Canja ya kasance game da ƙari fiye da kawai
ART ita ce maganin da aka saba amfani da shi a yau don bayyana HIV a tsararraki da tsabta. Kafin wannan, likitoci da masanin kimiyya za su yi amfani da kalmar CART (haɗuwa da maganin rigakafi), kuma kafin wannan lokacin da ake kira HAART an yi amfani dashi wajen bayyana "farfadowa mai magungunan maganin rigakafi."
Sauye-sauye a cikin shekaru suna nuna fiye da salon kawai, amma ƙoƙarin gaske na jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a don sake kwatanta irin yadda muke sadarwa da illar cutar HIV ga jama'a.
Ba zamu yi kokarin gwada masu amfani da cewa kwayoyi suna "aiki sosai" tun da sun kasance sun fi haka. A yau suna bada izini na al'ada, ingancin rayuwa, yayin da sababbin nau'in kwaya za su yi amfani da kalman "hade" duk mafi mahimmanci.
Fahimtar ART
Duk abin da aka yi amfani dashi, kalmar yana nuna amfani da kwayoyi uku ko fiye da kwayoyi , ko dai an ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan ko a cikin haɗuwa. Manufar farfadowa ita ce tabbatar da kawar da kwayar cutar ta HIV da ake kira "maras tabbas" matakan ma'anar cewa ba a kawar da kwayar cutar ba, amma yana ƙarƙashin samfurori ne kawai na gwajin gwaji.
Yayinda yake tsayayya da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ko magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, haɗuwa da ƙwayoyi guda uku ko fiye da haka sun san yadda za a iya kawar da kwayar cutar HIV wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin yawan bidiyo. Ainihin, idan magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba zai iya kare wani maye gurbi ba, wasu zasu iya yin haka.
Ana buƙatar matakan haɗin kai don su kula da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini. Idan waɗannan matakan sun fadi a ƙarƙashin ƙofar farfadowa, an ba damuwa matsaloli don dama . Yawancin mutanen nan masu rikitarwa, ƙananan maganin kwayoyi zasu kasance a kawar da maye gurbin kwayar cutar HIV - wanda zai haifar da ciwon rigakafi da maganin rashin lafiya .
Tun daga shekara ta 2009, kalmar CART ta fi girma da yawa daga cikin masu bincike da kuma likitoci. Yayinda sharuɗɗun sun kasance masu musayar ra'ayi, HAART an fi la'akari da cewa bai dace ba wajen kwatanta tasiri na hadewa.
Daga bisani, an yi la'akari da ART mafi dacewa, saboda yiwuwar haɗin haɗin zai canza a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Binciken na yau da kullum yana bincike akan amfani da kwayoyi guda biyu maimakon magunguna guda uku, irin su ripilvirine da dolutegravir, a cikin kula da cututtukan HIV.
Ƙungiyoyin ART
A halin yanzu akwai lokuta biyar na maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi , wanda kowannensu ya hana wani mataki na musamman a cikin mawuyacin kwayar cutar HIV :
- Shigar da masu hanawa
- Tsarin magungunan transcriptase baya
- Ƙananan maɓallin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta ba a tsakiya ba
- Haɗa masu hanawa
- Masu hana masu tsaro
Sauran nau'o'in antiretrovirals ana binciken su, yayin da sababbin kwayoyi sunyi kokarin inganta haɗin kai, rage cututtuka masu lalacewa da kuma sauƙaƙe dosing ga wadanda suke farfadowa.
Don haka, yawancin kwayoyi masu amfani da sinadarin gyaran kafa (FDC) suna samuwa yanzu, hada hada kwayoyi biyu ko fiye a cikin kwayar guda ko kwamfutar hannu. Wasu, ciki har da Atripla ((tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir) da kuma Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat) suna ba da cikakkiyar tsari don sauƙaƙe, yau da kullum.
Future na ART
Tare da cigaba da ci gaban kwayar cutar HIV, an yi amfani da ART a matsayin hanyar kawar da yawan kamuwa da cuta a yawancin kwayar cutar HIV. An nuna tsarin da ake kira Treatment as Prevention (TasP) don rage haɗarin cutar HIV ta hanyar kawar da kwayar cutar bidiyo. aiki zuwa matakan da ba a iya gani ba. A yin haka, haɗarin watsawa yana ragewa ta hanyar 96%.
Ta hanyar tabbatar da rarrabawar miyagun ƙwayoyi, ART za ta iya rage abin da ake kira "ƙwayar hoto mai ɗorewa ta al'umma" (ƙwaƙwalwar hoto ta tsakiya a cikin al'umma) zuwa matakan da ake iya watsawa yana da mahimmanci, ko ma zurfinta, rage.
Masana kimiyya na yanzu suna binciko cigaban cibiyoyin tsararru na tsawon lokaci , wasu daga cikinsu na iya buƙatar wata takarda ta miyagun ƙwayoyi ko wata.
Sources:
Delaney, M. "Tarihi na HAART - labarin gaskiya game da yadda aka inganta maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin cutar kanjamau." Retrovirology. Disamba 21, 2006; 3 (Sanya 1): S6.
Skarbinski, J. Furlow-Parmley, C .; da kuma Frazie, E. "Rahotanni na Ƙasa na Ƙididdigar yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV + da suka sami lafiyar likitoci, da aka tsara ART, da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Viral Cyber, 2009 zuwa 2010-Amurka." Taro na 19 a kan Magungunan Tsarin Kasuwanci da Hanyoyi (CROI); Seattle, Washington; Maris 8, 2013; maganganun na baka # 138.
Spreen, W; Margolis, D .; da Pottage, J. "Ayyukan antiretrovirals masu tsai da sauri don maganin cutar HIV da rigakafi." Rahotanni na yanzu akan HIV da AIDS. Nuwamba 2013; 8 (6): 565-571.