PMNs: Family of Blood Cells
Mene ne Su?
Laukocytes na Polymorphonuclear, ko PMNs, su ne na musamman na iyalin jini. Iyali ya haɗa da kwayoyin halittar da aka sani da neutrophils, eosinophils da basophils. Neutrophils, basophils da eosinophils duk PMNs da za a iya samu a cikin jini. A cikin sakamakon gwajin jini na al'ada, duk da haka, mafi yawan PMN na nesa shine neutrophil.
Mene ne P ko m M orpho N nuclear nufi?
Baya ga PMNs game da ƙungiyar masu suna, kalmar kuma tana nufin bayyanar su. Poly + morph yana da alaka da "siffofi daban-daban" kuma makaman nukiliya na nufin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na PMNs, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi kuma an duba shi a ƙarƙashin microscope. PMNs an san su ne saboda nau'in siffofi na siffofi da abin da zasu iya ɗauka. Kwayoyin jini na jini na LPN suna da rabuwa na rabuwa don haka maimakon yin kama da kyau, zagaye a cikin sashi, suna iya samun suna biyu ko uku lobes. Wadannan lobed nuclei suna haifar da siffar "furen furen", saboda haka yana da yawa tare da wasu nau'in tantanin halitta, don zama a hankali bace-maimakon haka, tantanin halitta yana kama da kwai wanda yake da gwangwani a yayin da aka dafa shi.
Shin PMNs Granulocytes?
Ee. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙwayoyi masu ban sha'awa, PMNs yana da granules da za a iya gani ta amfani da dyes da stains; Guraben suna kamar kananan ruwa a cikin tantanin halitta, kuma suna ba da PMNs su bayyanar hatsi.
Saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran PMNs akai-akai "granular leukocytes" ko granulocytes. Abin da ke ciki cikin granules ya dogara ne da abin da kake magana game da PMNs. A cikin lokuttan neutrophils, granules suna dauke da enzymes da abubuwa tare da kayan antimicrobial cewa, idan aka saki, taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta.
Daga ina PMNs zo daga?
PMNs da wasu nau'ukan jini na jini, da jini mai launin jini, da kuma dukkan abin da ke tattare da shi daga cikin kwayoyin halitta mai suna Hematopoietic a cikin kututture. Daga cikin kwayoyin halitta mai suna Hematopoiet, kwayoyin jini sun bambanta tare da manyan biyu, hanyoyi daban-daban: lymphoid cell line wanda ya zama lymphocytes, da kuma cell cell myeloid , wanda ya haifar da nau'ikan PMNs, baya ga sauran jini.
Ina Suke Sami?
PMNs ne kwayoyin jinin jini wanda za'a iya samu a cikin jini. Duk da haka, jinin jini sau da yawa sukan iya bin alamun sinadaran, ƙaura zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin jiki inda aka buƙaci, zaku iya samun PNNs a wasu sassan, kamar a shafukan kamuwa da cuta ko ƙumburi.
Shin duka suna aiki a hanya guda?
A'a, kowane nau'i na jini mai launin jini na PMN daban-daban yana da nauyin raguwa daban-daban a cikin lafiyar da cututtuka, kuma zasu iya shiga cikin matakai daban-daban a cikin tsarin na rigakafi, ko da yake akwai wasu fyaucewa. Kamar dai yadda dukkanin kwayoyin jini ke nan, irin wannan PMN wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen rigakafi da kuma fadacewar kamuwa da cuta, a wasu lokuta, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin mawuyacin cututtuka ko maganganu masu banƙyama, irin su allergies da kuma matsala mai tsanani.
MENE NE YA YI YI?
Idan yazo ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji, masu tsauraran kwayoyi su ne PMN mafi muhimmanci a yakin fama da kamuwa da cuta. A gaskiya ma, su ne mafi mahimmancin kamuwa da cuta-yakin WBC, lokacin, a cewar Cibiyar Cancer na Amirka. Don samun kyakkyawan hankali game da ƙimar kuɗin neutrophil, likitoci sunyi amfani da jujjuya da ake kira ƙimar neutrophil, ko ANC. Mutumin mai lafiya yana da ANC tsakanin 2,500 da 6,000.
Ayyukan neutrophils da sauran PMNs an bayyana su a kasa:
- Neutrophils - Neutrophils ne gaba na kare da kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma cututtukan fungal, kuma su ne farkon bayyana a wurin. Idan akwai rauni na nama, abubuwa da ake kira 'yan kwayoyin halitta suna saki wanda ke jawo hankalin tsaka-tsaki.
