Lymphocytes suna da muhimmanci a cikin kiwon lafiya da cutar, kuma wannan labarin zai fara gano yadda. Amma na farko, a nan ne jerin 10 da za su san ainihin lamarin lymphocyte, don fara maka.
Abubuwa 10 na Farko da Kuhimance game da Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes su ne irin farin jini (WBC).
- Lymphocytes su ne kwayoyin halitta na rigakafi da kuma taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta.
- Lymphocytes suna rayuwa a cikin kwayoyin lymph, amma kuma a cikin jini kuma a duk jikin.
- Lymphocytes sun zo ne a cikin nau'i biyu: B-sel da T-cell.
- Yawan lambobi na lymphocytes a cikin jini na iya zama na wucin gadi ko na dogon lokaci.
- Yawancin lymphocytes a cikin jini ana kiransa lymphocytosis.
- Ƙananan lymphocytes a cikin jini ana kiransa lymphopenia.
- Lymphocytes za a iya canzawa cikin lalacewar cutar lymphocytic na kullum , mai cutar lymphoblastic mai tsanani , da wasu irin lymphoma .
- Lymphocytes sun samo asali ne daga kwayar halitta a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa.
- T-lymphocytes girma, ko girma, a cikin thymus, wani gabar jiki a cikin wuyansa yankin.
A ina ne a cikin Jiki An Samu Lymphocytes?
Kowane mutum yana da dukkanin jini guda biyu (RBCs) da kuma jinin jini (WBCs) a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Sukan ja suna ba da jini da launi kuma suna karɓar yawan hankali a yayin darussan kimiyya. Yayin da RBC, ko erythrocyte, ke ba da hanyar zuwa kayan kwarjin oxygen-wulakanci a cikin jiki, ya ba da iskar oxygen da kuma tara sama carbon dioxide, sa'an nan kuma ya koma cikin zuciya da huhu don musayar gas kuma don samun ƙarin oxygen.
A cikin tafiya, RBC yana iya saduwa da nau'o'in WBC guda daban daban a hanya, kuma lymphocyte ɗaya ne daga cikinsu.
Lymphocytes a cikin Blood Stream
RBCs shine babban ma'anar 'zirga-zirga a hanyoyi', saboda haka don yin magana-wato, RBCs kamar motocinku ne, SUVs, pickups, da kuma minivans a kowane tafiya.
A kowane tafiya, duk da haka, kuna kuma ganin wasu motoci ba na fasinja-misali, 18-wheelers, motocin gini, wani U-Haul, ko wataƙila mai shiga tsakani ko biyu.
Wadannan motocin da motoci ba fasinjoji sune irin su WBCs a wurare daban-daban: Ba lallai ba su rage yawancin hanyoyin ba, amma ba ka yi mamakin ganin daya ba.
Saboda haka, lymphocytes, irin na WBC, sun fada cikin wannan nau'in nau'i na jini ba "ba na kowa bane". Ka lura cewa lymphocytes ne kawai daga cikin nau'o'in WBCs, da kuma cewa lymphocytes, kansu, sun zo cikin daban-daban, kamar yadda kuke iya samun 'yan sanda guda biyu da' yan sanda na gida, dukansu a kan hanya guda. Su ne duka motocin 'yan sanda, amma akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin su.
Lymphocytes waje da Bloodstream, a cikin Lymph Vessels
Idan har yanzu kun kasance ku tashi daga kan hanya kuma ba da gangan ba a cikin layi a wurin tashar awo, za ku sami kanka a cikin 'yan wasa 18 da watakila' yan motocin 'yan sanda. Wannan shine irin abin da zai zama kamar shigar da kwayar lymph na jikinka a matsayin jini mai jan jini: ba za ku kasance a can ba. Tsarin lymph shine tsarin tashoshi-tasoshin gada-wanda WBCs kamar su lymphocytes su ne yawan salula na kowa.
Wadannan tashoshin ba su da nisa daga hanyoyi da harsunan da suke cike da RBCs, amma suna da nasarorin sadarwar kansu. RBC ba a al'ada ba ne a cikin wadannan tashoshi, kuma idan sun kasance, zai iya nuna wasu ciwo na cututtuka ko wasu abubuwan rashin haɗari.
