Indiana HIV ta bullo da ƙananan haɗari na rashin aiki
Ranar 27 ga watan Maris, 2015, Gwamnatin Indiana, Mike Pence, ta bayyana dokar ta baci, bayan jami'an kiwon lafiya, suka tabbatar da cewa, akwai kamfanoni 81, na cutar HIV, a tsakanin masu amfani da magunguna (IDU), a yankin Scott County. Yawancin lokuta sun rabu da su a kusa da garin Austin (pop 4,295), inda aka samu cututtuka ta hanyar raba raƙuman ruwa yayin da yake kwantar da hankalin opioid, Opana (oxymorphone).
Tun farkon watan Afrilu, adadin mutanen da aka tabbatar sun kamu da 190.
Bayan da aka saki labarai, Pence ta gabatar da matakan gaggawa na gaggawa, ciki har da shirin musayar mahimmanci da ake bukata na wucin gadi wanda 'yan siyasar mazan jiya a jihar suka yi tsayayya. Shirin shirin na tsawon shekara ya ba masu amfani a yankin Scott County da maganin haɓakawa na ragewa da kuma samar da sana'o'i kyauta a mako guda. Bugu da kari, rajista a kan shafin yanar gizon sabuwar lafiyar Jihar a Indiana ( HIP) yana ba wa mazaunan da ba su da kudin shiga gaggawa gaggawa.
Indiana tana cikin cikin dogon Amurka guda biyu da ke aikata laifin rarrabawa da mallaka na shinges ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba, saboda ƙyamar cewa yana ƙarfafa amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bayan shawo kan Indiana, 'yan majalisa sun amince da dokar da za ta ba da iznin musayar magungunan aiki a wasu ƙananan hukumomi, sai dai idan hukumar kula da lafiya ta gida "ta bayyana cewa cutar HIV ta kamu da hepatitis C tsakanin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi" kuma kwamishinan kiwon lafiya na jihar ya yarda da bukatar.
An yi watsi da kokarin da aka yi na cigaba, har yanzu Pence da kansa sun yi musayar ra'ayoyin da ya yi akan matakin da ya shafi "dabi'a".
Ba wani misali ba ne kawai lokacin da Pence ta dauki mataki mai kariya game da tsarin rigakafi na HIV da yayi la'akari. Yayin da yake ci gaba da gudanar da babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta 2000, Pence ya bayar da shawarar cewa an ba da rancen kudi na tarayya na Ryan White Care daga kungiyoyi da suke "bikin da kuma karfafa" liwadi ga "wa] annan cibiyoyin da ke bayar da taimako ga wa] anda ke neman sauya halayensu."
Yayin da fashewa ya faɗakar da duniya ga Indiana da ƙananan ƙananan gari da ke kusa da kudancin Kentucky-tare da mutane da dama suna bayyana wannan lamarin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba" -yayan sunyi gargadin cewa ba dole ba ne a yi la'akari da shi ko dai yana da bambanci ko na musamman.
Ta yaya fashewa ta Indiana ta nuna tasowa a Rasha da tsakiyar Turai
Yayin da ake la'akari da jima'i a matsayin hanyar farko na kwayar cutar HIV a duniya, bincike na annoba ya nuna cewa wannan batu bane bane. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, jami'an kiwon lafiya na duniya sun ga wani mummunar yaduwar cutar HIV a tsakiyar Asiya, Gabashin Turai, da kuma Rasha, tare da karuwa fiye da kashi 250 tun shekarar 2001.
A cikin yawancin wadannan yankuna, ana amfani da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a yau shine yanayin farko na cutar HIV - ciki har da Estonia inda kashi 50 cikin 100 na dukan sabon cututtuka suna cikin IDUs da St. Petersburg, Rasha inda IDU ke wakiltar kashi 59 cikin 100 na dukan cututtukan HIV. Dukkanin sun fada, kashi 40 cikin dari na duk sabon cututtuka a cikin yanki ya zama dole, a kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, wajen raba kwayoyin cutar ta HIV.