- Eosinophils - Eosinophils suna aiki a cikin rashin lafiyan halayen kuma har ma da cututtuka na parasitic irin su infestations na worm. Babban matakan eosinophils a cikin jini zai iya haifar da wasu yanayi, kuma, kamar maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
- Basophils - Basophils suna cikin abubuwan rashin lafiyar jiki , kuma suna ɓoye histamine da sauran mahaukaci wanda zai haifar da kumburi kuma ya hana jini daga clotting. Basophils sune kwayoyin mast da suka dace da jini, wadanda suke da nau'in nau'in nama (Basophils suna cikin jini, kwayoyin mast suna cikin kyallen takarda).
Sugar Mast a Tissues:
- Kwayoyin mastuna - A cikin kyallen takarda, kwayoyin mastuna suna da muhimmiyar rawa a yanayin yanayi na numfashi da narkewa . Kwayoyin mast sun kasance a cikin manyan manyan subtypes: nama na haɗi da kuma mucosal. Dukansu subtypes na iya sakin granules da aka rigaya. Yankunan mucosal suna da alaƙa, irin su murfin hanji, ko kuma rufin ƙananan hanyoyi. Nau'in haɗuwa yana da zurfi fiye da waɗannan linings kuma a wasu sassan, da. A cikin duka subtypes, ana iya kunna sassan mast da kuma rage su, ko kuma su rage yawan nauyin ma'aunin su. Abubuwa a cikin ma'aunin su suna aiki a matsayin siginar salula kuma suna aiki tare da sauran kwayoyin rigakafi.
Ƙari akan PMNs da Immunity
PMNs suna cikin ɓangare na marasa tsari na marasa tsari. Abin da ake nufi shi ne cewa suna bi da dukan masu shiga cikin irin wannan salon. Kalmar mahallin yana nufin cewa wannan tsarin yana samuwa daga haihuwa - kwayoyin ba sa bukatar su koyi fahimtar masu mamayewa. Sun gane su daga wurin tafi.
Wannan ya bambanta da tsarin tsarin da ba a samu ba. A cikin tsarin da ba'a samu ba, ƙwayoyin magungunan za su iya koyon ganewa da mahaukaci kuma suyi wani amsa ba tare da batawa ba. Amsar ya kasance mai saukin ganewa da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da kwayoyin halittar da aka sani da lymphocytes na B da T, da kuma kwayoyin halittu na antigen, ko APCs, wanda ke kwarewa wajen faɗakar da lymphocytes a gaban kasancewar antigen na waje.
Yanayi da ke tattare da Matsanancin Matsayin PMNs
- Babban matakan tsauraran jini a mafi yawan jini sukan haifar da cututtuka, kamar yadda ake kira wadannan kwayoyin don kare jiki.
- Lokacin da jiki ba shi da isasshen tsaka-tsaki, wannan zai iya daidaita tare da hadarin mutum na bunkasa kamuwa da cuta. Wasu cututtuka na ciwon daji na iya haifar da matakan tsauraran matsala, sakamakon abin da ake kira neutropenia. A cikin kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta kwayar cutar ta jiki, masu kula da kiwon lafiya sun kariya daga hadarin kamuwa da cuta a hanyoyi daban-daban.
- An zarce nauyin eosinophils da eosinophilia , kuma sau da yawa yakan sa ta hanyar rashin lafiyar, halayen miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko cututtuka tare da kwayoyin cuta, da kuma rashin yawan ciwon daji da sauran yanayi. Rashin rashi a cikin wadannan kwayoyin ba abu ba ne.
- An wuce hadarin basophils zai iya faruwa tare da hypothyroidism da kuma wasu cututtukan jini. Sauran cututtukan da suka danganci ƙananan basophil sun hada da kwayar Crohn da cututtukan ulcerative colitis-duka biyu ana dauke su da ciwo mai karfin zuciya.
Sources:
Kurashima Y, Kiyono H. Sabuwar zamanin ganyayyun mast na mucosal: matsayinsu a cikin kumburi, rashin lafiyar matsala da kuma ci gaban adjuvant. Gwaji & magani na kwayoyin halitta (2014) 46, e83.
Ƙungiyar Kanada Kanada. Anatomy da physiology na jini. Samun shiga 02/24/16. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/anatomy-and-physiology/?region=on
Williams, L. "Binciken Mafi Girma game da Hematopoiesis da Immunology: Abubuwan da ke faruwa ga masu sauraro masu satar kwayoyin Hematopoietic" a cikin Ezzone, S. (2004) Harshen Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Jagorancin Nursing Society: Pittsburgh, PA (pp.1- 12)