yana amfani da kaddarorin hydrogen mahaifa don gane bambancin kwayar halitta cikin jiki. Kayan jikin mutum ya kunshi nau'in hydrogen (63%), sauran abubuwa na kowa shine oxygen (26%), carbon (9%), nitrogen (1%), da kuma adadi kaɗan na phosphorus, calcium, da sodium. MRI yana amfani da dukiya na siffofin da ake kira "juya" don gane bambancin tsakanin kyallen takalma irin su tsoka, mai, da kuma tayin.
Tare da mai haƙuri a cikin motar MRI kuma magnet ya kunna, ƙwayoyin halittar hydrogen sun kasance suna juya a daya daga cikin wurare guda biyu. Wadannan nau'in hydrogen atom nuclei zasu iya canza yanayin fuskantan su, ko kuma kafin su kasance, ba tare da komai ba.
Domin yada sauran shugabanci, murfin yana aika rediyon rediyon (RF) wanda ke haifar da wannan miƙawar (yawan ƙarfin da ake buƙata don yin wannan matsayi shi ne takamaiman, kuma ake kira Larmour Frequency).
Ana amfani da alamar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen ƙirƙirar hotunan MRI daga makamashin da kwayoyin sun fitar da su ko kuma suna buƙatar su, daga haɗakarwar su zuwa yanayin rashin ƙarfi. Ana musayar wannan musayar makamashi a tsakanin jihohin jinsin kira resonance, kuma ta haka ne sunan hoton jigon fuska .
Sanya Shi Duk Tare
Har ila yau, sakon yana aiki don gano makamashin da aka ba da shi ta hanyar haɓakaccen haɓaka daga ƙaddarawa daga cikin mahaifa.
Kwamfuta yana fassara bayanan da kuma kirkiro hotunan da ke nuna nau'ikan halaye daban-daban na nau'ikan nama. Muna ganin wannan a matsayin hoton launin toka - wasu kyallen jikin jiki suna nuna duhu ko haske, duk suna dogara ne akan matakan da ke sama.
Za a tambayi marasa lafiya da ake shirin ɗaukar MRI a wasu tambayoyi daban-daban domin sanin ko MRI yana da lafiya ga wannan mai haƙuri. Wasu daga cikin batutuwa da za a magance sun hada da:
- Karfe cikin jiki
Magunguna tare da ƙarfe a cikin jiki sun buƙaci faɗakar da ma'aikatan MRI kafin su jure gwajin MRI. Wasu samfurori na karfe sun dace da MRI, ciki har da mafi yawan implants . Duk da haka, wasu samfurori sun hana marasa lafiya daga samun MRI, kamar su shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma idanu masu ido . - Na'urorin da aka shigar
Magunguna tare da masu hawan katako ko masu shigar da ciki na ciki sun buƙatar faɗakar da ma'aikatan MRI, saboda waɗannan na'urori sun hana amfani da gwajin MRI. - Clothing / kayan ado
Duk wani kayan ado na kayan ado ko kayan ado ya kamata a cire kafin yin nazarin MRI.
Abubuwan abubuwa a cikin kusanci na MRI iya zama haɗari. A shekara ta 2001, an kashe wani yaro mai shekaru shida a lokacin da jirgin ruwa ya haɗu da yaro. Lokacin da aka kunna magnet na MRI, an kwantar da tanin oxygen a cikin MRI, kuma wannan abu mai nauyi yaron yaron. Saboda matsalar wannan matsala, ma'aikatan MRI suna kulawa sosai don tabbatar da lafiyar marasa lafiya.
Bisa
Marasa lafiya sukan koka kan muryar 'motsa jiki' ta hanyar MRI. Wannan murya yana fitowa daga maɗaukaki masu sauƙi waɗanda aka bayyana a baya. Wadannan darajar gradient suna da ƙananan ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da magidancin MRI na farko, amma suna da muhimmanci wajen barin sauƙi a cikin filin filin filin don ganin 'jiki' daidai da jikin.
A Space
Wasu marasa lafiya suna claustrophobic kuma basu son samunwa a cikin na'ura ta MRI . Abin farin, akwai dama da za a samu.
- MRI
Sabbin MRI ba sa buƙatar ka kwance cikin tube. Maimakon haka, marasa lafiya da ciwon MRI na gwiwa, gwiwa, kafa, kafa wuyan hannu, ko wuyan hannu, zasu iya sanya wannan sashin jiki a cikin na'urar MRI. Irin wannan na'ura ba ya aiki don MRI na kafadu, kashin baya, hips, ko ƙusa. - Bude MRIs
Bude MRI yana da matsala mai mahimmanci, amma fasaha ta fasaha ya inganta sosai a cikin shekaru da suka gabata. Duk da yake an rufe MRI har yanzu likitoci da yawa , bude MRI na iya zama madaidaici dace. - Sedation
Wasu marasa lafiya suna da matsala suna zaune har yanzu na tsawon minti 45 da ake bukata don kammala MRI, musamman tare da muryar tsawa. Saboda haka, yana da kyau ya dauki magani don shakatawa kafin samun nazarin MRI. Tattauna wannan tare da likitanku kafin yin nazarin binciken MRI.