Lymphocytes a cikin Nodes na Lymph
Lodes na ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, ƙananan siffofi mai ƙyanƙasa wanda wasu lokuta sukan kumbura-waxanda suke kan wuyanka a lokacin ƙwaro na numfashi na sama, alal misali. Za a iya daukar nauyin ƙwayoyin lantarki "motoci na dakatar da tsarin lymphatic." Wadannan 'motoci suna tsayawa' an shimfiɗa a fili tare da hanyar sadarwar hanyoyi na lymph, wanda ya dace da tsaka-tsaki, inda lymphocytes zasu iya dubawa kuma su zauna a lokacin, samfurin yanayi na gida .
RBCs na iya zama a kusa, tun da wani abu kamar ƙananan ƙumbadin lymph yana buƙatar samun karfin jini, amma dai kwayoyin halittar lymph ne, kwayoyin halitta ba tare da yaduwa ba, da gaske suna shiga kuma suna zaune a cikin kututtukan lymph, da kuma jini mai tsabta, musamman. Tsarin lymph da tsarin siginan sun bambanta; kawai wasu daga cikin WBCs kamar lymphocytes da Macrophages suna iya 'tafiya ta cikin ganuwar' don komawa da tsakanin tsakanin kwayoyin lymphatic da kuma tsarin siginan. Wadannan WBCs zasu iya barin duka tsarin sigina da tsarin lymph, don suyi aiki a wasu sassan jiki, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsu na yau da kullum ko kuma kamar yadda ake bukata.
Lymphocytes a cikin Blood, Lymph, da kuma Organs da Tissues
Don taƙaitawa, lymphocytes suna daya daga cikin nau'ikan WBC wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin sassan jikinka da kuma arteries, a cikin jiki. Amma ana iya samun lymphocytes a wasu wurare a cikin jiki-a cikin ƙananan lymph da canjin lymph na tsarin lymphatic jikinku.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun su a warwatse cikin jiki a cikin tudun, tonsils, intestines, kuma a cikin ruɗin ƙananan hanyoyi, misali. Anan lymphocytes sun wakilci abin da ake kira "kwayar lymphoid." Wasu daga cikin kwayar lymphoid da aka fi sani da shi a cikin hanji, a cikin wani yanki mai suna Peyer's Patches. Lymphocytes sun fi girma a cikin waɗannan wurare, a cikin tsarin da ake kira follicles. A can, lymphocytes sun zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin na rigakafin ta hanyar kulawa da kwayoyin da ke zaune a cikin gut, suna hana ci gaban kwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji.
Ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi ban sha'awa don gano lymphocytes cikin jiki shine kwayar da aka sani dashi. A wasu fannoni, jaririn yana kama da ƙwayar lymph mai girma. Don rage shinge zuwa gagarumar rawar da zai yi a cikin tsarin da ba a rigakafi ba zai zama daidai ba, kamar yadda wannan kwayar ta yi abubuwa da yawa lokaci ɗaya, ciki har da adana yawancin kayan da kake bayarwa na kayan da ke taimakawa jinin ka da jini, kazalika da jinkirta tsofaffiyar RBC daga wurare dabam-dabam.
Mene Ne Tsarin Hidimar Hijira?
Yawancin mutanen da ke cikin asibitin sun fara kallon ainihin lymphocyte ta hanyar shiga cikin microscope a cikin wani lab a wani wuri. Lokacin da aka ɗibi jinin jini kuma aka suma a kan zane kuma ana bi da shi tare da sakonni na daidai, zaka iya ganin lymphocytes duk yanzu kuma daga bisani, a cikin dukkan jinin jini.
- Lymphocytes sun fi girma fiye da jini jini (RBCs)
- Lymphocytes basu da yawa, ko ƙasa da na kowa, fiye da RBCs.
- Lymphocytes ba su da girma kamar jini monocytes , wani nau'i na WBC.
- Ba kamar jinin jinin ba, wanda ba shi da tsakiya a cikin 'yan Adam, lymphocytes suna kama da su kusan dukkanin sun hada da kwayar halitta-kamar kwai mai laushi da ƙananan fari da kusan dukkanin yolk. Da tsabta mai kyau, duk da haka, yolk ko tsakiya na lymphocyte yawancin launin purple ne, yayin da fararen kwai ko cytoplasm ya fi ruwan hoda.
Ina An Yi Lymphocytes?
Kamar dukkanin jini, duka launin ja da fari, lymphocytes zasu fara tafiya a cikin kasusuwa. Da zarar an haife mutum, hawan kasusuwan ya zama kamar ma'aikata don samar da sababbin kwayoyin jini. Lymphocytes sun zo ne a cikin manyan nau'i biyu, kwayoyin T da kuma B. Dukansu su ne lymphocytes, amma suna da ayyuka daban-daban.
