Ƙwayoyin Blood da Fatar Aiki Ta Tashi Daga Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis (mai suna heem-at-oh-po-EE-sus) shine tsarin da aka gina dukkanin jinin jininka, da girma da kuma girma a cikin nau'in balagaginsu na ƙarshe. Kalmar tana nufin hanyoyi ko waƙoƙi na ci gaban jini, farawa da abin da ake sani da tantanin tantanin kwayar hematopoietic , ta hanyar jerin matakai don isa samfurin karshe - wani jini mai girma, ko jini ne mai launin jini, mai farin cell jini kamar lymphocyte, ko wasu irin jini.
Sauran ka'idodin wannan tsarin jini sun hada da hematogenesis, hemogenesis, da hemopoiesis.
Shafuka na samar da jini yana dogara ne akan ko kuna magana game da jariri har yanzu a cikin mahaifiyarta, ko daga bisani a lokacin yarinyar da kuma a lokacin girma. Wato, a cikin utero, yarinya mai tasowa yana amfani da wasu wurare daban-daban a cikin jiki don hematopoiesis, ciki har da hanta, yalwata, thymus, lymph nodes, kazalika da kasusuwa. Bayan haihuwar, babban shafin da hematopoiesis ke cikin kasusuwa.
Hanyoyin ƙwayar cutar hematopoiesis shine samuwar jini a shafukan yanar gizo ba tare da kasusuwa ba. Kuma yayinda yake hematopoiesis ya zama cikakke ga jariri a cikin mahaifa, da zarar an haifi mutum, yana da wata alamar cutar ko alamar cewa ɓarwar kasusuwa bata iya samar da cikakken jinin jinin jiki don biyan bukatun.
Menene Hematopoietic?
Kuna iya zuwa kalman hematopoiesis, ko kuma mai suna hematopoietic, a wasu al'amuran daban-daban:
- Hanyoyin da ke cikin kwayar halitta mai suna Hematopoietic, wanda ake kira raguwa na kasusuwa ko ƙaddara suturar kwayar halitta, ya shafi shan jinsin da aka ba da kyauta kuma ya ba da su ga mai karɓa, domin mai karɓa zai iya yin sabon jini, jini da jini, jinin jini.
- Cutar rashin lafiya na Hematopoiet yana nufin ciwon daji na jikin jini. Harkokin mallaka na Hematopoietics sun hada da cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, da myeloma .
- Heopopoietic neoplasm yana dauke da nau'in cuta na jini, wasu daga cikinsu akwai yanayin da kake ciki tare, kuma wasu sun fi dacewa su cigaba tare da matsaloli mai tsanani da kuma rage rayuwa.
- Harshen kwayoyin halitta Hematopoietic ko layin salula yana nufin alamu da dama, ko rassan cikin "gidan iyali na jini," wanda wani kwayar halitta ya haifar da shi a cikin tsofaffi marar girma.
Bayani
Jirgin jini yana dauke da haɗin sel, samfurori, da ruwaye. Jikunanmu suna samar da kwayar jini kamar yadda muka kasance a ciki har zuwa tsufa. Miliyoyin kwayoyin jini suna maye gurbin kowace rana yayin da suke rayuwa a jikin su. Daban-daban iri daban-daban suna da rayuwa daban-daban, kuma a cikin marasa lafiya, jinin jini yana rayuwa kimanin 100 zuwa 120 days kafin su bukaci maye gurbin su.
Akwai fiye da nau'i iri iri na jini, kowannensu yana yin aikin kansa. Kodayake kwayoyin jinin jan da fari zasu iya kawo karshen a wurare daban-daban a cikin jiki, samarwa yana farawa a cikin kututture.
A cikin Bone Marrow
A cikin rami na wasu ƙasusuwa, akwai nau'in mai laushi, ciki har da kwayoyin sifofin hematopoietic, kuma ana kiransa sel kwayoyin hematopoietic, wanda ke haifar da dukkanin kwayoyin jini.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin halitta sun kasance "marasa lafiya" domin su ci gaba da haifar da kwayoyin jikinsu ko wane irin nau'in da ake buƙata, irin su kudan zuma na qwai qwai, amma wasu kwayoyin sifofin sun fara aiwatar da aikatawa, su zama "zuriya" ko " "na sassan layi daban-daban . Lissafi na layi / layi za a iya dauka a matsayin bangarori daban-daban na gidan dangin jini.
Kwayoyin jini suna yin ɓangarorin biyu na bishiyar iyali:
- Ƙafafen ƙwayar lymph yana da sauƙin tunawa domin yana haifar da jinin kukan da ake kira lycy-ocytes. Ana iya ƙididdige Lymphocytes a matsayin ƙwayoyin T, sel na B, da Kwayoyin halitta masu kisa.
- Yankin myeloid na iyali shine mafi yawan hodgepodge. Kuna da jinin jininku, wanda ake kira erythrocytes, kazalika da kayan jinin jininka, waxanda suke da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira megakaryocytes. Amma bayan haka, ban da jinin jinin ka da kuma platelets, har ila yau kana da dukkanin jinin jinin da ke fitowa daga zuriyarsa: neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, da basophils duk kullun jini ne wanda ke fitowa daga zuriyarsa.
- A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, wani ɓangare na farkon girma da maturation na yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan cell ɗin suna faruwa a cikin kututture. T-kwayoyin halitta suna tasowa a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa amma suna motsawa zuwa thymus zuwa girma .
