Neutrophils sune nau'in jini na jini (WBC ko granulocyte) wanda ke kare mu daga cututtuka na kwayan cuta a tsakanin sauran ayyuka.
Kimanin kashi 40 cikin kashi 60 cikin dari na jini mai tsabta sune neutrophils. Wadannan kwayoyin sune farkon kwayoyin halitta don isa a wurin yayin da muke fuskantar cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Damage zuwa kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da sakin "chemokines" wanda ke jawo hankalin tsaka-tsaki zuwa shafin a cikin tsarin da ake kira chemotaxis.
Za'a iya zama mafi sani ga masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta ga mai lura da hankali kamar yadda ya kamata.
Yanayi
Neutrophils sun kasance mafi girman kashi daga cikin jini dauke da kwayar halitta. Su ne "masu amsawa na farko" suna taka muhimmiyar kariya ga kwayoyin cutar da ke shiga jikin mu.
Neutrophils magance masu haɗuwar kasashen waje ta hanyar "cinye su" wani tsari da ake kira phagocytosis, ko kuma dauke su cikin tantanin halitta a cikin tsarin da ake kira endocytosis. Da zarar kwayar waje ta shiga cikin neutrophil, an "bi da shi" tare da enzymes wanda zai haifar da lalata kwayoyin. Neutrophils kuma taimakawa wajen tsara tsarin amsawa a gaba ɗaya.
Neutrophils suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci, suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin sa'o'i takwas kawai, amma jikinmu yana samar da kimanin biliyan 100 na waɗannan kwayoyin a kowace rana. Bayan an fitar da su daga kasusuwa, kashi ɗaya daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin sun kasance tare da rufin jini kuma sauran rabin suna samuwa a jikin jikin mutum.
Anatomy da Tsarin
Ana iya ganin nau'in jujjuya a fili a ƙarƙashin microscope a matsayin kwayoyin halitta tare da halayen 2 zuwa 5 lobes a cikin tsakiya, kuma abin da ke jan launin ruwan hoda ko shunayya tare da damu mai tsaka. Kalmar "PMN" ko polymorphonuclear leukocyte tana nufin wannan binciken.
Neutrophils, Blood Cells, da kuma tsarin ba da izini
Zai iya zama da damuwa idan kun ji game da kwayoyin jini da kuma neutrophils.
Idan neutrophils ne kawai irin nau'in jini na jini, me ya sa masanan sunyi magana game da ƙananan jinin jini da ƙananan ƙwayar tsaka-tsaki da chemotherapy ( chemotherapy-induced neutropenia )? Amsar mai sauƙi shine cewa matakin ƙananan neutrophils, musamman, na iya zama mafi haɗari a predisposing mutane zuwa cututtuka.
Dukkanin jini (kwayoyin fararen fata, da jini mai launin jini, da plalets) an kafa su a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa - nama mai laushi a tsakiya na kasusuwa irin su hip. A cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, dukkan waɗannan kwayoyin sun samo asali daya daga kwayar halitta da aka sani da tantanin kwayar hematopoeitic.
Wadannan kwayoyin sifofin sunyi rikici cikin sassa daban-daban na sel a cikin tsarin da ake kira hematopoiesis . Tun lokacin da dukkanin waɗannan kwayoyin sun fara ne tare da kwayar halitta guda ɗaya, matakan da ke lalata kasusuwa - irin su chemotherapy - sau da yawa yakan shafi kowane nau'i na jini. Wannan ake kira yunkurin karɓin ɓawon jini daga chemotherapy .
Bugu da ƙari, jinin jinin jini da platelets, akwai nau'i daban-daban na jini. Kwayoyin jinin sunada gaba tare da hanyoyi biyu. Tsarin kwayar halitta zai iya bunkasa ko dai tare da layin lymphoid , wanda zai haifar da samuwa na lymphocytes T da B, ko layin myeloid .
Kwayar dake cikin layin myeloid zai iya bunkasa cikin neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, ko basophil.
