Likitamusin lymphocytic m (ALL) shi ne irin cutar leukemia da yawanci ya shafi yara, ko da yake zai iya rinjayar da manya. Har ila yau ana kiransa lymphoblastic mai tsanani ko lymphoid leukemia. DUKAN yana shafar ƙwayoyin lymphocytes marasa tsabta-irin nau'in jini wanda aka sani da jini.
Bayani
DUKAN shine ainihin ciwon daji na yara a yara, wanda ke da alhakin kashi 25 cikin dari na ƙwayar yara.
Kusan mutane 7,000 suna ci gaba da ALL a kowace shekara tare da kimanin 1,500 mutuwar, kodayake kimanin kashi biyu cikin uku na waɗanda suka mutu su ne manya.
Wannan cututtuka daya ce wanda ke cigaba da hanzari kuma yana halin yawancin kwayoyin jini marar tsarki a cikin jini da ƙashin jini. Duk da yake a baya wannan ya kasance mummunan cututtuka, yanzu ya fi girma da cutar kima .
Irin wannan bayanin na kasancewa da mummunan tashin hankali a lokaci guda zai iya zama rikicewa ga wasu mutane, musamman ma idan kun kasance kuna karanta wani tsoffin littafin likita wanda ya bayyana ALL a matsayin ciwon daji na musamman. Sabili da haka, zai iya taimakawa wajen yin la'akari game da yadda aikin chemotherapy ke aiki, ta hanyar kai hare-hare mafi yawan rarraba kwayoyin halitta.
A wani zamanin da muke da magungunan shan magani na kyauta, da ciwon ciwon daji na iya ƙila za a iya la'akari da "mafi kyau", a kalla a cikin ganin cewa muna da hanyar magance cutar.
Tumors da suke jinkirin girma, da bambanci, sun kasance marasa lafiya da cutar chemotherapy. Kuma yayin da wannan ciwon daji, da rashin alheri, ya faru a cikin yara, yara sukan yi yawa fiye da manya da cutar.
Menene Lymphoblasts?
Lymphoblasts wani nau'i ne na nau'in jini wanda aka sani da lymphocytes.
A cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, tsarin da ake kira hematopoiesis ya faru, wanda shine ma'anar samuwar kwayoyin cutar ta jiki da jini.
Wannan tsari yana farawa tare da tantanin kwayar halitta hematopoietic wanda zai iya samuwa tare ko dai layin myeloid (wanda ya zama wani nau'in jini na jini wanda aka sani da granulocyte, jini jini, ko platelet) ko layin lymphoid. Lymphoblast shine "jariri" a cikin wannan tsari. Lymphoblasts za su iya ci gaba da zama T lymphocytes (T), lymphocytes B (B), ko Kwayoyin Killer Kwayoyin (NK cell.)
Dalilin
Ba'a san ainihin abin da ke haifar da ALL, amma abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da:
- Wasu yanayi, irin su Down syndrome
- Wasu canje-canje na chromosomal ko maye gurbi
- Bayyana ga abubuwa, irin su benzene
- A cikin utero (prenatal) daukan hotuna zuwa hasken rana
- Bayyanawa ga jiyya don ciwon daji, ciki har da radiationrapy da chemotherapy
Cutar cututtuka
Tun da lymphoblasts "na rayuwa" a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa , kowane nau'i na jini yana dauke da kwayar jini mai launin jini, sel jini, da platelets. Kwayoyin jini masu launin da aka samar-ko da idan sun fi girma a al'ada - ba su aiki kamar yadda ya saba ba kuma sau da yawa yawan ƙananan jini, sel jini, da kuma platelets.
