Yawanci an yarda cewa cutar HIV-1 ta samo asali ne daga samuwa (ko kuma haɗuwa) na ƙwayoyin cuta biyu na simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) - daga macabey mai ja-capped da ɗayan daga ƙuƙwalwar da ta fi girma. SIV aka haɗu da kamfanonin da suka haɗa da cutar Pan troglodytes chimpanzee a Afrika ta Tsakiya, wanda aka ba da shi ga mutane ta hanyar jinin jini da / ko amfani da katako.
Zoonotic cututtuka
Maganar Zoonotic-wadanda suke tsalle daga dabbobi zuwa ga mutane-ba su da wata alama ba, tare da kara shaidar da kwayoyin ke nunawa cewa ko da cutar kyanda, kanananpox da diphtheria na iya haifar da kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar. Salmonellosis , kamuwa da kwayar cuta na kwayar cuta wanda zai iya ci gaba zuwa yanayin da ke fama da cutar AIDS , ya zama misali mafi kyau, mafi yawancin sakamakon sakamakon nama mai lalata, qwai ko kayan kiwo.
Sabuwar bincike daga masu bincike a Jami'ar Oxford ya tabbatar da cewa "tsalle" yana iya faruwa a Kinshasa, babban birnin jamhuriyar demokuradiyyar Congo (DRC), a wani wuri a cikin shekarun 1920, kuma shine tushen cutar da cutar da muke sani a yau.
Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ta tabbatar da Cibiyar Gida
Don sanin wannan, masana kimiyya sun kwatanta bambancin kwayoyin cutar da aka samo a cikin kwaminis na Congo, ciki har da DRC da Cameroon. Abin da suka iya gane shi ne, ta hanyar amfani da bayanan kwayoyin halitta da tarihin tarihi, fashewa ba ta fara ne a Cameroon kamar yadda aka rigaya ta yi tunani ba, amma sakamakon yaduwar cutar tsakanin Kinshasa da Kamaru sakamakon sakamakon cinikin ruwa.
Masu binciken sun tabbatar da cewa cutar da aka samu a Kinshasa ta nuna karin bambancin kwayoyin cuta HIV-1 a ko'ina dabam-sakamakon yaduwar kwayar cutar ta hanzari daga mutum zuwa mutum - har ma da kwayar cutar HIV-1 da aka fi sani da shi.
Daga shekarun 1920 zuwa 1950, hanzari da gaggawa da kuma ci gaba da zirga-zirga sun sanya Kinshasa babbar hanyar sufuri, saboda haka yaduwar cutar HIV-1 a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma nan da nan bayan Gabas da Kudancin Afirka.
Kwanan jigilar kwayar cutar ya bar a wannan lokacin da aka kwatanta yaduwar kwayar cuta a ko'ina cikin DRC (wata ƙasa kamar girman yammacin Yammacin Turai) yayin da mutane ke tafiya a kan hanyoyi da hanyoyin ruwa zuwa garuruwan Mbuji-Mayi da Lubumbashi a kudu da Kisangani a arewa .
Daga tsakanin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, yin amfani da magungunan hypodermic wanda ba a san shi ba a cikin cututtuka na cututtuka da karuwar jima'i da ci gaban kasuwancin cinikin cinikayya ya kasance daga cikin dalilai don yaduwar yaduwar ƙwayoyi, musamman ma a cikin yankunan ƙudan zuma inda akwai (kuma ya ci gaba da zama ) babban ma'aikata masu ƙaura.
A cikin shekaru 20, tsarin tafiyar da ke taimakawa kwayar cutar "yada ba ta da karfi, amma ba ta da kyau. A farkon shekarun 1970, an riga an shuka tsaba daga cikin cutar ta hanyar gaggawa zuwa Arewacin Amirka da na Turai saboda yawan iska da na teku.
Tun daga shekarar 1981 ne aka gano cewa an fara gano cutar AIDS a Amurka, sannan kuma kawar da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin shekara ta 1983. Yau, sakamakon cutar ta duniya, kimanin kusan miliyan 75 ne suka kamu, ya haifar da fiye da 30 Miliyoyin mutuwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, shirin hadin gwiwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da HIV / AIDs ya nuna cewa mutane sama da miliyan 36 sun san cewa suna fama da cutar a duniya.
Sources
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Bedford, M .; Ward, A .; Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Yaduwar cutar da cutar ta HIV-1 a cikin yawan mutane." Kimiyya . Oktoba 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
Shirin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Rahotanni na Duniya - rahoton UNAIDS game da cutar AIDS a duniya 2013." 2013; Geneva, Switzerland.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles. " Rahoton ƙuntatawa da mutuwar mako-mako (MMWR) 1981, Atlanta, Georgia.
Barré-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J. Rey, F .; et al. "Haɓaka wani t-lymphotropic retroviru s daga mai haɗari a hadari domin samun ciwon rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya (AIDS)." Kimiyya. Mayu 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.