Neutrophils fara ne a matsayin myeloblasts, wanda girma cikin promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, makada, sa'an nan kuma girma tsaka-tsaki.
Neutrophil Count
Kwancen ANC na yau da kullum ko yawan tsaka-tsaki daidai ne tsakanin 2500 da 7500 neutrophils da microliter.
Matsayi na neutrophils kasa da 2500 ana kiransa neutropenia, kodayake mataki na rage yana da muhimmanci. Wani ANC kasa da 1000 shine mafi tsanani, kuma zai iya sa ran wani ya kamu da cututtuka.
Bayanan rahoton jininka zai iya rushe neutrophils zuwa sassa biyu: rarrabe ko tsakaita tsaka-tsaki, da kuma tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki wanda aka sani da makamai.
A cikin cututtuka masu tsanani, ana yada kasusuwan kasusuwa don saki mafi yawan tsaka-tsakin (tsakaran tsaka-tsaki) wanda ya haifar da adadin yawan haɗin a kan rahoton ku.
Yanayi tare da Abubuwa Masu Maganganci Kwayoyin Neutrophils
Lokacin da likitoci suka duba lamarin jini (CBC) ko kuma ƙwayar jini (WBC) ƙwayar jini mafi yawan gaske shine karuwa ko ragewa a cikin yawan tsammanin tsaka-tsaki na neutrophils. Samun gwaji don neutrophils shine, sabili da haka, wani bangare mai mahimmanci na dakin gwaje-gwajen gwajin cutar.
Dalilin Neutrophilia
Yin tunani akan aikin neutrophils zai sa fahimtar karuwa a cikin lambar da sauƙin fahimta. Hanyoyin da za su iya ƙara yawan waɗannan jinin jini sun haɗa da:
- Sake amsawa - Tare da tsaka-tsakin neutrophilia, akwai karuwar yawan neutrophils saboda amsawa ko cututtuka. Hanyoyin damuwa a jikinmu yana haifar da mafi girma fiye da yawan adadin wadannan kwayoyin don a saki daga kasusuwa.
- Tsayawa (ƙãra yawan samfur a cikin kututture kasusuwan) - Tsarin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki yana nufin karuwa a yawan masu tsaka-tsaki saboda yawan karuwa a cikin samar da su a cikin kututture. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan abin da ake gani da ciwon daji, irin su muriyacciyar cutar sankarar myelocytic.
- Gwaguwa - Maganin juyawa sukan "rayuwa" a haɗe da jini. Wadannan neutrophils na iya zama "ƙaddara" kuma suna zagaye a cikin jini saboda damuwa, cututtuka, da kuma wani lokacin motsa jiki.
Yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da Neutrophilia
Wasu ƙananan dalilai na ƙididdigar neutrophil mai yawa (neutrophilia) sun haɗa da:
- Cutar
- Damuwa
- Magunguna irin su cutar sankarar jini
- Mutuwar kamfanoni irin su cututtuka na rheumatoid
- Cutar da konewa
- Shan taba
- Hawan ciki
- Thyroiditis
- Eclampsia
Kwayoyin Neutrophils a cikin Jiki
Yawancin neutrophils a cikin jini muna da tsakaran tsaka-tsalle. Tsakanan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsalle za'a iya samuwa akan cutar jini idan an karfafa jiki kuma akwai buƙatar gaske don ƙarin tsaka-tsaki. Lokacin da wannan ya auku, ƙara yawan masu tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki ba zasu iya samun hanyar zuwa jini daga kasusuwan kasusuwa kafin su kai balaga. Kwararka zai iya ambata cewa kana da yawan yawan haɗin - ko ma maras tsakaita tsaka-tsaki - a kan ƙimar jini.
A madadin haka, ƙara yawan kwayoyin neutrophils na iya haifuwa tare da leukemias irin su muryar cutar sankarar barga .