Yayin da kamance tsakanin Austin, Indiana, da kuma Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Asia ba su da alama duk abin da ya bayyana a farkon, direbobi na kamuwa da cuta sun kusan littafi a cikin maganganunsu.
Sashin talauci mai zurfi, rashin kulawa da sabis na fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi zai iya saukowa sau ɗaya, kamar yadda suka yi a Austin, don haifar da "mummunar hadari" don fashewa.
A Indiana, alal misali, Highway 65, wadda ta shafi ta hanyar Austin, an san shi da wata hanyar miyagun ƙwayoyi tsakanin garuruwan Indianapolis da Louisville, Kentucky. Yawancin matakan talauci a Austin (37%) suna da alamar haɗuwa da ƙananan yawan yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, tare da kafa cibiyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa don samar da amfani da kwayoyi irin su Opana (wanda ya kasance a cikin manyan kwayoyi masu guba uku a Amurka a yau ).
Tare da kawai likita a garin da kuma ƙin yarda da ƙwayar maɓallin buƙatar ƙirar buƙata ta hanyar motsa mummunan lalacewa har yanzu karami, mafi yawan sun yarda cewa akwai kadan don hana rigakafi daga faruwa.
Ta hanyar kwatanta, tashin hankali na cututtuka na IDU a Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Yammacin Turai, da kuma Rasha za a iya komawa zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990s bayan ragowar Soviet Union. Rushewar tattalin arziki wanda ya samar wa likitocin miyagun ƙwayoyi damar karuwar kasuwanci daga jaridar heroin daga Afganistan, mafi girma a duniya, wajen samar da opium, zuwa sauran yankin. Da kadan a hanyar hanyar amsa gwamnati kuma ba tare da wani maganin rigakafi da / ko jaraba ba, an samu annoba a tsakanin IDU ya girma ga abin da yake a yau: fiye da miliyoyin cutar HIV a cikin wadannan yankuna uku.
Yad da yin amfani da Drug Use Trends a Amurka
Ana ganin irin wannan yanayin ba kawai a Arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya ba, amma a cikin kwakwalwa a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka. A gaskiya ma, a shekara ta 2007, an yi amfani da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin na uku mafi yawancin rahotanni game da haɗarin haɗari a Amurka, bayan saduwa da namiji da namiji da haɗarin haɗari da mata .
Tun daga farko zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, an yi ƙoƙari don ƙara yawan doka don magance matsalolin magance cutar HIV da sauran cututtuka masu kwakwalwa a tsakanin IDU. A yau, akwai shirye-shirye fiye da 200 a Amurka, da rarraba fiye da miliyan 36 a kowace shekara.
A Jihar New York, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun bayar da rahoton cewa cutar HIV a cikin IDU sun ragu daga kashi 52 cikin dari a 1992, lokacin da aka fara kafa shirin musayar magungunan jihohi, kashi 3 bisa dari a 2012. An yi amfani da maganin maganin rigakafi a tsakanin IDU. taimakawa zuwa ƙananan rates.
Sources:
Ma'aikatar Lafiya na Jihar Indiana. "Jami'ai, Jami'ai na Tarayya da na Tarayyar Turai sun amsa maganin cutar HIV." Indiana, Indianapolis; latsa wallafawa ranar 27 ga Maris, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Taimakon Pence don farfadowa ba aikin ba ne." Politifact. Disamba 2, 2016; buga a kan layi.
Strathdee, S. da Stockman, J. "Ciwon cututtuka na kwayar cutar HIV Daga cikin Magunguna da masu amfani da kwayoyi masu ƙwayoyi masu ƙwayoyin cuta: Yanayin da ke faruwa a yanzu don ayyukan haɗin gwiwar." Rahoton HIV / AIDs na yanzu. Mayu 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Green, T .; Martin, E. Bowman, S .; et al. "Life Bayan Ban Banki: Wani Bayanan Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Amurka." Jaridar Amirka ta Lafiya ta Jama'a. Mayu 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yammacin New York. "Hanyoyin Cikakken Tsarin Harshe Sun Kashe Yanayi a Sabuwar Ciwon HIV. " Albany, New York; bayar da Maris 4, 2014.