Monocytes Yi Aikata Ayyukan Ayyuka
Monocytes sune nau'in jini na jini. Kamar sauran kwayoyin jini, monocytes suna da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsarin da ba a iya amfani da ita don halakar da mamayewa, amma har ma a yunkurin warkarwa da gyara. An kafa Monocytes a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa kuma an saki su a cikin jini, inda suka kewaya har tsawon kwanaki. Suna da kimanin kashi 5-10 na kwayoyin jini masu rarraba a cikin mutane masu lafiya.
Monocytes tabbas sun fi sani da rawar da suka taka wajen yin aiki a matsayin wani abu don ajiye sojojin a cikin sojan. Ana iya kiran wasu daga cikinsu idan an buƙata, don samar da nau'i na nau'i biyu na jini mai tsabta: macrophages nama da dendritic sel . Amma monocytes kuma suna da wasu matsayi a cikin kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka, wasu daga cikinsu basu da dangantaka da macrophages da nama da kwayoyin dendritic.
Menene Monocytes Mai Lafiya Suke Yi a Jiki?
Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, ana daukar babban mahimmanci na monocytes shine fahimtar yanayin da kuma sake cika magunguna na macrophages da dendritic jiki, kamar yadda ake bukata.
Yanzu an sani cewa ragowar daban-daban na monocytes suna da alamomi daban-daban, ko alamomin furotin a waje, waɗannan waɗannan maɓuɓɓuka kuma suna iya nuna bambanci. Sauran nau'o'i daban-daban daban-daban sun bayyana yanzu:
- Tarihin na monocytes na gargajiya na kimanin kashi 80 cikin 100 na yawan yawan mutane guda ɗaya.
- Sauran kashi 20 cikin dari na iya ƙidaya ta alamun sunadaran su
- wadanda ba na gargajiya ba ne kawai
- matsakaicin monocytes.
Lokacin da yazo da nau'o'in monocytes da kuma yadda suke aiki a cikin tsarin da ba a rigakafi ba, masu bincike suna aiki da cikakkun bayanai, kuma mafi yawan yanzu an san game da homocytes na linzamin kwayoyi fiye da mancytes.
Hakanan ana amfani da kalmomin "mai kumburi" da kuma "anti-inflammatory" don bayyana homocytes na mutum, bisa mahimman alamar sunadaran, ko masu karɓa, wanda aka samo a bayan wadannan kwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, ba a tabbatar da wasu mutane ba, to, wane nau'i na monocytes suna da sauƙi don shiga ciki kuma daga kyallen takalma, kuma shaida yana nuna cewa akwai nau'o'in monocytes wanda zasu iya rikicewa, kuma suyi kamawa, ko kuma haɓaka, amma ba tare da rayayye ba.
A cikin Spleen
Ana adadin adadin adadin 'yan Adam monocytes zuwa ƙaura cikin kyallen takarda a jikin jikinka inda zasu iya zama ko kuma samar da macrophages da ke aikata ayyuka masu muhimmanci don yaki da kamuwa da cuta da tsaftace jikinsu. Kullun yana da manyan nau'o'in "dodon kwayoyin halitta," ciki har da macrophages, cell dendritic da monocytes. Ta wannan hanyar, ƙwararren zai iya kasancewa tasiri mai mahimmanci don tsarin da ba shi da shi .
Immunity Innate
Abun karewa marar iyaka yana nufin rigakafin da aka haife ku tare da, ba ƙari ba ne wanda zai iya ci gaba da rigakafin da za ku iya ci gaba bayanan, ku ce, maganin alurar riga kafi ko kuma bayan dawowa daga cutar rashin lafiya. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta ba su aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da phagocytosis da kumburi. Macrophages zasu iya shiga phagocytosis, wani tsari wanda suke dauke da su da kuma halakar da tarkace da mamayewa.
Sun kuma iya "janye" duk wani tsofaffi, yayi gargadi da jinin jini a wannan hanya. Macrophages a cikin taimakon ta hanyar tsaftace jinin tarkace da tsofaffin kwayoyin halitta, amma su ma zasu iya taimakawa masu t-lymphocytes su gane masu haɗari na kasashen waje. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, an kira shi antigen gabatarwa. Wannan ɓangaren na ƙarshe, antigen gabatarwa, shine inda tsarin da ke cikin gida ya ƙare kuma inda inda aka samu ko koyi na ba da amsa ga wani maƙasudin maƙwabci na waje ya fara.
Monocytes na taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta a hanyoyi daban-daban
Daga sama, mun san cewa wasu monocytes sun canza cikin macrophages a cikin kyallen takalma wadanda suke kama da Pac-Man, sunadarai kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, tarkace, da kowane kwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar ko marasa lafiya.
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙwararruwar rigakafi ta musamman, ƙwayoyin T, macrophages suna nan da nan don ganewa da kuma kai hari ga sabon barazana. Zai yiwu kawai su zauna a cikin wuraren da suka fi son su, ko kuma su yi sauri suyi ƙaura zuwa wani shafi na kumburi inda za a buƙaci su yi yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta.
Sauran monocytes sun canza zuwa cikin jikin dendritic cikin kyallen takarda, inda suke aiki tare da T lymphocytes. Macrophages iya gabatar da antigens zuwa kwayoyin T, amma sunadarai na dendritic sunyi la'akari dasu sosai a fannin gwadawa idan yazo da wannan aiki.
