Taimakon gano Ma'anar cutar AIDS har yanzu an rufe shi cikin rikici
Tarihin kwayar cutar HIV tana da mahimmanci. A cikin farkon shekarun 1980, an san kadan game da cutar da ba a sani ba wanda ke kashe dubban mutane wanda sassan rigakafi suka raguwa, yana barin su zuwa ga tashe-tashen hankula masu rai.
Daya daga cikin masana kimiyya da aka dauka da gano dalilin cutar- cutar kwayar cutar mutum (HIV) - Robert Gallo wanda, tare da abokansa, ya wallafa bincike a Mujallar Kimiyya a farkon shekarar 1984.
Don haka me ya sa, a shekarar 2008, lokacin da aka ba da lambar yabo na Nobel ga likitoci na Faransa, Luc Montagnier da Françoise Barré-Sinouss na, Gallo bai hada da su ba?
Hanyar Farko da Bincike na HIV
An haifi Robert Charles Gallo a shekara ta 1937, bayan da ya kammala karatun likita a Jami'ar Chicago, ya zama mai bincike a Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, matsayin da ya yi shekaru 30. Gallo ya san cewa shawarar da ya yi don neman aiki a mai binciken bincike kan ciwon daji ya shawo kan mutuwar 'yar'uwarsa a farkon mutuwa.
Mafi yawan bincike na Gallo da Cibiyar ya mayar da hankali game da T-cell leukocytes , wani ɓangare na fararen jini wanda ke da mahimmanci ga amsawar cutar jikin mutum. Cibiyar bincike ta farko ta jagoranci Gallo da ƙungiyarsa don su girma tarin jikin T da kuma ware ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shafar su, ciki har da wanda ake kira T-cell cutar sankarar bargo (ko HTLV).
Lokacin da aka fara labarin labarin "gay cancer" a cikin Amurka a shekara ta 1982, Gallo da ƙungiya suka mayar da hankalinsu ga gano abin da suka yi imani da shi azaman kwayar cutar ne wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin T a marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya.
A lokaci guda Montagnier da abokinsa Barré-Sinoussi na Cibiyoyin Pasteur sun kuma bin abin da suka yi imani da cewa cutar ta hanyar cutar ta hanyar cutar AIDS (ta samu ciwon rashin lafiya) . Sakamakon bincike ya haifar da gano abin da suka kira kwayar lymphadenopathy masu cutar (LAV), wadda suka ce shine dalilin wannan cutar ta AIDS a shekara ta 1983.
A bangare su, Gallo da ƙungiya sun yi watsi da cutar da suka kira HTLV-3 kuma sun buga jerin kasidu guda hudu, suna mai da hankali sosai kamar yadda Montagnier da abokinsa Barré-Sinoussi suka yi.
Sai dai a 1986 ne kawai an tabbatar da cewa wadannan kwayoyin cutar-HTLV-3 da LAV-sun tabbatar da cutar guda daya, bayan haka an sake sa shi HIV.
Gudanar da Bayanin Co-Kai zuwa Ƙungiyar Nobel
A shekara ta 1986, an ba Gallo kyautar lambar Lasker mai girma don gano cutar HIV. Bambanci ya ɓacewa ta hanyar fassarar Gallo a cikin littafin nan kuma Randy Shilts da Bank ya bugawa kamfanin banki , da kuma fim na HBO na wannan sunan .
A shekara ta 1989, manema labarai mai suna John Crewdson ya wallafa wani labarin da ya nuna cewa Gallo bai yi la'akari da samfurin LAV daga Cibiyar Pasteur, wanda ake zarginsa daga bisani bayan binciken da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta NIH (NIH) ta yi.
A cewar rahoton NIH, Montagnier ya aika da samfurin samfurin daga marasa lafiya ga Cibiyar Cancer ta Kan Canjin Gallo. Unbeknownst ga Montagnier, an gurfanar da samfurin tare da wata kwayar cuta-irin guda ɗaya da kungiyar Faransa ta zaba a baya kamar LAV. An tabbatar da samfurin cutar don tabbatar da al'adun Gallo, wanda ya haifar da abin da ya fi rikitarwa a cikin tarihin cutar kanjamau.
A shekarar 1987 ne kawai aka dakatar da gardama, kuma duka Amurka da Faransa sun amince su raba kudaden daga haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka. Amma a wannan lokaci, duk da cewa labarin da aka yi a 2002 a cikin mujallar Kimiyya (wanda Gallo da Montagnier sun yarda da taimakon juna a binciken), ne kawai Montagnier da Barré-Sinoussi sun sami amincewa ta kwamitin koli na Nobel a shekarar 2008. .
Gasar Gallo ta ci gaba da tallafawa Cibiyar Nazarin AIDS
Duk da haka, gudunmawa da Gallo ya bayar wajen bincike kan cutar kanjamau ba shi da tabbacin. Bugu da ƙari da ganowar cutar HIV, Gallo ana ba da kyauta tare da samar da binciken da aka buƙaci don inganta ƙwayar cutar HIV.
A 1996, Gallo da abokan aikinsa sun kafa Cibiyar Harkokin 'Yan Adam, wanda aka bai wa kungiyar ta tallafin dala miliyan 15 daga asusun Bill & Melinda Gates domin bincikensa game da maganin rigakafi na HIV.
A shekara ta 2011, Gallo ya kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya tare da manufar haɓaka hadin kai tsakanin masu bincike na cutar da magance gaza a cikin bincike.
Sources:
Montagnier, L. "Tarihin tarihin tarihin cutar HIV." Kimiyya . Nuwamba 2002: 298 (5599): 1727-1728.
Gallo, R. "Tarihin tarihin farkon shekarun HIV / AIDS." Kimiyya . Nuwamba 2002: 298 (5599): 1728-1730.
Gallo, R. da Montagnier, L. "Tarihin Tarihi. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba." Kimiyya . Nuwamba 2002: 298 (5599): 1730-1. Doi: 10.1126 / scien ce.1079864. PMID 12459577.