Tsibirin da aka ba da kyauta ya taimaka wa jaririn Gay Stigma a dukan duniya
Daga kwanakin farko na cutar AIDS , mutane masu yawan gaske sun kasance masu rikici a yaduwar cutar zuwa ga yawan jama'ar Amurka. Wannan rahotanni ya kara karfafawa ne a shekarar 1984 cewa an bawa Gaëtan Dugas mai ba da agajin jirgin sama na ƙasar Faransa da cutar "Siriya mai haƙuri".
Duk da yake shaidu a cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce ya nuna rashin fahimtar cewa Dugas shine tushen asalin Arewacin Amirka, amma a shekarar 2016 kawai wata ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar halitta ta ba da tabbaci.
Wata ƙungiyar bincike daga Jami'ar Arizona ta gudanar da samarda fiye da 2,000 samfurori na samfurori da aka tattara daga mazaunan gay a San Francisco a shekarun 1970s. Sakamakon su ya ba da wata kafa ta kwayar cuta kamar yadda ya yada cikin wannan yawan maza , canzawa da mutating kamar yadda aka wuce daga mutum daya zuwa gaba.
Masu bincike sun iya cewa akwai yiwuwar cutar ta tashi daga Caribbean da kyau kafin Dugas ya kamu da cutar. Har ila yau, sun nuna cewa cutar da aka samu a cikin jini yana da matukar bambancin yanayi idan aka kwatanta da samfurori da wasu daga cikin mazaunin suka yi.
Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Dugas ya kamu da kwayar cutar da aka yi wa jama'a a wani lokaci. Idan Duga ya kasance tushen asibiti, cutarsa ba ta kasance da tsarin kwayar cutar ba tukuna.
Ta yaya Hanyoyin Jumma'a (da kuma Typo) suka kirkiro Maganar "Tsarin Tsai"
A lokacin da aka fara fara watsa labaran "Siriya", mutane sun ji tsoron cutar.
Ba wai kawai mutane sunzo da gaskiyar cewa "gay cancer" yanzu ana gani a sauran al'ummomi, sun fuskanci rahotanni kusan kowace rana wanda ya hada da cutar zuwa ga maza da mata kawai ba amma ga sauran kungiyoyi masu lalata, irin su Haitian baƙi da kuma yin amfani da masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi .
Sakamakon yaduwar kamuwa da cuta ya karu, tare da ra'ayi na jama'a ya raba tsakanin wadanda "marasa laifi" wadanda ke fama da cutar HIV (yara, hemophiliacs) da waɗanda basu kasance ba.
Dangane da wannan zamantakewar al'umma, ta yi rahoton cewa an tabbatar da cewa wani mutum mai suna gay ya tabbatar da cewa "tushen cutar AIDS" ya ba da labari cewa mutane da yawa suna da sha'awar rungumi.
Abin da ya sa tarihin ya zama mafi banƙyama shi ne gaskiyar cewa babu ainihin abin da ya shafi kimiyya; an dogara ne a kan typo.
A shekara ta 1984, lokacin da jami'an da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Amurka suka fara farautar mahaɗin mazauna mata 40 wadanda aka tabbatar da cewa suna dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, an bayyana Dugas a matsayin "mai haƙuri O," tare da harafin "O" kawai yana nuna "(daga) Out (gefen California)
Duk da haka, a lokacin da aka kwashe sakon, Dugas 'sunan ya kasance a tsakiyar ɓangaren cututtuka. Wannan ya haifar da kuskuren rubutu wanda aka nuna Dugas a matsayin "haƙuri 0" (zero), kuma ba "haƙuri O" kamar yadda aka yi nufi ba.
An yi amfani da falsafa daga kuskure ne tare da sakin littafin da Randy Shilts ya buga ta, wanda ya sake labarin cutar AIDS ta farko kuma ya nuna Dugas a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa na jima'i amma yana da farin cikin yada cutar:
"Club Baths, San Francisco, Nuwamba 1982 ... Lokacin da kuka yi makoki, sai saurayi ya yi ta harbi don cigaba. Gaëtan Dugas ya isa ga fitilu, yana mai da hankali sosai don idon abokinsa zai sami lokaci Daidaitawa sai ya yi tunani a kan kullun da ake yi a kan kirjinsa: "Ciwon daji," in ji shi, kamar dai yana magana ne da kansa: "Watakila za ku samu."
Shilts ya ci gaba da fadada cewa Dugas "ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen watsa sabon kwayar cuta daga wannan gefen Amurka zuwa wancan."