Suna tara tarkace daga ɓarkewar kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauran kayan kasashen waje kuma sun gabatar da shi zuwa ga T-cell don su iya ganinta kuma su samar da amsa gamsu ga masu mamayewa. Kamar macrophages, kwayoyin dendritic suna iya gabatar da antigens zuwa kwayoyin T a cikin wani mahallin, kamar dai su ce, "Kalli wannan, shin kuna tsammanin ya kamata muyi game da wannan?"
Monocytes a cikin Cututtukan Mutum
Idan kana da gwajin CBC na jini wanda aka yi tare da ƙididdiga dabam dabam, an ƙididdige ƙwayoyin jini guda ɗaya da aka ƙidaya kuma ana adadin lambar, da kuma yawan nauyin jini na jini cikakku ne monocytes.
- Ƙara yawan monocytes na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta daga kwayoyin cuta, naman gwari, ko cutar. Hakanan zai iya zama amsa ga danniya. A wasu lokuta, adadin lamarin monocyte yana iya zama matsala tare da yadda jikinka ke sa sabon jini, kuma a wasu lokuta, wucewar ya faru ne saboda mummunan zuciya, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo.
- Ƙananan matakan monocytes za a iya gani bayan chemotherapy , yawanci saboda yawan ƙwayar jinin jinin ku na kasa.
A cikin mutane, monocytes sun shiga cikin wasu cututtuka irin su kamuwa da cutar microbial, gigice da kuma hanzari da ke haifar da ciwo na kwayar cutar, osteoporosis, cututtukan zuciya, cututtuka na zuciya, da cututtuka na autoimmune. Duk da haka, yadda ake nuna nau'o'in monocytes daban-daban a cikin cututtuka daban-daban na mutane shine harkar bincike.
Monocytes a Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes jinsin kwayoyin ne wanda zai iya haifar da listeriosis, rashin lafiya mai gina jiki. Listeria kariya yana daya daga cikin lokuta da aka ba a lokacin haihuwa, tun da listeria zai iya haifar da meningitis a jarirai; iyaye masu yawan ciki sukan shawarce su kada su ci abinci mai taushi, wanda zai iya ɗaukar littafi.
Ya nuna cewa monocytes zasu iya taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta, amma kuma zasu iya zama "dawakai na Trojan," ta hanyar daukar nauyin kwayoyin cikin kwakwalwa, kuma wannan shine damuwa da listeria. Listeria yana shiga cikin monocytes, amma sai monocytes basu iya kashe kwayoyin ba kuma suna ninka.
Monocytes a cutar sankarar bargo
Layin jinsunan da ke haifar da monocytes zai iya zama cikin rikici kuma ya karu daga iko. Magungunan cutar sankarar mikiya mai rikitarwa, ko "FAB subtype M5" ta amfani da tsarin tsarawa guda daya, yana daya daga cikin siffofin mukakken cutar sankarar myelogenous . A cikin M5, fiye da kashi 80 na sel da aka rushe su ne monocytes.
A cikin cutar sankarar bargo mai yawan jini, ko CMML, akwai ƙwayoyin lambobin monocytes da ƙananan jini a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa kuma suna rarraba cikin jini. CMML yana da fasali na cuta daban-daban na jini, don haka an rarraba ta ta amfani da tsarin tsarin kula da Lafiya ta Duniya a matsayin mahaɗin hade: myelodysplastic syndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm , ko MDS / MPN. Zai iya cigaba da ciwon cutar sankarar myeloid mai zurfi a cikin kimanin 15-30 bisa dari na marasa lafiya.
Monocytes a Lymphoma da sauran Cancers
Masu bincike suna gano cewa monocytes na iya samun ayyukan da ba a so ba dangane da ciwace-ciwacen da kuma cututtuka na iyalan cell cell cell lymphocyte (waɗannan cututtuka da ake kira lymphoproliferative cututtuka).
Maganin macrophages da ayyukan su a cikin ciwon sukari sun hade tare da taimakawa kwayoyin tumatir don gina samfurin jini kuma suyi mamaye da tafiya ta hanyar jini. A nan gaba, wannan binciken zai iya haifar da farfadowa da ke sa ran macrophages don hana ciwon masifa da ciwon tumo.
Ga wasu cututtuka daban-daban, wasu likitoci sun fara amfani da cikakken ƙididdigar monocyte a matsayin alamar haɗari, ko kuma mummunan ilimin ƙwayoyi kafin magani. Ƙara yawan adadin monocytes a sama da wani kofa yana haɗuwa da mummunan sakamako a cikin marasa lafiya da lymphomas T da cell Hodgkin . Hanyoyin lymphocyte-to-monocyte zai iya taimakawa wajen gano marasa lafiya masu kamuwa da cutar a cikin yaduwar babban lymphoma B-cell da kuma ciwon gurguntaccen maganin ciwon maganin nakasar.
Sources:
Tadmor T (2013) Monocytes, Miecytic Myeloid Sakamakon Tsarin Tumaki da Lymphoma: Ta yaya Tight ne Kyau na Tie? J Leuk (Los Angel) 1: e103.
Eigenbrod T, Dalpke AH. J Immunol. RNA na cikin kwayar cutar: Abun da ba a taɓa ba da shi ba don amsar da ba a yi ba. 2015; 195 (2): 411-8.
Gui-Nan Lin, et. al. " Sanarwar lafiyar kwayar cutar lymphocyte-to-monocyte a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ciwon daji na nakasassu na nakasassu wanda ke karbar cutar FOLFOX chemotherapy ." Chin J Cancer . 2016 Dec; 35: 5.