A cikin Jiki, Fluids, da Tissues
Da zarar girma da girma, jinin jinin yana cikin jini. Za a iya samun jini na jini a cikin jini, amma za su iya kasancewa da yawa a wasu shafuka. Alal misali, lymphocytes sunfi yawa kuma suna da yawa a cikin tsarin lymphatic fiye da jini.
- Kwayoyin jinin jini (leukocytes): Wadannan sun hada da lymphocytes, monocytes da kwayoyin fata na polymorphonuclear wadanda ke ba jikin mu kariya daga kamuwa da cuta. Kwayoyin jini sune ginshiƙan sassan jikinmu wanda ke taimakawa wajen halakar da mamaye ta hanyar amfani da wasu hanyoyi, ciki har da samar da kwayoyin cutar da suka dace da mahaukaci. Matsaloli tare da jinin jini zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.
- Kwayoyin jinin jini (erythrocytes): Wadannan kwayoyin sun ƙunshi haemoglobin wanda ya ba da jini da launi mai laushi kuma yana dauke da oxygen zuwa sel da kyallen takalma a jikinka. Rashin ƙananan jini zai iya haifar da anemia, tare da bayyanar cututtuka irin su gajiya, rauni, da rashin haƙuri ga motsa jiki.
- Platelets: Megakaryocytes a cikin kututtukan launuka sune kwayoyin "dodanni" (sun kasance babba idan aka kwatanta da wasu) wanda ke samar da kwakwalwan kwayoyin halitta (plalets) wanda zai taimaka wajen zubar da jini bayan rauni. Tashin hankali na Platelet zai iya haifar da zubar da ciki da damuwa tare da zub da jini.
Daga Bone Marrow zuwa Bloodstream
Idan HSC yayi aiki don samar da kwayar jini mai ƙazanta, zai zama da yawa (yawanci biyar ko fiye) bayan rabu da tantanin halitta. Kowace lokacin tantanin halitta ya rabu, yana daukan ƙarin abubuwa da yawa na tantanin halitta wanda zai zama. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama ya bambanta ko na musamman.
Yada jiki don samar da sabon jini - wani nau'in hematopoiesis artificial - zai iya taimakawa a wasu yanayi. Alal misali, wani lokacin maƙarƙashiya na kasusuwa yana motsawa kafin ci gaba da shirin ciwon ciwon daji lokacin da ake sa ran maye gurbin sassan jikin jini a cikin karfin.
Lokacin da kwayoyin Hematopoiet Go Astray
Kamar kowane kwayar halitta, HSCs na iya shawowa wanda zai haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙananan kwayoyin halitta fiye da kwayoyin lafiya. Dangane da irin mataki na bambancin tantanin tantanin halitta yana cikin lokacin da yake canza wannan canji, zai haifar da nau'i daban-daban: cututtuka na myeloproliferative, leukemias, lymphomas , da myelomas.
Wani ƙwayar ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta mai wuya ana iya kira shi 'busa.' Rigar da marasa lafiya tare da cutar sankarar bargo na iya nuna cewa canjin canji ya faru a cikin kwayar jini wanda yake a farkon aikin ci gaba. Idan yawan kwayoyin halitta a cikin cutar sankarar jini ko lymphoma sun fi girma, wannan yana nuna cewa canjin canji ya faru ne a cikin tantanin halitta ko kwayar halitta wadda ta fi kusa da mataki na karshe na matasan.
A lymphoma, akwai ƙwayar lymphomas daban-daban waɗanda ke nuna dukkanin matakai daban-daban na ci gaban lymphocyte, ciki har da hanyoyi masu ci gaba don ƙwayoyin B da T; Saboda haka, akwai lymphomas na B-cell, lymphomas T-cell, har ma da kwayoyin T-cell lymphomas .
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation - Bone Marrow Transplants
Yin maganin cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma da sauran cututtuka na jini na iya haifar da dashi na kwayoyin hematopoietic. Wadannan zasu iya zama jikin ku, wanda aka girbe daga kasusuwa na fata (autologous), ko daga mai bayarwa (allogenic). Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don samun jinsunan jinin lafiya daga mai bayarwa sun bambanta, amma dashi kanta shi ne mai sauƙi mai sauƙi kamar yadda kwayoyin kwayoyin hematopoiet suka yi ƙaurawa daga jini zuwa cikin kututture.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Wannan shine lokacin da ake amfani da shi don samar da kwayar jini wanda yake faruwa a waje da kasusuwa. Ana iya gani a ciwon anemia na yau da kullum, tare da samar da jini a cikin hanta, yalwa da wani lokaci a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph. A wasu al'amuran, akwai ƙwayoyin hematopoiet marasa kyau wanda ke cikin yankunan da ke cikin kasusuwa.
> Sources:
> Williams, L. Binciken Mafi Girma na Hematopoiesis da Immunology: Abubuwan da ke faruwa ga masu sauraro mai suna Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. A cikin Ezzone, S. (2004) Harsoyin Hematopoietic Tsarin Gudanarwa: Dokar Kula da Nursing. Ƙungiyar Nursing Oncology. Pittsburg, PA (shafi na 1-13).
> Michael A. Rieger da Timm Schroeder Hematopoiesis. Maganar Cold Spring Harbour a Biology, 2012, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.