T-lymphocytes, yana fitowa, suna da wani labari na musamman idan yazo ga asalin su - labarin da ya nuna ayyukansu masu wuya kamar yadda suke girma. A 'T' a cikin sassan T yana tsaye ne don thymus , yayin da 'B' a cikin sassan B yana nufin ɓarwar kasusuwa.
Dukkanin jinin karen fararen da aka yi a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, amma samfuri na musamman na waɗannan kwayoyin jini sun rabu da su daga kasusuwa zuwa kashin kamus, inda suke 'horar' don zama T-lymphocytes. Kwayoyin Thymus suna samar da yanayi mai kyau, tare da masu karɓar salula da kuma siginar sinadarai, don sake raya T-cells masu dacewa da kyau. Thymus ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan kwayoyin sun girma don samun 'kayan aiki' masu kyau ko wajen alamar tantanin halitta. Har ila yau, akwai tsari na zaɓin zaɓin da kuma cirewa. Masu tsira sun bambanta da CD (CD8 + ko CD4 +) T-lymphocytes kuma suna ciyar da kwanaki 10 a wani ɓangare na thymus, inda suke koyon bambanci tsakanin 'alamu' alamu da 'yan kasuwa. Bayan wannan tsari mai mahimmanci, ƙwayoyin T za su iya barin yourmus kuma suyi ayyukan su a cikin tsarin rigakafi.
Menene Lambobin Halitta suke Yi?
Babu shakka akwai bambancin bambance-bambance tsakanin sassan b da kwayoyin T, ko da yake sun kasance lymphocytes. Kwayoyin B da T da ke hade da "yankuna" daban-daban na tsarin rigakafi. Wani ɓangare na tsarin rigakafi-mafi yawan yankunan B-cell mafi rinjaye - ana mayar da hankali ga yin maganin rigakafi wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu haɗari ga kasashen waje da kai ga hallaka. Sauran ɓangaren tsarin na rigakafi-mafi yawan ƙasashen T-cell mafi rinjaye - an mayar da hankali ga fahimtar mahaukaci sannan kuma ya kashe su da gangan, ta hanyar takaddun shaida wanda ke haifar da yakin cell-to-cell. Wadannan turfs ko yankuna daban-daban suna bayanin su ta hanyar wasu sharuddan. Batun bindigogi, ko kuma magungunan masu zanga-zanga, an san su da rashin lafiya . Ƙararruwar, ko ƙungiyar cell-to-cell, an san shi da rigakafi na kwayoyin halitta .
B-kwayoyin halitta sune tunanin cewa lokacin da tunani game da kwayoyin cuta, ko maganin rigakafi, da kuma kwayoyin T sune kwayoyin da zasu zo da hankali lokacin da suke tunani game da rikici na cell-cell, cytotoxicity, ko kuma ake kira yaduwar kwayoyin halitta. . A hakikanin gaskiya, sau da yawa haɗin kai tsakanin sassan B da T, kamar dai yadda akwai daidaituwa a tsakanin wadanda suka kashe mota da maharan.
B-kwayoyin jikinsu suna girma a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa kuma suna motsawa zuwa ƙananan lymph. B-sassan zama ƙwayoyin plasma ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya lokacin da antigens na kasashen waje ya kunna su; Mafi yawancin kwayoyin B sun zama kwayoyin cutar plasma masu cutar. kawai wasu sun kasance a matsayin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Kwayoyin B-ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa idan abokan gaba sun fuskanci sake a nan gaba, ana shirya su. Kwayoyin Plasma za a iya samun su a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da sauran wurare a cikin jiki, inda suke aiki don samar da babban adadi na kwayoyin cuta. Da zarar an saki kwayoyin cutar cikin jini da lymph, wadannan kwayoyin kwayoyin sun danganta ga magungunan da ake kira antigen don fara aiwatar da kayarwa ko halakar da wakili na waje.
T-kwayoyin T suna girma a cikin thymus kuma sun bambanta cikin iri daban-daban. Akwai nau'o'in T, masu yawa kamar haka:
- Tarin kwayoyin Cytotoxic T da ke kai tsaye kai tsaye kai tsaye ga 'yan kasashen waje irin su kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma ciwon daji.
- Tarin T na taimakawa yada sauran kwayoyin cutar ba tare da tsara tsari ba.
- Kwayoyin T sunadarai suna zaton su kare tsarin rigakafi don haka ba zai iya rikitarwa (kamar yadda yake a cikin cututtuka na autoimmune), duk da haka bangarorin tsakiya na ilmin halitta na wadannan kwayoyin suna kasancewa a ɓoye kuma suna ci gaba da yin muhawwara.