Kwayar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:
- Wulo da rauni
- Pallor
- Fever (zazzabi da ba a sani ba asali a cikin yara) ko dare sha
- Kwayoyin cuta masu yawa (wannan zai iya zama da wuya a ƙayyade a cikin yara waɗanda suke samun ciwo da yawa a kowace shekara)
- Zamawa
- Rawancin numfashi
- Raguwar ci abinci da asarar nauyi
- Petechiae (launin fata wanda ya bayyana ja kuma kada ya ɓace lokacin da ka sanya matsin lamba akan fata-kada ka fara)
- Haushi da kuma haɗin gwiwa, musamman a cikin ƙasusuwan da yawa
- Ƙananan ƙaddara ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa, ƙuƙwalwa, da kuma gwangwani
- Ƙaunar girman ciki ko hagu na dama, kawai ƙarƙashin haƙarƙarin
Sanin asali
KASANTA yawanci an fara zaton shi ne akan yawan ƙwayoyin jinin jini da yawan ƙwayoyin lymphocytes marasa ƙarfi.
Ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da aka yi a cikin tsarin bincike zai iya haɗawa da:
- Karin gwajin jini
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Gwaje-gwaje-gwaje don bincika ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, musamman a cikin ciki, kirji, ko igiya
- Lumbar puncture (an yi wa katakon gyaran asalin don neman ciwon ciwon daji a cikin ruwa mai ruwan sanyi)
Jiyya
Yana iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar nan da nan cewa, ba kamar wasu cututtuka ba, chemotherapy ga ALL ana yin sau da yawa a cikin 'yan shekaru, maimakon' yan makonni.
Yin jiyya na DUG zai iya ɓarna a cikin matakai na gaba, amma yawanci ya hada da kima-kullin kwayar cutar (ƙwayoyin cell transplants da radiation far a wasu lokuta wani ɓangare na jiyya asali):
- Sakamakon gyaran gyare-gyare (remission induction) -dan aka gano ALL, mataki na farko shi ne rage ƙididdigar fashewar kuma sake dawo da samar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa. Wannan yana haifar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta kuma an yi wani lokaci a matsayin mai inpatient. Lokacin da wannan mataki ya faru, wani tare da ALL yana yawanci a gafara.
- Ƙaddamarwa - Mataki na gaba (dauke da daya daga cikin matakai a cikin farfadowa bayan ƙaddamarwa) shine "tsabtace" duk wani kwayar cutar ciwon daji wanda aka "bar" bayan an fara farfado.
- Tsaran aikin gyare-gyare- Bayan bayan wannan ciwon daji yana cikin gyarewa, kuma wata rigaya ta shafe duk wani kwayar cutar Kanada , wanda yana da saurin sake dawowa ba tare da magani ba. An tsara farfadowa na kiyayewa don hana sake dawowa da cutar sankarar bargo da kuma haifar da rayuwa mai tsawo.
- Yin rigakafi / magani na CNS - Idan dukkanci yana a cikin ruwa mai mahimmanci, anyi amfani da kwayar cutar chemotherapy ne, tun da yawancin kwayoyi masu cutar chemotherapy ba su ƙetare yaduwar cutar jini. Don yara da yawa da ba su da hannu a kan CNS, ana yin magani (ciki har da wannan kuma mai yiwuwa radiationrapy) don hana ciwon daji daga nunawa ko komawa cikin kwakwalwa.
Sakamakon ganewa ga yara ya fi kyau fiye da manya ga ALL. A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na yara ya sami gafara kuma sama da kashi 80 na yara zasu ci gaba da rayuwa tare da cutar.
Taimako da Kwafi
Yawancin lokuta yana da yaron da yake fama da DUK, don haka goyon baya ya kamata a kula da ɗayan da ke zaune tare da ALL da iyayensu. Koyi yadda za ka iya game da cutar. Samu don neman taimako. Jiyya ga cutar sankarar bargo ne mai marathon maimakon gwaninta kuma zai iya taimaka wa wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka ba da taimako su san cewa ba ku bukatar shi nan da nan, amma don taimakawa wajen taimaka wa lokaci.
Taimako ga yara da ciwon daji ya kara ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata har ma da sansani ga yara masu fama da cutar yanzu suna wanzuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wadannan wurare suna taimaka wa yara su ji kamar basu rasa abin da 'yan uwansu ba tare da ciwon daji ba suna jin dadi.