Kremlin Policies Policies Fuel a Cigaba da Cutar Guda
Rundunar Rasha, wadda ta kunshi kasashe 17, tana fama da annobar cutar HIV wadda ke fama da cutar a dukan yanki daga lafiyar jama'a da kuma tattalin arziki.
A geographically, Rasha kusan kusan sau biyu ne na Amurka tare da kasa da rabi na yawan (kusan 143 miliyan). Daga hangen nesa da cutar ta HIV, Rasha ta cika fuska ga Amurka a cikin sababbin cututtuka, da kuma mafi yawan maƙwabta a Yammacin Turai.
Yayinda yawancin masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau suka kamu da miliyan 1.1, wasu masana sunyi imanin cewa adadi zai iya kusa da miliyan uku. Idan wannan lamari ne, yaduwar kwayar cutar HIV a Rasha zai kusan sau bakwai ne na Amurka (wanda a halin yanzu yake da kashi 0.6 bisa dari).
Abin da muka sani a bisa hukuma shi ne cewa, bisa la'akari da labarun da aka yi na rukuni na Rasha, cutar ta fashe a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, karuwar kashi 250 cikin dari tun 2001.
Mutum mai yawan gaske
Yarda da annoba a cikin mahallin, wanda yana buƙatar nazarin Rasha daga ra'ayi game da yawan mutane masu hadari da kuma iyawarta don magance cutar HIV.
Daga wannan hangen nesa, Rasha ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen mata yayin haihuwa a baya bayan mutuwar. Jama'ar tsufa, tare da haɓaka yawan mutuwar maza da yawa saboda shan giya, cututtukan zuciya, da kuma HIV, sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da yawan yawan jama'a.
Wannan saɓo mummunan ana sa ran rage yawan al'ummar Rasha ta kashi 20 cikin dari ko fiye fiye da shekaru 50 masu zuwa.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, rahoton da Rasha ta yi game da annobar ta kasance ta raguwa, musamman a kan gagarumar yawan mutane. Inda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bada shawarar cewa kashi 90 cikin dari na yawan mutane masu hadarin gaske ( yin amfani da masu amfani da kwayoyi , maza da suka yi jima'i tare da maza , ma'aikata masu jima'i) sun sami gwajin HIV da shawara, yawancin rahotanni na rabi cewa.
Wannan shi ne mafi gaskiya a kasashe kamar Tajikistan (kashi 54), Kyrgyzstan (kashi 36), da Uzbekistan (kashi 29).
Tarihin HIV a Rasha
An fara haifar da cutar HIV a matsayin batun lafiyar jama'a a ƙarshen 1986. An fara binciken farko a cikin wani mutumin Rasha wanda ya kamu da cutar yayin da yake a Afirka. Daga nan sai ya yi zargin cewa yana dauke da kamuwa da cutar zuwa 15 sojan Soviet tare da wanda ya yi jima'i.
Saboda dokokin kare sirri ba su kasance a Jamhuriyyar Soviet ba, wadannan sunadaran sun kamu da su ta hanyar kafofin watsa labaru, wanda ya ba da dadi ga maza don yin rayuwa "rashin lafiya" wanda ya haifar da cutar. Gaskiyar cewa liwadi ba bisa doka ba (kuma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin dokar Dokar furofaganda na LGBT na LGBT) kawai ya yi amfani da shi don ya lalata maza da kuma cutar kanta.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, an kafa gwajin gwajin HIV a fadin Soviet Union, wanda aka yi sau da yawa ba tare da izini ba ko sanin wanda aka gwada. A shekarar 1991, kimanin mutane miliyan 142 an gwada su, wanda babu wani abu wanda ba a san shi ba.
An gwada gwaje-gwaje masu kyau tare da kokarin da aka yi don gano (kuma sau da yawa tallan) hanyar tafiya daga kamuwa da cuta daga mutum daya zuwa gaba.
A farkon shekarun 1990s sun ga cewa rikici na siyasa a Tarayyar Tarayyar Soviet, suna tura cutar HIV a cikin inuwa.