- Kwayoyin halitta na T (NKT) na halitta ba daidai ba ne kamar kwayoyin kisa na halitta, amma suna da kamance. Kwayoyin NKT sune kwayoyin T tarin cytotoxic da ake buƙatar farawa da kuma bambanta don yin aikinsu. Kisa na halitta (NK) Kwayoyin da kwayoyin NKT sune sassan lymphocytes wadanda ke raba ƙasa daya. Dukansu na iya hanzari da sauri wajen kasancewar kwayoyin tumo da shiga cikin maganin rikici na rigakafi.
- T ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar T tuna tuna alamun a kan kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kwayoyin cutar ciwon da suka gani a baya.
Lymphocytes a Lymphoma
Yanzu da ka fi masani da lymphocytes, nau'o'in daban-daban, ayyuka daban-daban, da ƙananan takalma, bari mu ga yadda wannan ya shafi lymphoma.
Lymphoma na faruwa ne lokacin da lymphocytes suka girma kuma suna karuwa sosai. Ciwon daji na faruwa a wasu wurare a ci gaban wasu nau'o'in lymphocytes. Hakanan lymphocytes masu ciwo na iya tafiya zuwa sassa daban-daban na jiki, ciki har da ƙwayoyin lymph, spleen, kasusuwa na jini, jini, ko sauran kwayoyin halitta, kuma zasu iya zama maɗaukaki a wuri daya, wanda ake kira tumo.
Tunda kwayoyin lymphocytes na lafiya suna iya motsawa kuma sun kasance a wurare daban daban a cikin jiki, ra'ayin da aka saba da shi (wanda ya shafi sauran cututtuka) ba ya aiki sosai a lymphoma. Kwayoyin Lymphoma za a iya samuwa a cikin kumburi na lymph kuma watakila a cikin rami, kazalika. Ba za ku kira shi metastasis ba, tun da yarinya wata kwayar halitta ce wadda za a iya gano lymphocytes mai lafiya. Don haka a cikin yanayin lymphoma, akwai harshe dabam dabam wanda ya ci gaba don bayyana yadda yaduwar cutar ta kasance.
Mafi yawan lymphomas farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, amma lymphomas na iya tashi kusan a ko'ina cikin jiki. Lokacin da lymphoma ya fara a waje da kumburi na lymph, an kira shi cutar cututtuka na farko . Lokacin da lymphoma fara a cikin kumburi na lymph amma sai yayi girma kuma ya yadu don shiga wasu sifofi, an kira shi extranodal ko ƙananan cututtuka na extranodal. Ba kamar yaduwa ba, ka ce, prostate cancer kamar yadda metastasizes zuwa wasu kwayoyin halitta kamar kashi, da yaduwar lymphoma zuwa sauran sassan kwayoyin lymph ba dole ba ne irin wannan mahimmanci ga bayanin mutum.
B-cell Lymphomas da T-cell Lymphomas
Hakanan lymphoma guda biyu, Hodgkin da lymphoma ba na Hodgkin , suna da nasaba da tarihin gano su fiye da wani abu da ya dace da lymphocytes. Wannan ya ce, irin lymphoma da Thomas Hodgkin ya gano ya zama lymphoma wanda ya ci gaba a cikin sassan jikin B-lymphocyte na iyali. Tare da lymphomas ba na Hodgkin, za ka iya samun lymphomas na B-cell ko ƙwayoyin lymphomas T-cell. Idan lymphoma B-cell ba shine irin Hodgkin ba, to ana sani da lymphoma B-cell wanda ba Hodgkin, ko B-NHL. Mafi yawan ƙananan hanyoyi na NHL duka sun zama lymphomas na lymphocytes na B. T-cell lymphomas lissafi kimanin kashi 15 cikin dukan NHLs a Amurka. Kamar dai yadda yake tare da lymphomas na B-cell, akwai nau'o'i daban-daban na lymphomas B-cell.
> Sources:
> Sharuɗɗan Kasuwancin NCCN a Oncology. Hakanan lymphomas ba na Non-Hodgkin. Ƙungiyar Cibiyar Cutar Cancer ta kasa. Akwai a http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf.
> SEER Cancer Statistics Factsheets: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cibiyar Cancer ta Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Siyasa: Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Harkokin Cutar Cutar Ebola, da Tsarin Harkokin Ciwon Cutar. Akwai a http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html.
> Stein H, Bob R. Shin Hodgkin lymphoma kawai wani lymphoma B-cell? Curr Hematol Malig Rep . 2009 Yuli; 4 (3): 125-8.