Dalilin Neutropenia
Za'a iya rage yawan kuɗin neutrophil kadai, ko a maimakon haka, a rage tare da wasu nau'in jini. Kalmar nan pancytopenia tana nufin ragewan dukkanin manyan nau'in jini; yanin jini (wanda ake kira anemia) platelets (wanda ake kira thrombocytopenia) da kuma kwayoyin jini.
Hanyoyin da za su iya haifar da ƙididdigar tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki za su iya haɗawa
- Ragewa ko ba shi da haɓakar ɓawon kashi na kasusuwa - Alal misali, lokacin da kasusuwa na kasuwa ya ji rauni kamar yadda cutar chemotherapy, ko raunin bitamin ya kasance wanda ke haifar da rashin samarwa.
- Raunin da aka yi wa marrow - Lokacin da kasusuwan sun "karɓa" daga kwayoyin halitta irin su ciwon daji.
- Bukatar karin neutrophils - Alal misali, don yaki da kamuwa da cutar ko a mayar da martani ga cuta. Da farko, tare da yawancin cututtuka na kwayan cuta, yawan ƙididdigar neutrophil ya karu. Tare da cututtuka masu tsanani, duk da haka, ƙimar tsaka-tsakin ƙananan za ta iya haifar da ƙwayar rigakafin da ake fama da shi.
- Raguwar ragewar neutrophils - Yayinda cututtuka yakan haifar da ƙididdigar neutrophil, yawan kamuwa da cuta, da cututtuka tare da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka na rickettsia zai iya haifar da rage yawan tsayayyar neutrophils da ƙananan ƙidaya. Ƙananan magunguna na iya fuskanci lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewar da ake yi wa kai a cikin yanayin kamar lupus.
- Rushewar tsaka-tsakin da aka riga ya samo.
- Cyclic neutropenia.
Yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da Neutropenia
Ta hanyar hanyoyin da ke sama, ƙimar tsaka-tsakin neutrophil zai iya zama saboda:
- Chemotherapy
- Anemia aplastic
- Rawanin zafi
- Myelodysplasia
- Magungunan jini da suka shafi jini wanda ke haifar da kasusuwa irin su cutar sankarar bargo
- Kwayoyin cututtuka
- Cikakken cututtuka (sepsis)
- Rickettsial cututtuka
- Typhoid zazzabi
- Takaddama
- Drug reactions - alal misali, zuwa penicillin, ibuprofen, da kuma phenytoin
- Hyperglycemia
- Dandalin Vitamin B12 (melamblastic anemia) da raunin acid acid
- Tsarin neutropenia na Kostmann (yanayin yanayin da ke shafar yara)
- Abubuwan da ba shi da mahimmanci (ma'ana ba wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa ƙimar tsaka-tsaki ba shi da ƙasa)
Muhimmancin Ƙididdigar Neutrophil mai Low
Muhimmancin ƙididdigar tsaka-tsaki na tsaka-tsaki yana dogara da dalilai da yawa, musamman ma da tsayi na neutropenia. Wataƙila ku sani da labarun "jarirai" - yara da aka haifa tare da tsarin mummunar ƙwayar cuta, amma akwai digiri a tsakanin.
Ƙididdigar tsaka-tsaki mai tsaka-tsaki shine daya daga cikin mawuyacin sakamako na ilimin chemotherapy . Lokacin da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun suna iyakance a ko dai lamba ko aiki ko duka biyu, jikinmu ba su da ikon yin yaki da cututtuka, ko da kwayoyin da ba sa haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani.
Misalai: Yankin neutrophil na Olivia ba shi da kyau bayan maganin lafiyarsa, don haka likitanta ya shawarci ta fara maganin rigakafi don hana cutar.
> Sources
> Amulic, B., Cazalet, C., Haye, G. et al. Ayyukan Neutrophil: Daga Tsarin Magunguna ga Cututtuka. Bincike na shekara na Immunology . 2012. 30: 459-489.
> Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta kasa. MedLine Plus. Blood Bambancin. Updated 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm