Imani na ci gaba da fassara a ƙãra ƙwayoyin cutar HIV
Yayinda kwayoyin cutar ta HIV ke da wuya sabon abu, har zuwa farkon yakin da ake kira AIDS game da cutar kanjamau a farkon shekarun 1980, tasiri na waɗannan bangaskiya na ci gaba da rikita yawancin kokarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Bisa ga binciken binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013 da masu bincike a UCLA suka yi, kimanin daya daga cikin shekaru uku da suka kai shekaru 50 da haihuwa sunyi imani da ƙwaƙwalwar cutar HIV, wani nau'i ne wanda ya dace da binciken farko da daya daga cikin 'yan Afirka uku suka yarda cewa an halicci cutar HIV a cikin gidan gwamnati .
A hanyoyi da dama, waɗannan ba su da ban mamaki ba game da rashin amincewa da gwamnati na iya saukewa a yawancin al'umma. Dama da kuma rashin nasara ga hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a, ƙari da rashin amincewa da jama'a a gaba ɗaya (wanda rashin nuna bambanci da rashin daidaito na zamantakewa da ake gani a matsayin cikakkun) zai iya zama alamar waɗannan imani.
Sauran koyarwar da aka yi a kai a kai sun haɗa da:
- Tsayar da magani ko magani ta hanyar gwamnati.
- Ana amfani da kwayar cutar ta HIV don kashewa ko kashe mutanen da mutane ba su so ba.
- Mutane suna amfani da su azaman alade ta hanyar kamfanonin ƙwayoyi.
Duk da yake waɗannan imani ba dole ba ne ya dace da rage ƙwayar cutar HIV ko amfani da robaron roba , ba su da alama su tasiri sosai ga yawan adadin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Binciken daga Makarantar Kula da Makarantar Harvard ya nuna cewa wadanda ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar ta HIV sun kasance mafi kusantar samun daidaituwa fiye da wadanda ba su yi ba.
A cikin rahotonsu, masu binciken sun kammala:
"Rashin ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cutar HIV (HIV) da aka samu a cikin wannan da sauran nazarin ... ba za a iya watsar da shi ba kamar yadda ya fi dacewa ko matsananciyar irin wadannan maganganu na iya taimakawa wajen rage zaman rayuwa (da kuma rashin daidaituwa) ta hanyar hana halayen maganin dacewa."
Samun maganganun HIV ba tare da izini ba, ya kara matsalolin kokarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar tabbatar da tuhumar wadanda aka riga sunyi shakka. Yawanci daga cikin wadannan zane-zane da ke tattare da ƙananan ƙananan al'umma (irin wannan "Dalilin da ya Sa Mutanen Bazai Zama Gyara Cutar HIV" ba da Curtis Cost), yayin da wasu (kamar Bryan Fischer na Ƙungiyar Iyali ta Amirka) sun yi amfani da dandamali mai mahimmanci na watsa labarai don ci gaba dogaro da rashin amincewar imani.
Tushen Sharuɗɗan Tattaunawar HIV
Ka'idodin sahihanci ba su da alaka da tsoro da shakku game da kwayar cutar kanjamau amma yawancin lokuta da rashin amincewar mutane da dama suna jin dadin gwamnati da kuma kiwon lafiya a general.
Bisa ga binciken da aka buga a Journal of the American Medical Association Cosmetic Medicine , kashi 49 cikin 100 na 'yan Amirka 1,351 suka yi la'akari da cewa kwayar cutar HIV ta kasance wani shiri ne na haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗa da Hukumar Kula da Intanet ta Amurka (CIA). Binciken, wanda yake kallon maganganun da suka shafi maganin HIV da sauran cututtuka, ya kasance wani ɓangare na nazarin kan layi daga Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013.
An tsara nauyin mahalarta mafi kyau wakiltar jama'ar Amurka ta hanyar tsufa, kabilu, samun kudin shiga, da jinsi, yayin da sakamakon ya kasance daidai don sanin yadda kuma duk wani bangaskiyar ya shafi halin lafiyar mutum.
Daga cikin binciken:
- 49 bisa dari ko dai sun yi imani da gaske ko yin tambaya ko CIA ta kamu da ƙwayar da dama daga cikin jama'ar Afirka ta hanyar maganin rigakafin cutar hepatitis.
- 60 bisa dari ko dai sun yi imani ko su tambayi ko gwamnati ta san cewa wayar salula ta haifar da ciwon daji, amma ba ya yin kome game da shi.
- 56 bisa dari ko dai sunyi imani da gaske ko sun tambayi ko gwamnati da magungunan kiwon lafiya suna ɓoye gaskiyar cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar yara yana haifar da autism da sauran cututtuka.
- 58 bisa dari ko dai sun yi imani da gaske ko kuma sun tambayi ko yaduwar rarraba kayan abinci na duniya shi ne ɓangare na ƙulla yarjejeniya ta duniya don hana yawan mutanen duniya.
- 68 bisa dari ko dai sunyi imani da gaske ko yin tambaya ko Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amurka (FDA) ta hana kariya ta hankalin maganin cutar HIV , ciwon daji da sauran cututtuka saboda matsa lamba daga kamfanonin magani.
- Kashi 53 ko dai sunyi imani da gaske ko yin tambaya ko shinwar ruwa ta zama hanya ce kawai ta zubar da samfurori na phosphate a cikin yanayi.
Yayinda wasu za su yi shelar wadannan makirciyar rikice-rikice, tasirin waɗannan imani akan halin lafiyar mutum zai iya zama mai tsanani ko ma hadari.
Bisa ga binciken, mutanen da suka goyi bayan ka'idodin makirci suna da sau bakwai mafi dacewa don amfani da magungunan maganin magunguna fiye da mutanen da ke cikin jama'a. Hakazalika, ƙwararrun mutane guda uku kawai suna samun gwajin jiki na shekara-shekara idan aka kwatanta da kimanin rabin manya na Amurka. Sun kasance maƙila su yi amfani da shimfiɗar rana kuma suna guje wa shan ƙwacewar shekara-shekara (wani abin da ya ɗauka yana da muhimmanci ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV).
Yayin da rahoto bai yada kwayoyin cutar HIV ba don gwajin HIV ko magani, wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa wadannan bangaskiya na iya zama wani ɓangare na dalilin da ya sa kashi 20 cikin dari na Amurkawa marasa lafiya da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ba su da tasiri kuma kawai kashi 25 cikin dari na wadanda aka bincikar su ne iya cimma burin maganin hoto mai ban dariya , dauke da ma'auni na nasara.
HIV kamar "azabar Allah"
Baya ga fitowar gwajin da magani, mutane da yawa a cikin sashen kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun damu cewa rikice-rikicen addinai zasu taimakawa wajen cutar HIV a cikin al'ummomi da yawa. Wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Addinai (PRRI) ta gudanar ya nuna cewa wasu cibiyoyin ikkilisiya na iya zama masu wuya.
Bisa ga rahoton, kashi 17 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka sun yi imanin cewa cutar HIV "hukuncin Allah" ne ga halin lalata, kuma a cikin wasu abubuwa, yawancin kamuwa da cuta tsakanin maza da mata da ke da ita (MSM) .
Binciken ya kara bayyana cewa mutane da ke da alaƙa da wasu kungiyoyin Ikilisiya sun fi ɗaukar waɗannan imani fiye da sauran. A gaskiya, kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari na Furotesta masu bisharar Ikklesiyoyin bishara da kashi 20 cikin 100 na Furotesta masu fata sun tallafa wa waɗannan ƙidodin, tare da kashi 21 cikin 100 na Katolika na Hispanic. Ya bambanta, kawai kashi bakwai cikin 100 na fararen Katolika da kuma kashi 10 cikin dari na Furotesta masu launi na yau da kullum sun raba wannan ra'ayi, idan aka kwatanta da kashi takwas cikin wadanda basu da wata alaka da kowane addini.
Duk da wadannan siffofin, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa irin waɗannan imani ba su da yawa fiye da yadda suka dawo a shekarar 1992 lokacin da kashi 36 cikin dari na jama'ar Amirka suka gaskata cewa kwayar cutar HIV ba kome ba ne sai dai wani hukunci na Allah.
Amma addini, ga alama, kawai ɓangare na hoton. Bisa ga binciken, rashin rarraba wasu daga cikin addinan addinan da suka fi sauƙi ya yi kadan don kawar da rashin amincewa da jama'a game da cutar HIV a general. A gaskiya ma, kashi 65 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka sun yi imanin cewa cutar ta HIV ta haifar da mummunan rashin yin jima'i, yayin da kashi 25 cikin 100 ba su da laifi ga cutar HIV.
Abin da zai iya zama mafi mamaki ga wasu shine gaskiyar cewa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, inda yawan kwayar cutar HIV ya fi sau 1,000 a fiye da Amurka, irin wadannan bangaskiya na da yawa. A hakikanin gaskiya, kashi 41 cikin 100 na waɗanda aka nema sunyi imani cewa cutar HIV ne sakamakon mummunan hali, yayin da 48% sun yi imanin cewa babu wanda ke zargi da cutar HIV.
Sources:
Hyundai, C; Wallace, S .; Newman, P .; et al. "Gaskantawa da ka'idodin ƙulla yarjejeniyar cutar kanjamau da kuma rashin amincewar gwamnati: dangantaka da gwajin cutar HIV a tsakanin tsofaffi tsofaffi." Gerontologist. Disamba 2013; 53 (6): 973-984.
Bogart, L .; Galvan, F. Wagner, G; et al. "Ƙungiyar Zaman Lafiyar Kwayoyin Cutar HIV da Rashin Jima'i tsakanin Mazan Ƙarshe Suna zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV." Kwayar cutar AIDS. Agusta 2011; 15 (6): 1180-1186.
Bogart, L .; Galvan, F. Wagner, G; et al. "Tambayoyi na Kira game da kwayar cutar HIV suna da alaka da maganin cutar marasa lafiya. Rajistar Jirgin Ƙunƙasar Ƙaƙwalwar Lalacewa. Afrilu 2010; 53 (5): 648-655.
Oliver, J. da Wood, T. "Ka'idojin Harkokin Kasuwancin Lafiya da Lafiya a {asar Amirka." JAMA Hoto Ciki. Mayu 2014; 174 (5): 817-818.
Cibiyar Nazarin Addinan Jama'a (PRRI). "Rubuce-rubucen • Gidawar Juyawa: Saurin Shekaru na Canji a Harkokin Abubuwa na Amirka game da Yin Ma'aurata da LGBT." Washington, DC; Fabrairu 26, 2014.