Muhimmiyoyin Lokaci a cikin Gwaninta da Mafi Girma a Duniya
Tarihin HIV ya cika da ciwo da rashin nasara yayin da duniya ta fuskanci abin da zai zama mafi girma a duniya na zamani. Abin da ya fara tare da cike da cututtukan da suka kamu da shi ya karu zuwa wani annoba wanda yau ke shafar mutane miliyan 36 a duniya.
Sashin HIV ya fara tun farkon 1981 lokacin da New York Times ya bayar da rahoton cewa cutar ta kamu da ciwon daji a tsakanin maza da mata a New York da California.
Wannan "ciwon daji na gay" kamar yadda aka gano shi a matsayin Kaposi sarcoma , cutar da ta haifar da mummunan cutar a shekarun 1980 da 1990.
A cikin wannan shekarar, ɗakunan gaggawa a birnin New York sun fara ganin mummunan ragowar wasu samari marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwo, fuka-fuka, da kuma irin ciwon huhu da ake kira Pneumocystis . Ba wanda zai iya tunanin cewa wadannan abubuwan da ba a saba da su ba, za su kasance suna haifar da fashewa a duniya, ta kashe miliyoyin mutane a cikin 'yan shekaru.
1981
1981 ya ga bayyanar Kabili sarcoma da pneumocystis ciwon huhu a tsakanin mazauna mazauna a New York da California. Lokacin da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka suka bayar da rahoton sabon fashewa, sun yi masa suna GRID (ko gay-related immune deficiency), suna nuna rashin amincewa da gay al'umma a matsayin masu dauke da cutar. Duk da haka, lokuta ba da daɗewa ba sun fara bayyana tsakanin maza da mata, mai amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma hemophiliac, suna tabbatar da rashin ciwo ba tare da iyakoki ba.
1983
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Pasteur a Faransa sun ware wani retrovirus da suka yi imani da alaka da cutar HIV. A wannan lokacin, kasashe 35 da ke duniya sun tabbatar da cewa cutar ta kasance, har zuwa wannan lokaci, kawai ya shafi rinjayar Amurka a nan da nan bayan da gwamnatin Amurka ta sanar da daya daga cikin masana kimiyya, Dr. Robert Gallo , ya ware wani retrovirus da ake kira HTLV-III, wanda suke da'awar cewa yana da alhakin AIDS.
Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an tabbatar da cewa HTLV-III da Pasteur retroviruses guda ɗaya ne, suna jagorantar kwamitin kasa da kasa don sake haifar da kwayar cutar HIV (cutar ɗan adam).
1984
Wani ma'aikacin jirgin sama na Kanada, wanda aka lasafta shi ne " Mutuwar Tsai ," ya mutu ne akan matsalolin cutar AIDS. Saboda jima'i da jima'i da dama daga cikin wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cutar ta HIV, an ba da rahoton cewa yana da alhakin gabatar da cutar zuwa Arewacin Amirka. A wannan lokacin akwai mutane 8,000 da aka tabbatar da su a Amurka, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 3,500.
1985
Tambayar da ke kewaye da kwayar cutar ta HIV ta ci gaba yayin da Labarin Gallo ya rubuta takardun gwaji na HIV wanda daga bisani Cibiyar Abinci da Drug ta Amurka ta amince (FDA). Cibiyar Pasteur ta ba da izini kuma an ba da dama ga ƙarshe zuwa rabin rabi daga sabon gwajin. A wannan shekarar, kwayar cutar ta HIV ta shiga fahimtar jama'a tare da mutuwar Rock Hudson da labarai cewa an hana Ryan White mai shekaru 14 daga makarantar sakandare a Indiana don samun ciwon HIV.
1987
Na farko kwayar cutar HIV, da aka sani da Retrovir (AZT) , ta yarda da FDA. Bayan shekaru shida na rashin watsi da cutar da kuma rashin amincewa da rikicin, shugaba Ronald Reagan ya yi amfani da kalmar "AIDS" a cikin jawabin jama'a.
A wannan batu, an yi imanin cewa akwai kwayar cutar HIV tsakanin duniya tsakanin 100,000 da 150,000.
1990
Bayan shekaru masu jagorancin yaki da kwayar cutar HIV a Amurka Ryan White ya mutu a shekara 19. A wannan shekarar, majalisar dokokin Amurka ta kafa Dokar White Care Act ta samar da kudade na tallafawa gwamnati don kulawa da mutanen dake dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. A wannan mataki, adadin mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV a duk fadin duniya sun shafe kusan kusan miliyan daya.
1992
FDA ta amince da farko da za a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da AZT da aka sani da Hivid, yana nuna alamar ƙwararrun likitoci na farko da suka hada da haɗin gwiwa. An binne shi nan da nan bayan Epivir (lamivudine) wanda har yanzu ana amfani dashi a yau.
1993
Binciken Birtaniya da aka sani da Concorde Trials ya ƙare cewa AZT monotherapy ba kome ba don jinkirta cigaba da cutar HIV. A sakamakon wannan rahoto, sabuwar motsi ta fito ne don ƙaryatãwa game da cutar HIV ko kuma cewa cutar ta kowace hanya tana da nasaba da cutar.