Kasashen waje na rigakafin cutar HIV, da zarar an fassara su zuwa harshen Rasha, ba za a iya samunsu ba a kasar. Taron yakin rigakafin jama'a bai wanzu ba a lokacin da mutane da yawa suka dauka cewa shekarun "yunkurin jima'i na Rasha". Tare da karuwa a cikin maganin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a ko'ina cikin yankin, cutar ta HIV da aka ƙwace shi ba ta da kariya, tare da cutar da ke yadawa kamar wuta ta hanyar harkar yankunan mafi nisa.
Tare da tashi daga sabuwar Jamhuriyar Rasha mai zaman kanta, hukumomin AIDs sun ba da umurni kadan a tsakanin shugabannin majalisa har ma da ƙasa da kudade. Rahoton rashin talauci tsakanin 'yan kungiyoyin HIV da suka wanzu sun haifar da rashin bayanai ga hukumomi da masu kulawa a ƙasa.
Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci a Rasha
Wannan annoba a Rasha ba sabanin abin da aka gani a Amurka da Yammacin Turai ba saboda yanayin da ake ciki. Yana janyo hankulan rikice-rikice a tsakiyar Asiya da Turai ta Yamma, inda cututtuka suna yadawa tare da hanyoyin haɗari na fataucin cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
A sakamakon hakan, kimanin kashi 40 na duk kamuwa da cuta shine daga masu amfani da kwayoyi (IDUs), tare da kimantawa da sanya jimillar a tsakanin mutane miliyan biyu da uku (ko kimanin kashi biyu zuwa uku cikin dari na al'ummar Rasha). A sakamakon ka'idodin Rasha sun haramta ikon mallakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira da shinge, ana rarraba rarraba waɗannan abubuwa kamar na kowa.
Ƙaddamar matsalar shine gaskiyar cewa, saboda yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana shan hukunci ta hanyar doka, masu amfani ba sau da yawa don samun damar tsarin kiwon lafiya har ma da kulawa na farko. Duk wadannan abubuwan da suka haɗa sun haifar da cutar HIV ta hanyar IDU na kimanin daya cikin hudu, 80 bisa dari na wadanda ke da shekaru 30.
Matsalar a cikin gidan kurkuku an yi imanin cewa ya fi girma, duka biyu ne sakamakon burin da aka raba da juna da kuma jima'i maras amfani tsakanin 'yan uwan. Halin yana da matukar wuya a tsakanin ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci (CSWs) , tare da penist ta tuki duka maza da mata CSWs daga gwadawa ko bi da su.
A halin yanzu, annoba tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i tare da maza (MSM) suna nuna alkaluman da ke cikin ƙasashe da dama ba tare da rashin aikin kiyayewa ba don samar da kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar a cikin wannan haɗari mai yawan gaske. A sakamakon haka, yawancin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta tsakanin gay da mazaje bisexual suna ganin an bar su, ba tare da karuwa a shirye-shiryen rigakafin MSM ba a cikin birane da dama.
Abin takaici shine samun damar yin amfani da maganin antiretroviral (ART) a cikin wadannan manyan mutane ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ragu sosai, musamman idan aka kwatanta da samuwa a wasu kungiyoyi da yankuna (ciki har da Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Rasha, Tajikistan, Ukraine, da Uzbekistan).
Hanyar da ke gaba
Ba kamar sauran yankunan da suka fi fama da rauni a Afirka ba, yawan sababbin cututtuka na HIV a Rasha ya ci gaba, yana tayar da matsalolin kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, ƙaddamar da shirin ART da sauran shirye-shiryen rigakafin HIV, musamman ga mutanen da ke da alaƙa, suna da fifiko mai muhimmanci.
Amma, har sai jagoran Rasha a karkashin Vladimir Putin yayi daidai da daidaita tattalin arziki, rashin lafiya na gina jiki, da kuma dokokin da ke hukunta wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, hanyar da ke gabansa yana da damuwa sosai.
Sources:
Shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya akan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). " Rahotanni na ranar AIDS kan cutar kanjamau ta UNAIDS. " Geneva, Switzerland; bayar da Disamba 1, 2012.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). "Rahoton Ci Gaban 2011: Gidajen HIV / AIDS a Duniya ." Geneva, Switzerland; bayar da Nuwamba 30, 2011.
UNAIDS. " Jamhuriyar Moldova rahoton cigaba game da cutar kanjamau ." An bayar da Disamba 1, 2014.