Magunguna masu karfi sun fi so don Kulawa na farko
Haɗaka masu hanawa (wanda aka sani da hadewa masu haɓaka maɓallin sifofi, ko INSTIs) sune magungunan maganin rigakafi wanda ke hana HIV daga haɗuwa da kwayar halitta (kwayar halitta) cikin DNA na kamuwa da kwayar halitta. Yana yin haka ta hanyar kulle wani enzyme da ake kira hadewa, kuma, ta yin haka, ba zai iya yiwuwa HIV ta yi amfani da shi ba.
Isentress (ratelgravir) shi ne na farko INSTI da Cibiyar Abinci da Drug ta Amurka ta amince (FDA) a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2007.
Dukkanin sun fada cewa, a halin yanzu akwai kwayoyin sunadarai na INSTI uku da kwayoyi guda hudu da suka hada da kwayoyin da suka hada da INSTI.
- Isentress (ratelgravir)
- Tivicay (dolutegravir)
- Vitekta (elvitegravir)
- Triumeq (dolutegravir + abacavir + lamivudine)
- Stribild (elvitegravir + cobicistat + tenofovir + emtricitabine)
- Genvoya (elvitegravir + cobicistat + tenofovir AF + emtricitabine)
Yayinda hada haɗin haɗin gwiwa, Dutrebis (ratelgravir + lamivudine), da Cibiyar Abinci da Drug ta Amurka ta amince da shi, ba a samuwa a kasuwancin Amurka ba a yanzu.
Masu sayar da kwayoyi ViiV da Janssen Pharmaceuticals suna haɗuwa a kan wani hade mai haɗuwa wanda zai haɗa dolutegravir tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi Edurant (rilpilvirine) . Wani dan takara na INSTI, cabotegravir, yana jurewa gwajin gwaji na gwaji na III.
A matsayin magungunan kwayoyi, haɗakar masu haɓaka suna dauke da amfani wajen magance cutar ta HIV, tare da sauƙaƙe buƙatun buƙatun, ƙananan sakamako masu illa, ingantattun bayanan juriya, da kuma haɗari.
Saboda haka, INSTIs an ƙayyade a cikin zaɓin magani mafi kyau a yawancin jagororin HIV, ciki har da waɗanda Amurka
Taimakon yanzu daga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da kuma Ayyukan Harkokin Kiyaye na Harkokin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya na haɗaka masu haɓakawa a matsayin wakili na farko don mutanen da aka saba magance cutar HIV. A gaskiya, daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan magani guda shida da aka bada shawarar don sababbin magunguna, biyar sun ƙunshi mai hadewa mai haɗin gwiwa kamar wakilin magunguna na baya.
Yaya Yada Ayyukan Ma'aikata Masu Girma?
Kwayar HIV ta haɗu da kwayar cutar ta kwayoyin halitta a cikin DNA ta cell cell din a cikin matakai guda biyar:
- Hadaddiyar haɗakarwa tana ɗaukar kwayar HIV DNA, wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin wani tsari wanda ake kira juya bayanan .
- An shirya DNA na DNA don hadewa a cikin tsarin da ake kira cleaving, wanda ke rufe kullun kwayoyin halitta, yana barin rabuwa a cikin tsari.
- An saka nauyin yatsa a tsakiya ta tsakiya ta hanyar makamin nukiliya .
- Da zarar a cikin tsakiya, an sanya HIV DNA a cikin DNA mai watsa shiri a cikin abin da ake kira rikodin sauya hanyar. A wannan mataki, kwayar cutar ta DNA tana kai hari ga DNA cell cellular, ta raba sassan da ke riƙe da DNA din tare kuma ta haɗa kansa ta hanyar hadewar sinadarin kwayoyin halittar DNA.
- Wannan harin ya haifar da mayar da martani ga mayar da martani na halitta wanda ake kira gyare-gyare , inda cellular din zai gyara duk wani lalacewa ga DNA, yana maida hankali sosai wajen karɓar jigilar halittarta.
Hakanan ta hanyar kulle enzyme mai haɗuwa, dukkanin haɗin gwiwa ya tsaya, yadda ya kawo karshen kwayar cutar 'zagaye na rayuwa. Duk da haka, a matsayin hadewa daya ne kawai daga cikin matakai da dama na kwayar cutar HIV, an dauki wasu kwayoyi don hana wasu matakai, kara hana cutar HIV daga sakewa da kuma tabbatar da cewa an cire wannan aikin bidiyo mai kamala (kamar yadda aka auna ta kwayar cutar HIV).
Hanyoyi da Abubuwan Tafi
Ba kamar sauran nau'o'in maganin kwayar cutar HIV ba, hadewa masu hanawa sunyi aiki a kan hanyoyin da suka dace da kwayar cutar ta jiki fiye da kan kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, suna da nauyin sakamako kaɗan, da farko da zazzaɓi, tashin zuciya, gajiya, ciwon kai, da rashin barci.
Mafi yawa daga cikin wadannan halayen, duk da haka, suna da rikice-rikice kuma yawanci sukan warware kan kansu. Da wannan an ce, idan kun fuskanci duk wani mummunan abu yayin da kuke haɗuwa da magungunan ƙwayoyi, shawarci likitanku ko asibitin nan da nan. Kada ka dakatar da magani ba tare da kalla magana ga mai sana'a mai ƙware ba. Tsayawa da canzawa ba tare da daɗewa ba zai iya yin ƙari fiye da kyau.
Hakazalika, yayin da masu haɓaka masu haɗaka basu da karfin yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi , to ya kamata ka guje wa rashin ciwo ko gasa a magani. Tsayayya yana faruwa a yayin da matakan miyagun ƙwayoyi suka fara fada, suna barin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su fito da kara. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ƙwayoyinku ba za su iya yin aiki ba kamar yadda kafin kuma, a wasu lokuta, sun kasa.
Tun da masu haɓaka haɗin kai sun kasance a cikin jini don tsawon lokaci, suna iya kawar da mutun kwayoyin cutar HIV ko da a lokacin da aka rasa asurai. Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa katsewar lokaci mai tsawo yana da rashin lafiya da shawara kuma cewa adherence yau da kullum zai zama mahimmanci ga nasara.
Sources:
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Hanyoyin Cutar Drug - Drug Name: Isentress (ratelgravir) 400mg Tablets." Silver Spring, Maryland; Oktoba 12, 2007.
Cibiyar Harkokin Kwayoyin Harkokin Harkokin Cutar da Cututtuka na kasa (NIAID) "Ci gaban kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs." Bethesda, Maryland; sabunta Yuli 21, 2015.
Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (DHHS). "Sharuɗɗa don Amfani da Ma'aikata marasa lafiya a HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents." Rockville, Maryland; sabunta Janairu 28, 2017; isa ga Maris 24, 2017.
Craigie, R. da Bushman, F. "Ciwon kwayar HIV DNA." Cold Spring Har ila yau Tsinkaye a Medicine. Yuli 2012; 2 (7): a006890.
Bushman, F .; Fujiwara, D .; da kuma Craigie, R. "Rigunar DNA da aka kwantar da shi wanda aka tsara ta hanyar gina kwayar cutar HIV a cikin vitro." Kimiyya. Satumba 28, 1990; 249 (4976): 1555-1558.