1996
Jiyya yana daukar wani mataki na gaba gaba tare da gabatar da kwayoyin HIV dauke da kwayar cutar da ake kira '' Inhibitors Protease '. Idan aka yi amfani da ita sau uku, kwayoyi sun tabbatar da tasiri ba kawai don kawar da kwayar cutar ba amma suna taimakawa mutane su mayar da tsarin rigakafi zuwa matakan kusa-na al'ada. Wannan yarjejeniya ta zama cikakke sosai a kan aikin maganin rigakafi, ko HAART .
1997
Binciken Nazarin Ciwon Bincike na Kanjamau Nazarin binciken 076 ya ruwaito cewa amfani da AZT lokacin daukar ciki da kuma lokacin aikawa ya rage karuwar HIV daga uwa zuwa yara zuwa kashi uku kawai. A cikin wannan shekarar, kasa da watanni 12 bayan da aka gabatar HAART, yawan kwayar cutar HIV a Amurka ta karu da kashi 35 cikin 100.
1998
Na farko gwajin mutum a Amurka ya fara gwada cutar VAXGEN HIV. (Wannan shi ne karo na farko na irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje wanda har yanzu ba mu sami dan takarar mai yiwuwa ba .)
2000
Kungiyar ta AIDS ta nuna jin dadin jama'a a yayin da shugaban kasar Afirka ta kudu Thabo Mbeki ya bayyana a taron kasa da kasa na AIDS cewa "cutar bata iya haifar da ciwo ba." A wannan lokacin, kusan mutane miliyan 20 sun mutu daga AIDS a dukan duniya, ciki har da kusan kusan miliyan 17 a yankin Saharar Afrika.
2004
Yayin da al'umma ke fama da cike da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi a tsakanin mutane a kan HAART, an sake sababbin sababbin magungunan da ake kira tenofovir wanda ya nuna cewa zai iya shawo kan matsalolin magunguna masu yawa . Ba da daɗewa ba a kori Thabo Mbeki daga shugabancin kasar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka fara amfani da kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar HIV a cikin kasar, ya bude kofa ga mafi yawan maganin shan magani a tarihi.
2009
Masana kimiyya a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill sun sanar da sun tsara tsarin tsarin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar HIV, ta ba masana kimiyya damar samar da kayan aikin bincike da sababbin maganin cutar HIV. Yawancin wannan kokarin ne wanda ya haifar da ci gaban haɓaka masu haɗin gwiwa waɗanda aka yi amfani dasu yanzu don maganin farko a Amurka.
2010
Nazarin iPrEX shine na farko na gwaje-gwajen da ke nuna cewa kwayoyin cutar HIV ne masu amfani da kwayar cutar HIV za su iya amfani da su daga cutar. Shirin, wanda aka sani da kwayar cutar HIV (preEP exposure) , a yau an umarce shi don kare mutane a babban hadarin kamuwa da cuta.
2013
Wani binciken da Cibiyar Tattaunawa ta Kanjamau ta Arewacin Amirka ta Yarda kan Bincike da Zane (NA-ACCORD) ya ruwaito cewa wani mai shekaru 20 da ya fara cutar kanjamau yana iya sa rai ya rayu a cikin farkon shekarun 70s. Wannan shi ne na farko na yawancin irin wannan tabbatarwa wanda ya kwatanta tasirin maganin cutar kanjamau a rayuwar rai .
2014
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan HIV / AID (UNAIDS) ya sanar da wani shiri mai mahimmanci don kawo karshen cutar ta HIV ta 2030 ta hanyar bincikar kashi 90 cikin dari na mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a duk duniya, da saka kashi 90 a kan cutar HIV, da kuma cimma burin bidiyo ƙaddamar da kashi 90 cikin dari na waɗanda. An yi la'akari da 90-90-90 , shirin yana fuskanci gudunmawa mai gudummawa daga kasashe masu bada tallafi da kuma karuwar yawan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma rashin lafiya a duniya.
2015
Indiana ta shawo kan cutar mafi yawan cutar HIV tun daga shekarun 1990 tun daga lokacin da aka yi fama da annoba da kuma juriya a lokacin-Gwamna Mike Pence don ba da izinin musayar canji a cikin jihar a kan "kullun dabi'a." A sakamakon haka, fiye da 200 ne aka ruwaito a cikin 'yan makonni da kuma kusa da garin Austin, Indiana (yawan mutane 4,295).
2016
Bayan da aka saki Zaman Lafiya na Kwararrun Kwayoyin cuta (START) a ƙarshen 2015, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Human Service, da sauransu, ta bada shawarar cewa farautar cutar HIV zai fara a lokacin ganewar asali. Yayinda yake tsayayya da jinkirta jiyya, an tabbatar da sabon tsarin don rage cututtukan rashin lafiya da kashi 53 cikin dari.
2017
Yanzu a cikin shekara ta 36, cutar ta ci gaba da rike rayukan mutane miliyan daya a kowace shekara kuma ya kara da sababbin cututtuka da suka kamu da miliyan 1.8 a shekara ta 2017. A yanzu an kiyasta kimanin mutane miliyan 36.7 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a dukan duniya, wanda akalla miliyan 20.9 ke kan maganin cutar antiretroviral. A} alla, mutane fiye da miliyan 76 sun kamu da cutar ta HIV tun lokacin da aka fara cutar da mutane miliyan 35 suka mutu.