Kyautattun yabo da aka samu don duka littafin da fim din ne kawai ya karfafa Dugas a matsayin mawuyacin halin da ake ciki a rikicin, yayin da ya sa laifin cin zarafi ga mazaunin gayayyaki. A cikin nazarin littafin nan, jarrabawar National Review ta dauka Dugas "Columbus na AIDS," yayin da New York Post ta tafi har zuwa bayyana shi "The Man Who Give Us AIDS."
A lokuta biyu, kafofin watsa labaru sun nuna "halin da ke ciki" na mazaunin gay kamar yadda Shilts ya bayyana (wanda shi kansa ya bayyana kansa a kan cutar ta HIV ba da daɗewa ba kafin mutuwarsa a 1994).
Damawar Tsayawa na Tarihin "Siriyar Tsaro"
Don haka karfi da aka yi na "Siriya" ya karbi cewa an sami tasiri sosai fiye da iyakokin Amurka. A wasu sassan Afirka, inda mawuyacin ƙwayar cuta da mawuyacin hali sunyi tsawo, "Tsaro mai haƙuri" ya dade yana amfani dashi don zargi da kuma azabtar da 'yan luwadi don annobar cutar.
Kamar yadda kwanan nan 2011, Dokta Sam Okuonzi na kwamitin kula da Lafiya ta Uganda ya bayyana cewa, "wanda aka fara kira gaetan Dugus (sic) ... wanda ake kira" Tsaro mai haƙuri "ya kasance shaida cewa cutar HIV ta yada daga Amurka zuwa Afirka saboda sakamakon ɗan kishili jima'i. Okuonzi, mai gabatar da kara game da dokokin haramtacciyar kasar Uganda, ta rigaya ta bayyana cewa liwadi "abu ne maras kyau" wanda ya dace da ɗaurin kurkuku har ma da mutuwa.
Irin wannan zanga-zangar da aka yi a Zimbabwe, lokacin da ministan lafiya a shekara ta 2015 David Parirenyatwa ya jaddada cewa liwadi yana haifar da kashi 28 cikin 100 na kamuwa da cuta a gidajen kurkukun, duk da rashin karɓar kwakwalwa don kare lafiyarsu.
Har ma a Amurka, sanya laifin ya haifar da nuna rashin amincewarsu, ciki har da imani da aka dade da cewa mazaje bisexual suna aiki ne a matsayin "gada na kamuwa da cuta" ga 'yan mata namiji. Duk da yake an ba da hujjoji da sauran labaru, suna ci gaba da ba da hujjoji game da jima'i na jima'i kamar yadda ta kasance marar tsarki, rashin fahimta, ko kuma rashin cin mutunci.
Tashin hankali da lalata suna ci gaba da sanar da ra'ayin jama'a game da cutar HIV. Gaskiyar cewa Amurka kawai ta canza karfinta na gay a shekara ta 2016 ya nuna cewa ko da kimiyya ba za a iya kaucewa ta hanyar tsoratar da ba tare da damu ba da kuma ci gaba da maganganu marasa kyau a "sha'awar lafiyar jama'a." Irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun kara shaidar shaida kan cutar HIV , suna kwashe kusan kashi 20 cikin dari na maza masu haɗari da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV daga yin jarrabawa da lissafi don yawan ƙwayar cutar da ke ci gaba da cutar da mazaunin gay ( musamman gay men of launi) .
Ko dai gawar Gaëtan Dugas zai canza wannan tunanin ba daidai ba ne. Abin da yake bayyane shi ne cewa tsoratar da "Shunan Tsaro" yana kasancewa wani abin tunawa na duhu game da yadda ake nuna bambancin ra'ayi da kamuwa da cuta, ya kafa wadanda "sun kasance suna zuwa" don tabbatar da rashin aiki na gwamnati ko kuma mu a matsayinmu na mutane.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "HIV daga cikin maza a Amurka." Atlanta, Jojiya.
Henry, W. "The Saaling Saga of Zama Zama." Lokaci. An buga Oktoba 19, 1987.
> The Independent (Kampala). "Uganda: Asalin HIV - Labari da Gaskiya." An buga Yuli 9, 2011.
> Mochone, T. "Ministan: Husacin jima'i Fueling HIV infections a Zimbabwe Kurkuku." Muryar Afirka; An wallafa Agusta 14, 2015.
> Worobey, M .; Watts, T. McKay, R .; et al. "Shekarun 1970 da Ciwon Siriya HIV-1 Genome na inganta hasken cutar HIV / AIDs a Amurka." Yanayi. Satumba 2016; DOI: 10.1038 / nature19827.